【高考專題】被動語態(tài)

被動語態(tài)語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用來表明主語與謂語動詞之間的關系。英語的語態(tài)分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語闔表示主語是動作的承受者。學習被動語態(tài)，除了要熟練掌握各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)構成外，還要注意哪些動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，避免將一些不及物動詞，如happen,occur,belong,remain等，誤當作及物動詞而用在被動結構之中。另外，一些特殊現(xiàn)象，如主動形式表示被動意義與被動形式表示主動意義等，也是學習中應注意的問題?！镏鲃诱Z態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，通常采用如下步驟：主動語態(tài)f 被動語態(tài)賓語f主語（若為賓格須變?yōu)橹鞲瘢?謂語動詞fbe+過去分詞（注意be有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化）;3.主語f （根據(jù)句意需要）by+主動語態(tài)句子的主語（若為主格須變?yōu)橘e格）;3.其余部分 f 其余部分。e.g.主動語態(tài)：WespeakEnglisheveryday.主語調(diào)動賓語 狀語（其余部分）被動…被動語態(tài)：Englishisspoken（byus）everyday.考點一被動赭態(tài)的構成被動語態(tài)由【be+過去分詞】構成，成動詞有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化。被動語態(tài)常見的時態(tài)變化:時態(tài)被動語態(tài)的構成be動詞人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的形式變化主語謂語狀語be動詞過去分詞一般現(xiàn)在時Theworkisdoneeveryday.am/is/aredone一般過去時wasyesterday.was/weredone現(xiàn)在進行時Theworkisbeingdoneatthemoment.am/is/arebeingdone過去進行時wasbeinglastweek.was/werebeingdone一般將來時Theworkwillbedonenextweek.will/shallbedone過去將來時wouldbebeforeyoucame.wouldbedone現(xiàn)在完成時Theworkhasbeendonesinceyouleft.has/havebeendone過去完成時hadbeenbeforeyourarrival.hadbeendone將來完成時Theworkwillhavebeendonebytheendofnextterm.will/shallhavebeendone1/6

主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的5種1.跟雙賓語動詞的被動語態(tài)可接兩個賓語(即sb.sth.)的動詞如give,send,teach,show,tell,pay,offer,promise,make等變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時f①sb.bedonesth.②sth.bedone了tosb.(表動作"向誰做")tforsb.(表動作“為誰做”)Theyofferedhimaposition.—Hewasofferedapositionbythem.—Apositionwasofferedtohimbythem.Mymommademeapairofpants.—Iwasmadeapairofpantsbymymom.—Apairofpantswasmadeformebymymom.2.【5看3使2聽1感覺】跟復合賓語（賓語+賓補）的被動語態(tài)5看：see,lookat,watch,notice,observe3使：let,make,have2聽：hear,listento1感覺：feel,Isawherentertheroom.—Shewasseentoentertheroom(byme).特殊變化+sb.do變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，作賓補的動詞原形do前須加to,即:V+sb.do—sb.beV-edtodo3.動詞短語的被動語態(tài)動詞短語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，要注意動詞短語的完整性，動詞后面的介詞或副詞不可遺漏?！铩緞釉~+名詞+介詞】構成的動詞短語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時有兩種變化形式。常見的此類短語有：takecareof,payattentionto,putanendto,makeuseof等。,Theysentforthedoctor.—Thedoctorwassentfor(bythem).★Peoplepaidnoattentiontome.—Iwaspaidnoattentionto.—Noattentionwaspaidtome.4.含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)f情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞★一些不定式結構，如begoingto,haveto,beto,beaboutto,belikelyto,seemto在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時也有類似變化。,Thecomputermightberepairedbytomorrow.★Theplanisgoingtobecarriedoutnextweek.Thesedifficultiesaresuretobeovercome.5.謂動為say,report,believe,think,know,consider等帶有賓從的句子的被動語態(tài)f通常用it做形式主語，真正的主語在后面用主語從句來表示。?此結構有時可改為【主語+be+過去分詞+不定式】的形式。,Peoplesaythathehasgotthefirstplaceintheexam.—Itissaidthathehasgotthefirstplaceintheexam.—Heissaidtohavegotthefirstplaceintheexam.,Peoplethinkheisasmartboy.—Itisthoughtthatheisasmartboy.—heisthoughttobeasmartboy.考點二被動語態(tài)的適用范圍.強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者，將承受者作為談話的中心時，e.g.Immediateactionshouldbetakentoprotecttheenvironment..不知道或無需說出動作的執(zhí)行者時，e.g.--Haveyouheardaboutthatfireinthemarket?--Yes,fortunatelynoonewashurt.Manybuildingswillbebuiltinourcity.3.動作的執(zhí)行者是無聲民的事物時，e.g.Thewindowglasswasbrokenbyastone.考點三主動形式表示被動意義.謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義①|系動詞+j構成系表結構時，系動詞主動形式表被動意義。?be動詞：am/is/are/was/were?感官系動詞：look/sound/smell/taste/feel系動詞《?表“像”系動詞：seem/appear?表“保持"系動詞：keep/stay/remain?表"變化"系動詞：become/go/get/turn/grow/fall（asleep）/come（true）?表“結果"系動詞：prove/turnout（tobe）e.g.Theseflowerssmellsverynice.Thestorysoundstrue.Hisdreamhascometrue.Einstein,stheoryproved（tobe）correct.②一些由及物動詞轉化成的不及物動詞，如sell,wash,burn,cook,clean,cut,read,write,open,lock,shut,keep保存）等，當他們與well,easily等副詞連用，說明主語的某種屬性特征時，常用主動形式表被動意義。e.g.Thispenwritessmoothly.Theknifecutswell.Mycoatwasheseasily.；Thebooksellswell.（書本身很好）、一Thebookissoldwell.（銷售人員賣的好，與書本身好壞無關）TThedoorcan,tlock.（鎖子壞了）IThedoorisn,tlocked.（有人沒鎖門）③表開始、結束的詞（如begin,start,finish,end等），當主語為事物且不強調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者時，可用主動形式表被動意義。e.g.Classbeginsateighteveryday.ThistermwillendonJuly2nd.2.謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義1）動名詞的主表被need/want/requiredoing(=tobedone) 需要被做deservedoing(=tobedone) 應該/值得被做be(well)worthdoing 值得被做_beworthy、tobedonee.g.Thechildrenneed/want/requirelookingafter.1tobelookedafter.Thisreportiswellworthlisteningto.=Thisreportisworthyofbeinglistenedto./tobelistenedto.

