【2019中考復習】中考介詞考點梳理

中考介詞考點梳理介詞是一種用來表示詞語詞之間、詞與句之間的關系的詞，在句中不能單獨做句子成分。介詞分為簡單介詞和短語介詞兩種。簡單介詞即單個介詞，如in，under，on，for，after等；短語介詞指多個單詞構成的介詞，如infrontof，insteadof，farfrom等。介詞短語與短語介詞不同。介詞短語指由“介詞+名詞/代詞等”構成的短語，如atschool，bybus，onSunday等，在句中可以作定語、狀語、表語、賓語補足語等。有些單詞，既可以作介詞，也可以作連詞（作連詞時，其后接句子），如after，before等；而有些單詞，既可以作介詞，也可以作副詞，如above，below等。介詞是中考試卷中的“?？汀保瑥臅r間上看，年年都要考；從地點上看，每個地區(qū)都要考?？疾榻樵~的主要題目有：單項填空、完形填空、短文填空及句子翻譯等。一、對時間介詞的考查介詞用法例句/常用短語at①表示在某個時刻或是瞬間②用在節(jié)假日前表示“在……期間”③用于某些固定搭配Iusuallygetupathalfpastsix.BillgotalotofpresentsatChristmas.atnoon;atnight;atmidnighton表示在具體的某一天或具體到某一天的早晨、上下午或晚上等IlikevisitingfriendsonSundays.Theaccidenthappenedonarainyevening.in①用于月份、季節(jié)、年、年代、世紀等②泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上③“in+時間段”，表示“在……之后”常用于一般將來時態(tài)inJanuary;insummer;inthe1990sinthemorning/afternoon/eveningShesaysthathermotherwillbeback (兩個小時后).during在……期間duringthesummerholidaysbefore在……之前Hewillbebackbeforesuppertime.after①“after+具體時刻”，表示“在……之后”②"after+時間段”不與將來時連用。afterthreeo,clock/lunch/AugustHewillarrive (after/in)anhour.since后接時間點或過去時的句子，表示“自從……以來”HehastaughtEnglishsince2001.Ihaven,tseenhimsinceheleftlasttime.for后接時間段，表示“持續(xù)段時間”Hehaslivedhereforeightyears.till/until①表示持續(xù)到某個時候②not…until...意為直到才Itmaylasttill/untilnextFriday.Wecan,tgetoffthebusuntilitstops.fromfrom...to…意為從 至UWegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.by①表示"在……之前”、“不遲于”②表示“到……為止”Youmustbeherebyteno'clocktomorrow.bytheendoflastyear/nextyear;bynow-1-中考介詞考點梳理【中考例題】（2015連云港）IwasbornDecember17.ThisyearI,llholdabirthdaypartyforitathome.A.on B.at C.in D.by（2015四川涼山）一DoyouknowVictoryDayinChina?一Yes,it,sSeptember3rdeachyear.IttellstheworldthatChinesepeoplelovepeaceandhatewars.Chinesepeoplewillneverforgetthehistory.A.in;on B.on;/ C.at;/ D.on;in（2015山東臨沂）FormanyWesternpeople,theydrinkcoldwaterevenwinter.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA.on B.for C.at D.in（2015甘肅武威）一Thecharitywalkbegins9:00.Don,tbelate.一Noproblem.A.at B.by C.in D.on（2015安徽）TheDragonBoatFestivalthisyearwillcomefourdays.A.after B.for C.during D.in（2015荷澤知文填空）Afterwalkingaroundsometime,shecametoariver.（2015德州首字母填空）Hehasbeenawayfromhomestwodaysago.（2015溫州句子填空）TheHighlandMuseumisopenedeverydayMonday.二、對地點、方位介詞的考查X介詞圖示意義例句1in?在之內(nèi)Thestudentsarereadingintheclassroom.學生們在教室里讀書。2on ._在……上面Theboatisontheriver.那條船在河上。3beneath*在……下面（緊貼著表面）Thesunisnowbeneaththehorizon.太陽此刻落到地平線下了。4over*在……（正）上方Thereareseveralbridgesovertheriver.河上有好幾座橋。5under在……（正）下方Theboatsailedunderthebridge.船在橋下行駛。6above1■在……上方Theplaneflewabovetheclouds.飛機在云上飛行。7below■在……下方Thesunsinksbelowthehorizon.太陽沉沒在地平線下。8by/beside—■在……旁邊Tomissittingby/besidethewindow.湯姆坐在窗戶的旁邊。9near在……附近Idon,tneedacarbecauseIlivenearthecitycentre.我不需要汽車，因為我住在靠近市中心。-2-中考介詞考點梳理

