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絕密★啟用前2023年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試〔上海卷〕英語試卷本試卷分第一卷〔選擇題〕和第二卷〔非選擇題〕兩局部,共150分,考試用時(shí)120分鐘。考試結(jié)束,將答題卡和答題卷一并交回??忌⒁猓?.本試卷分為第一卷和第二卷兩局部??偡种?50分??荚嚂r(shí)間120分鐘。2.答第一卷前,考生務(wù)必在答題卡和答題紙上用鋼筆或圓珠筆清楚填寫姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、校驗(yàn)碼,并用鉛筆在答題卡上正確涂寫準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)和效驗(yàn)碼。3.第一卷〔1—16小題,25—80小題〕由機(jī)器閱卷,答案必須全部涂寫在答題卡上。考試應(yīng)將代表正確答案的小方格用鉛筆涂黑。注意試題題號(hào)和答題卡編號(hào)一一對(duì)應(yīng),不能錯(cuò)位。答案需要更改時(shí),必須將原選項(xiàng)用橡皮擦去,重新選擇。答案不能涂寫在試卷上,涂寫在試卷上一律不給分。第一卷中的第17—24小題,第81—84小題和第二卷的試題,其答案用鋼筆或水筆寫在答題紙上,如用鉛筆答題,或?qū)懺谠嚲砩弦宦刹唤o分。第一卷〔共105分〕LlisteningcomprehensionSectionADirectionsInsectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Ashopassistant. B.Adentist C.Ancloarician D.Abankclerk.2.A.Theexamscore. B.Theworldnews. C.Asoccermatch.D.Abasketballteam.3.A.Atapostoffice B.Ataflowershop C.Atadepartmentstore. D.Atabusstation4.A.5hours B.7hours C.9hours D.10hours5.A.Tim’snotseriouslyinjured B.Timwillgettothehospitalquickly. C.Thewoman’sheardallaboutTim’sillness. D.Thewomandoesn’tknowhowTimisnow.6.A.Sheisn’tthemoodtotravel. B.Franceistoofarforfamilyholiday. C.Familyholidaynolongerinterestsher D.Shehashadtoomanyholidaysthisyear.7.A.Thecostwasreasonable. B.ThecostwasunbelievablyhighC.Shelikesthehotel. D.Shewillstayovernight.8.A.Disappointment B.Disapproval. C.Sympathy. D.Passion.9.A.Themanistooforgetful B.Themanshouldn’tgetannoyed.C.Themanhastoomanykeys. D.Themanshouldattendmorelessons.10.A.Hewantstoliveinapartments. B.Hethinkshissignatureisunnecessary.C.Hehasalreadysignedacontract D.Hedoesn’talwayssaywhathemeans.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingintroduction.11.A.Whitemasters. B.Africanslaves. C.Nativedancers. D.Sporttrainers.12.A.Havingkungfuexperience. B.Beingabletosingandplaymusic.C.Wearingagreenbelt. D.Beingstrongandabletobalancewell.13.A.Heuseshishandstokeepthebalance. B.Hedosescontactwithhisopponent.C.Heiskickedbyhisopponent. D.Heispushedoutofthecircle.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage14.A.Greatguestsandtalktohotelstaff. B.Havebreakfastandexamineroomservice.C.Prepareforthemeetingandwritenewreports.D.Reviewthepreviousnight’sreportsandcheckemails.15.A.Sayinghellotoeveryguest. B.Consideringdifferentbathrequirements.C.Diningwithadifferentstaffmember. D.Holdingvariousoperationalmeetings.16.A.Aday’slifeofahotelmanager. B.Thedailyroutineatahotel.C.Hotelserviceandimprovement. D.Meetingsattendedbyahotelmassager.SectionCDirections:InSectionC,youwillheartwolongerconversations.Theconversationswillbereadtwice.Afteryouheareachconversation,youarerequiredtofillinthenumberedblankswiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Writeyouranswersonyouranswersheet.Blanks17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Completetheform.WriteONEWORDforeachanswer.Doctor’sNotesPatient’sname:Mr._____17_____Symptoms:Awful18andaterriblecoughTemperature:19Doctor’ssuggestion:Onespoonfulofcough20every4hoursforthenextfivedays.Completetheform.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?To21WhatdoesIamlWyndhamwrite?22Whydothemaincharactersinthestoryjoinagroupofpeople?Becausethehopetostart23.Betweenwhomwilltherebesomeconflictinthestory?Betweenpeopleand24.