2）不定式的主表被①betoblame（應受責備），betorent/let（出租）e.g.Heistoblamefortheaccident.Thehouseistorent.主語+系動詞+adj.+todo

f 邏輯上的動賓關系 |★此時不定式主動形式表被動意義，不定式中的動詞須為vt.主語+系動詞+adj.+todo

f 邏輯上的動賓關系 |e.g.Thequestioniseasytoanswer.Goodmedicineisbittertotaste.Theproblemseemsdifficulttosettle.Thepictureispleasanttolookat.Thechairiscomfortabletositon.（使）（使）make 、「think（認為）find,+名詞/代詞+adj.+todo]feel 1邏輯上的動賓關系|、consider）★此時不定式主動形式表被動意義，不定式中的動詞須為vt.；若為vi.,須在vi.后加適當介詞。e.g.Ifoundhislecturedifficulttounderstand.Ithinkthemaneasytogetalongwith.邏輯I■的主謂關系sb.havesth.todo.★此時不定式主動形式表被動意義，不定式中的動詞若為vi.,須在邏輯I■的主謂關系sb.havesth.todo.邏輯上的動賓關系e.g.試比較「Ihavealettertotype,soIcan,tgooutforawalk.Ihavenomoreletterstobetyped.Thanks.Shehasalotofhouseworktodoafterwork.I,llgoshopping.Doyouhaveanythingtobebought?考點4【get+過去分詞】【get+過去分詞】則多用于表示動作的結果或動作變化的逐漸性；而【be+過去分詞】多用來表示一般的動作或情況。能夠用于get后構成被語態(tài)的過去分詞不多，常見的有arrested,broken,caught,cheated,confused,delayed,divorced,dressed,drowned,drunk,elected,engaged,hit,killed,lost,married,stuck等。這類結構的主要用法如下：IgotdressedasquicklyasIcould.我盡快穿好衣服。Igotcaughtinthedelugeonthewayhome.我在回家的路上遇到傾盆大雨。Igotdrunkforthefirsttimeinmylifelastnight.昨晚我有生以來第一次喝醉了。Shenearlygothitbyacar.她差點被汽車撞上了。Don,tplaywithknives.Youmightgethurt.不要玩刀子，說不定會傷著自己。Happilynonegotkilledinthataccident.幸虧那起車禍沒有造成死亡。Igaveyouamapsoyouwouldn,tgetlost.我給你一張地圖這樣你就不會迷路了。Theywerewalkingoutforyearsbeforetheygotmarried.他們戀愛多年才結婚?！竞粚嵒A鞏固提升】把下列句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)Theyarerepairingthebike.Wesawhimsittingtherewithoutdoinganything.Wemustpreventhimfromgoing.Sheheardhimsingasongjustnow.Peoplestilllookdownuponwomeninsomecountries.Mysistermademeadol.Theyhadfinishedtheworkwhenwegotthere.Dr.Smithwillgivealecturetomorrow.用所給動詞的適當形式填空Sheshould(work)forherwork.Bythetimeyoucomeback,thelecture(finish).I(tell)thatthesportsmeetisputoff.Thepolicy(prove)effective.Thismuseumiswellworth(visit).Therockishard(break).Theshop(close)at6p.m.everyday.Officialsbelievethatmorethanonepersonmaybe(blame)forthefire.【滾動練習熟能生巧】CristianoRonaldowith2013FIFAGoldenGlobeAward(regard)tobethebestplayertodayinfootballbymanyyoungfans.28billiondollars(give)awaybythecharitableorganizationsetupbyBillGatesandhiswifesofar.Thewetweatherwillcontinuetomorrow,whenacoldfront(expect)toarrive.5/6Theroad(build)anditwillbefinishedbytheendofnextyear.Alotofpeopleoftenforgetthatoralexams(design)totestourco