介詞圖示意義例句10nexttoA緊挨……Mybestfriendsitsnexttomeinclass.上課時我最好的朋友坐在我的旁邊。11behind■在……后面Olivehidbehindatree.奧列弗藏在一棵樹后面。12outside■?在……外面Heparkedhiscaroutsidethetheater.他把汽車停在劇場外面。13to. *至U……去Wewalkedtothefruitshop.我們步行到水果店。14from一?從……來WetraveledtoLondonfromEdinburgh.我們從愛丁堡旅行到倫敦。15(a)round圍繞……Weallsataroundthetable.我們都圍繞著桌子坐。16between在……之間（指二者）TheletterBisbetweenAandC.字母B在A和C之間。17among在……之間（指三者或三者以上）Thehousestandsamongthetrees.房子在樹叢中。18across A橫過、越過（從表面跨過）Iftheroadisbusy,don,twalkacrossit.如果道路擁擠，就不要橫穿馬路。19through—穿過……（從內(nèi)部穿過）Wedrovethroughthetunnel.我們開車穿過了隧道。20past/by—f從旁邊經(jīng)過/路過……Iwentpast/byabakeryonmywayhome.我在回家的路上經(jīng)過了一家面包店。21onto至U……上Themenliftthebasketsontothetrucks.人們把籃子運上卡車。*122into一-—到……里Theyputtheapplesintothebaskets.他們把蘋果放進籃子里。23outof從……出來Don,tlookoutofthewindowinclass.上課時不要朝窗外看。24along—沿著Walkalongthisstreet,thenturnleft,youcanseethepostoffice.沿著這條街走，然后向右拐，你就可以看到郵局。at,in,on表示地點的用法：①at表地點時，指空間位置上的某一點，后面常接小地方。如：atthebusstop；②in表地點時，指在某一立體空間范圍內(nèi)，后面接大地方。如：inshanghai；③on表地點時，指某物與另一物表面相接觸，或與某地方接壤等。如：onthetable等。in,on,to表示方位的用法：①范圍之內(nèi)用in；②相鄰、接壤用on；③不相鄰或隔海相望用to。-3-中考介詞考點梳理【中考例題】（2015江蘇泰州）一IliketheweatherinKunming.It,swarmallyearlong.—Yes.Andthetemperaturestayszeroallthetime.A.at B. below C. around D. above（2015蘇州）Incoldwinter,thetemperatureinHarbinoftenremainszeroallday.A.above B. below C. over D. under（2015益陽）Thebankisthebookstoreandthepostoffice.A.atthefrontof D.among C.between D.in（2015濰坊）Youmustbecarefulwhenyouswimthelake.A.across B.below C.over D.through（2015貴州銅仁）一Excuseme,whereisthebookstore?一Gothebridge.You,llseeitonyourleft.A.on B.cross C.across D.through（2015黑龍江綏化）HeilongjiangProvinceisthenortheastofChina.A.to B. in C. on D. at（2014天津）CambridgeisasmallcitytheeastofEngland.A.between B. with C. in D. under（2015南寧）Jimsitsbehindme,soIsithim.A.atthetopof B. atthe endof C.inthemiddle of D. infrontof三、對手段、方法介詞的考查介詞用法例句/常用短語by①by+交通工具：“乘坐交通工具”②bydoingsth.:"通過某種方式”Hegoestoschoolbybuseveryday.IlearnEnglishbylisteningtotheradio.in①in+語言類名詞：“用某種語言”②in+工具：“用某種工具或材料”CanyousayitinEnglish?Don,twriteitinpencil.Writeitinink.with①with+工具：“用某種工具或材料”②withthehelpof...：在 的幫助下Ioftendomyhomeworkwithapen.Withthehelpofhim,Iwonthematch.on通過某個設備Helistenstomusicontheradio.【中考例題】（2015江蘇鎮(zhèn)江）MaYun,theChairpersonofAlibabaGroup,hasmademuchmoneytheInternet.A.through B. along C. across D. towards（2014上海）MoreandmorepeopleinShanghaichoosetogotoworkunderground.A.in B. with C. by D. for（2014成都）Gina,what,sthisEnglish?A.by B. for C. in D. with（2014萊蕪）Wecansavemoneycookingourownmealsinsteadofeatingoutside.A.by B. to C. for D. with-4-中考介詞考點梳理

四、對其他常用介詞的考查介詞用法例句/常用短語about①大約②“關于”，只表示“和……有關”Thereareabout60pupilsinmyclass.Iwanttotellyouastoryaboutanimals.on“關于”，多表示內(nèi)容具有專門性，是嚴肅的和學術性的It'sabookonanimals.這是一本論及動物的書。（學術專著）like“像……一樣”Hetalkedtomelikehisfather.as“作為；以……的身份”，后跟表示職業(yè)、職務的名詞Asavolunteer,Imusttrymybesttohelpyouwithyourproblems.except“除……之外”，指從整體中除去一部分WeareallhereexceptLiMing.（李明不在這兒）besides“除……之外還有（包括在內(nèi)）”WeareallherebesidesLiMing.（李明在這兒）with表示伴隨，意為“和……一起”Iwenttoplanttreeswithmyfriends.without表示“沒有”，常作狀語Heleftwithoutsayingaword.for①表示目的，意為“為了”②表示原因、理由Hecamehereforacupoftea.Sanyaisfamousfor“TianyaHaijiao”.towards“朝……方向”Adogisrunningtowardsme.off“離開，脫離”Keepoffthegrass.勿踏草地。against靠著；反對Heissleepingsoundlyagainstatree.insteadof，，代替，，IwentswimminginsteadofwatchingTV.becauseof“因為……”，表示原因Ididn'tgooutbecauseofthebadweather.【中考例題】（2015福州）一Doyourememberwhatshelookedlikewhenyoufirstmether?—Ofcourse.Shewastallandthinlonghair.A.in B.with C.on D.for（2015龍巖）Jackhadtostopworkingthoughitwashisownwishes.A.on B.for C.against D.by（2015河南）Wildanimalsareourfriends.Weshouldn'tkillthemfoodorclothing.A.in B.with C.about D.for（2015連云港）ItisgreatustogetsomanyfavouritebooksonInternationalChildren'sBookDay.A.to B.with C.of D.for（2015涼山完形填空）Helookedatmeand,aword,smiled.A.in B.with C.without D.for（2014四川省內(nèi)江市）AllofuswenttotheparkBob.Hehadtolookafterhissister.A.besides B.with C.except D.besides-5-中考介詞考點梳理

五、對介詞短語的考查搭配情況介詞固定搭配與名詞的搭酉己atatnight/noon;atonce;atfirst/last;athome/school/workafterafterschool/class;afterbreakfast/lunch/supper;afterallbybytheway;bythelake/river;bynow;bychance/accidentininclass;intime;intown;inthefuture;infact;inacar/taxionontime;onduty;onbusiness;onfoot;onatrain/ship/planeforforexample;forawhile;forsure;forfun;theidea/technologyfor…totheanswerto…/thewayto…/thekeyto…withhaveproblem/trouble/difficulty/funwith...//makefriendswith...與動詞的搭酉己aboutworryabout;talkabout;thinkabout;learn/knowaboutatlookat;laughat;shoutat;pointat;knockat;arriveat;callatswh.forlookfor;askfor;waitfor;standfor;leavefor;sendforsb.fromhearfromsb.;learnfromsb.;comefrom;bemadefromondependon;geton;callonsb.;(puton;tryon;turnon)offgetoff;falloff;showoff;(takeoff;seesb.off)tobelongto;listento;getto;writeto;helponeselfto;sayhello/hito…withbeginwith;talk/chatwithsb.;agreewithsb.;geton/alongwithsb.與形容詞的搭酉己aboutbesureabout;besorryaboutatbemadat;begood/badat;besurprisedat;betalentedatofbeafraid/scaredof;besure/proud/fond/jealous/fullofwithbebusy/strict/angry/popular/satisfied/covered/filledwithinbeinterestedin;bedifferentinsize;bestrictinsth.forbefamousfor;belatefor;bereadyfor;begood/badfortobepolite/rude/crueltosb.;begood/friendly/kind/badtosb.frombeawayfrom;bedifferentfrom;be...awayfrom-6-中考介詞考點梳理【中考例題】(2015濱州)Mymothersaysmyfriendissimilarme,butIthinksheisdifferent me.A.as;from B.to;from C.to;to D.as;to(2015鹽城)Thisphotoremindedtheoldmanthedayswhenhewasyoung.A.with B.for C.by D.of(2015武威)Theyhopeitcanprotectthemterribleair.A.in B.from C.for D.at(2015廣州)Whenthekingsawthatsheasplayinghisoldharp,hewasfilledjoy.A.in B.of C.by D.with(2014山西)Thiskindofdressisthisyear,andIreallywanttogetoneA.indanger B.introuble C.instyle D.intime(2014四川)Mr.Yang,sdaughterisprettygooddrawingpicturesandwonmanyprizes.A.with B.for C.in D.at(2014天津)ShenXueandZhaoHongbowonthegoldmedalforChinasowe,reproud them.A.in B.on C.of D.for(2015廣安完形填空)Ilearnmyteacherandmyclassmatesatthecorner.A.to B.at C.for D.from(2015煙臺)Comparedsomeunhappypeople,thosewhoarealwayspleasedandrelaxedarelesslikelytosuffercolds.A.at B.with C.in D.of附：介詞的省略省略情況示例表示時間的短語中介詞的省略。(in)thismorning/afternoon/evening;(on)thenextday;(in)nextweek/month/year;(in)lastnight/week/year;(on)thedaybeforeyesterday;(in)theyearbeforelast;(on)tomorrowmorning;(on)every/some/one/allday…在肯定句中表示一段時間的for?？墒÷?。Ihavebeenwaitingforyou(for)awholeafternoon.HehasstudiedEnglish(for)fiveyears.在“of+大小、形狀、年齡”等結構中，of常省略。WhenIwas(of)yourage,Iknewmuchlessthanyou.Thedesksinourclassare(of)thesamecolour,material,shape,heightandlength.在here，there，home等副詞前。come(to)here;go(to)there;go(to)home某些習語中的省略。bebusy(in)doingsth.忙于做某事(in)this/thatway以這種/那種方法stop/preventsb.(from)doingsth.阻止某人做某事spend….in)doingsth.在做某事上花費havetrouble(in)doingsth.在做某事中遇到麻煩helpsb.(to)dosth.幫助某人做某事-7-中考介詞考點梳理近年河北省中考介詞真題（2015）Thisfoodisfree.Youdon'thavetoit.A.lookfor B.payfor C.askfor D.waitfor（2014）Yousee,Keviniswritinghislefthand.A.at B.as C.for D.with（2013）age7,Brucewonsecondprizeinthepianocompetition.A.In B.At C.On D.For（2012）Wecanbethankfuleveryday,notjustThanksgivingDay.A.in B.on C.to D.by（2011）Thisschoolisdifferentothers.Ithasmanyout-of-classactivities.A.off B.from C.of D.for（2015邯鄲一模）JessicatookpartintheEnglishcompetitionthemorningofApriltenth.A.in B.on C.to D.b