П.Grammarandvocabulary.SectionADirections:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandChoosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.25.Seanhasformedthehabitofjoggingthetree-linedavenuefortwohourseveryday.A.betweenB.a(chǎn)longC.belowD.with26.Ittookusquitealongtimetogettotheamusementpark.Itwasjourney.A.threehourB.a(chǎn)three-hoursC.a(chǎn)three-hourD.threehours27.Ifourparentsdoeverythingforuschildren,wewon'tlearntodependonA.themselvesB.themC.usD.ourselves28.Everyfewyears,thecoalworkers.theirlungsX-rayedtoensuretheirhealth.A.a(chǎn)rehavingB.haveC.havehadD.hadhad29.-Sorry,ProfessorSmith.Ididn'tfinishtheassignmentyesterday.-Oh,youhavedoneitasyesterdaywasthedeadline.A.mustB.mustn'tC.shouldD.shouldn't30.Inancienttimes,peoplerarelytravelledlongdistancesandmostfarmersonlytravelledthelocalmarket.A.longerthanB.morethanC.a(chǎn)smuchasD.a(chǎn)sfaras31.Thechurchtowerwhichwillbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.A.hasrestoredB.hasbeenrestoredC.isrestoringD.isbeingrestored32.Ihadgreatdifficultythesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.A.findB.foundC.tofindD.finding33.Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumourandalwayskeepshercolleagueswithherstories.A.a(chǎn)musedB.a(chǎn)musingC.toamuseD.tobeamused34.youmayhave,youshouldgatheryourcouragetofacethechallenge.A.HoweveraseriousproblemB.WhataseriousproblemC.HoweverseriousaproblemD.Whatseriousaproblem35.thecitycentre,wesawastonestatueofabout10metresinheight.A.ApproachingB.ApproachedC.ToapproachD.Tobeapproached36.Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeisshecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.A.thatB.howC.whatD.why37.Whenchanginglanes,adrivershouldusehisturningsignaltoletotherdriversknowA.heisenteringwhichlaneB.whichlaneheisenteringC.isheenteringwhichlaneD.whichlaneisheentering38.Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergywemayreturninthenearfuture.A.onwhichB.bywhichC.towhichD.fromwhich39.ourmanageobjectstoTom'sjoiningtheclub,weshallaccepthimasamember.A.UntilB.UnlessC.IfD.After40.Thaiistheonlywaywecanimaginetheoveruseofwaterinstudents'bathrooms.A.reducingB.toreduceC.reducedD.reduceSectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.a(chǎn)dditionalB.producingC.regularD.predictedE.identifiedEatmosphereG.matchedH.reducingI.carriedJ.increaseForestsinthenorthernhalfoftheglobecouldbegrowingfasternowthantheywere200yearsagoasaresultofclimatechange,accordingtoastudyoftreesineasternAmerica.Thetreesappeartohavefastergrowthratesduetolongergrowingseasonsandhigherconcentrations(濃度)ofcarbondioxideinthe___41.GeoffreyParker,ascientistattheSmithsonianEnvironmentalResearchCentreinEdgewater.Maryland,saidthattheincreasehatherateofgrowthwasunexpectedandmightbe42tothehighertemperaturesandlongergrowingseasonsdocumentedintheregion.Thegrowthmayalsobeinfluencedbythesignificant43inatmosphericCO2,hesaid."Wemadealistofreasonstheseforestscouldbegrowingfasterandthenexcludedhalfofthem,"DrParkersaid.Theirstudysuggeststhatnorthernforestsmaybecomeincreasinglyimportantin44theinfluenceofman-madeCO2ontheclimate.DrParkerandhiscolleagueshave45outadetailedrecordofthetreesona(n)46basissince1987.Theycalculatedthatduetotheglobalwarmingtheforestisproducing47tonsofwoodeachyear.Thescientists_48_thelandwithtreesatdifferentstagesofgrowthandfoundthatbothyoungandoldtreeswereshowingincreasedgrowthrate.Morethan90percentofthetreegroupshadgrownbybetweentwoandfourtimesfasterthanthescientistshad49fromestimatesofthelong-termratesofgrowth.Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Thefirstattemptofeventhemosttalentedartists,musicians,andwritersisseldomamasterpiece,Ifyouconsideryourdraftsasdressrehearsals(彩排),ortryouts,revisingwillseemanaturalpartofthewriting50.Whatisthepurposeofthedressrehearsalsandtheout-of-townpreviewsthatmanyBroadwayshowsgothrough?Theanswerisadding,deleting,replacing,reordering,51revising.AndrewLloydWebber'smusicalPhantomoftheOperaunderwentsuchaprocess.WhenLloydWebberbeganwritingin1984,hehadinmindafunny,excitingproduction.However,whenPhantomopenedinLondonin1986,theaudiencesawamovingpsychologicallovestorysettomusic.Themusicalhad.52severalrevisionsdue,inpart,toproblemswithcostumingandmakeup(戲服和化裝).Forinstance,LloydWebber53someofthemusicbecausethePhantom'smakeuppreventedtheactorfromsingingcertainsounds.Whenyourevise,youchangeaspectsofyourworkin54toyourevolvingpurpose,ortoinclude55ideasornewlydiscoveredinformation.Revisionisnotjustanafterthoughtthatgetsonlyasmuchtimeasyouhaveattheendofanassignment.56,itisamajorstageofthewritingprocess,andwritersreviseeverystepoftheway.Evenyourdecisionto57.topicswhileprewritingisatypeofrevising.However.don'tmakethemistakeofskippingtherevisionstagethatfollows58.Alwaysmaketimetobecomeyourown59andviewyourdressrehearsal,sotospeak.Reviewingyourworkinthiswaycangiveyou60newideas.Revisinginvolves61theeffectivenessandappropriatenessofallaspectsofyourwriting,makingyourpurposemoreclearly,andrefocusingordevelopingthefactsandideasyoupresent.Whenyourevise,askyourselfthefollowingquestions,keepinginmindtheaudienceforwhomyouarewriting:Ismymainideaorpurpose62throughoutmydraft?DoIeverlosesightofmypurpose?HaveIgivenmyreadersallofthe63thatis,facts,opinions,inferences--thattheyneedinordertounderstandmymainidea?Finally,haveIincludedtoomany64detailsthatmayconfusereaders?50.A.techniqueB.styleC.processD.career51.A.inparticularB.a(chǎn)saresultC.forexampleD.inotherwords52.A.undergoneB.skippedC.rejectedD.replaced53.A.rewroteB.releasedC.recordedD.reserved54.A.a(chǎn)dditionB.responseC.oppositionD.contrast55.A.fixedB.a(chǎn)mbitiousC.familiarD.fresh56.A.HoweverB.MoreoverC.InsteadD.Therefore57.A.discussB.switchC.exhaustD.cover58.A.draftingB.rearrangingC.performingD.training59.A.directorB.masterC.a(chǎn)udienceD.visitor60.A.personalB.valuableC.basicD.delicate61.A.mixingB.weakeningC.maintainingD.a(chǎn)ssessing62.A.a(chǎn)mazingB.brightC.uniqueD.clear63.A.a(chǎn)nglesB.evidenceC.informationD.hints64.A.unnecessaryB.uninterestingC.concreteD.finalSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Theelephantwaslyingheavilyonitsside,fastasleep.Afewdogsstartedbarkingatit.Theelephantwokeupinaterribleanger:itchasedthedogsintothevillagewheretheyranforsafety.Thatdidn'tstoptheelephant.Itdestroyedadozenhousesandinjuredseveralpeople.Thevillagerswerescaredandangry.ThensomeonesuggestedcallingParbati,theelephantprincess.ParbatiBarua'sfatherwasahunteroftigersandanelephanttamer.HetaughtParbatitorideanelephantbeforeshecouldevenwalk.Healsotaughtherthedangerousartoftheelephantround-up--howtocatchwildelephants.Parbatihasn'talwayslivedinthejungle.Afterahappychildhoodhuntingwithherfather,shewassenttoboardingschoolinthecity.ButParbatinevergotusedtobeingthereandmanyyearslatershewentbacktoheroldfife."Lifeinthecityistoodull.Catchingelephantsisanadventureandtheexcitementlastsfordaysafterthechase,"shesays.ButParbatidoesn'tcatchelephantsjustforfun."Mywork,"shesays,"istorescuemanfromtheelephants,andtokeeptheelephantssafefromman."AndthisisexactlywhatParbatihasbeendoingformanyyears.Increasingly,theIndianelephantisangry:formanyyears,illegalhuntershaveattackeditanditshomeinthejunglehasbeenreducedtosmallpiecesofland.Itisnowfightingback.Wheneverwildelephantsenterateagardenoravillage,Parbatiiscalledtoguidetheanimalsbacktothejunglebeforetheycankill.Theworkofanelephanttameralsoinvolvesloveanddevotion.Agoodelephanttamerwillspendhoursadaysinginglovesongstoanewlycapturedelephant."Eventuallytheygrowtolovetheirtamersandneverforgetthem.Theyarealsomoreloyalthanhumans,"shesaid,assheclimbeduponeofherelephantsandsatonthegiant,happyanimal.Anelephantprincessindeed!65.ForParbati,catchingelephantsismainlyto.A.getlonglastingexcitementB.keepbothmanandelephantssafeC.sendthembacktothejungleD.maketheangryelephantstame66.BeforeParbatistudiedinaboardingschool,.A.shespenthertimehuntingwithherfatherB.shelearnedhowtosinglovesongsC.shehadalreadybeencalledanelephantprincessD.shewastaughthowtohunttigers67.Indianelephantsaregettingincreasinglyangryandtheyrevengebecause__________.A.theyarecaughtandsentforheavyworkB.illegalhunterscapturethemandkillthemC.theyareattackedandtheirlandgetslimitedD.dogsoftenbarkatthemandchasethem68.ThepassagestartswithanelephantstoryinordertoexplainthatinIndia_________.A.peopleeasilyfallvictimtoelephants'attacksB.theman-elephantrelationshipisgettingworseC.elephanttamersareinshortsupplyD.dogsareaspowerfulaselephants(B)Trevor,C.O.,Lansford,B.andBlack,J.W.,2004,"Employeeturnover(人事變更)andjobperformance:monitoringtheinfluencesofsalarygrowthandpromotion",JournalofArmchairPsychology,vol.113,no.1,pp.56-64.InthisarticleTrevoretal.reviewtheinfluencesofpayandjobopportunitiesinrespectofjobperformance,turnoverratesandemployees'jobattitude.Theauthorsusedatagainedthroughorganizationalsurveysofblue-chipcompaniesinVancouver,Canadatotrytoidentifythemaincauseofemployeeturnoverandwhetheritislinkedtosalarygrowth.Theirresearchfocusesonassessingarangeofpaystructuressuchaspayforperformanceandorganizationalrewardplans.ThearticleisusefulasTrevoretal.suggestthattherearenumerousreasonsforemployeeturnoverandavarietyofdifferencesinemployees'jobattitudeandperformance.Themainlimitationofthearticleisthatthesurveysamplewasrestrictedtomid-levelmanagement,thustheauthorsindicatethatfurther,moreextensiveresearchneedstobeundertakentodevelopamorein-depthunderstandingofemployeeturnoverandjobperformance.Asthisarticlewaspublishedinaprofessionaljournal,thefindingscanbeconsideredreliable.Itwillbeusefuladditionalinformationfortheresearchonpaystructures.Trevor,C.O.,Lansford,B.andBlack,J.W.,2004,"Employeeturnover(人事變更)andjobperformance:monitoringtheinfluencesofsalarygrowthandpromotion",JournalofArmchairPsychology,vol.113,no.1,pp.56-64.InthisarticleTrevoretal.reviewtheinfluencesofpayandjobopportunitiesinrespectofjobperformance,turnoverratesandemployees'jobattitude.Theauthorsusedatagainedthroughorganizationalsurveysofblue-chipcompaniesinVancouver,Canadatotrytoidentifythemaincauseofemployeeturnoverandwhetheritislinkedtosalarygrowth.Theirresearchfocusesonassessingarangeofpaystructuressuchaspayforperformanceandorganizationalrewardplans.ThearticleisusefulasTrevoretal.suggestthattherearenumerousreasonsforemployeeturnoverandavarietyofdifferencesinemployees'jobattitudeandperformance.Themainlimitationofthearticleisthatthesurveysamplewasrestrictedtomid-levelmanagement,thustheauthorsindicatethatfurther,moreextensiveresearchneedstobeundertakentodevelopamorein-depthunderstandingofemployeeturnoverandjobperformance.Asthisarticlewaspublishedinaprofessionaljournal,thefindingscanbeconsideredreliable.Itwillbeusefuladditionalinformationfortheresearchonpaystructures.69.TheresearchpaperpublishedisprimarilyconcernedwithA.thewayofpreventingemployeeturnoverB.methodsofimprovingemployeeperformanceC.factorsaffectingemployeeturnoverandperformanceD.paystructuresbasedonemployeeperformance70.Asismentionedinthecard,thelimitationoftheresearchpapermainlyliesinthat.A.thedataanalysisishardlyreliableB.theresearchsampleisnotwideenoughC.thefindingsareofnopracticalvalueD.theresearchmethodisout-of-date71.Whomightbemostinterestedinthispieceofinformation?A.Jobhunters.B.Employeesinblue-chipcompanies.C.Mid-levelmanagers.D.Researchersonemployeeturnover.(C)The2023LondonOlympicshadenoughproblemstoworryabout.Butonemorehasjustbeenadded-acommunicationsblackoutcausedbysolarstorms.AfteraperiodofcalmwithintheSun,scientistshavedetectedthesignsofafleshcycleofsunspotsthatcouldpeakin2023,justintimeforthearrivaloftheOlympictorchinLondon.NowscientistsbelievethatthispeakcouldresultinvastsolarexplosionsthatcouldthrowbillionsoftonsofchargedmattertowardstheEarth,causingstrongsolarstormsthatcouldjamthetelecommunicationssatellitesandinteractlinkssendingfiveOlympicbroadcastfromLondon."TheSun'sactivityhasastronginfluenceontheEarth.TheOlympicscouldbeinthemiddleofthenextsolarmaximumwhichcouldaffectthefunctionsofcommunicationssatellites,"saidProfessorRichardHarrison,headofspacephysicsattheRutherfordAppletonLaboratoryinOxfordshire.Atthepeakofthecycle,violentoutburstscalledcoronalmassejections(日冕物質(zhì)拋射)occurintheSun'satmosphere,throwingoutgreatquantitiesofelectrically-chargedmatter."Acoronalmassejectioncancarryabilliontonsofsolarmaterialintospaceatoveramillionkilometresperhour.Sucheventscanexposeastronautstoadeadlyamount,candisablesatellites,causepowerfailuresonEarthanddisturbcommunications,"ProfessorHarrisonadded.Theriskisgreatestduringasolarmaximumwhenthereisthegreatestnumberofsunspots.NextweekinAmerica,NASAisscheduledtolaunchasatelliteformonitoringsolaractivitycalledtheSolarDynamicsObservatory(SDO),whichwilltakeimagesoftheSunthatare10timesclearerthanthemostadvancedtelevisionsavailable.TheRutherfordAppletonLaboratoryhelpedtomakethehigh-techcamerasthatwillcaptureimagesofthesolarflares(太陽耀斑)andexplosionsastheyoccur.ProfessorRichardHoldaway,thelab'sdirector,saidthattheSDOshouldbeabletoprovideearlywarningofasolarflareorexplosionbigenoughtoaffectsatellitecommunicationsonEarth"Ifwehaveadvancewarning,we'llbeabletoreducethedamage.Whatyoudon'twantisthingsswitchingoffforaweekwithnoideaofwhat'scausedtheproblem,"hesaid.72.Thephrase"communicationsblackout"inparagraph1mostprobablyreferstoduringthe2023Olympics.A.theextinguishingoftheOlympictorchB.thecollapseofbroadcastingsystemsC.thetransportationbreakdowninLondonD.thedestructionofweathersatellites73.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthesolaractivitydescribedinthepassage?A.ThemostfatalmatterfromthecoronafallsontoEarth.B.Thesolarstormpeakoccursinthemiddleofeachcycle.C.IttakesseveralsecondsforthechargedmattertoreachEarth.D.Thenumberofsunspotsdeclinesaftercoronalmassejections.74.Accordingtothepassage,NASAwilllaunchasatelliteto__A.takeimagesofthesolarsystemB.provideearlywarningofthunderstormsC.keeptrackofsolaractivitiesD.improvethecommunicationsonEarth75.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.SolarStorms:AnInvisibleKillerB.SolarStorms:EarthEnvironmentinDangerC.SolarStorms:ThreateningtheHumanRaceD.SolarStorms:HumanActivitiestoBeTroubledSectionCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandchoosethemostsuitableheadingfromA-Fforeachparagraph.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneed.A.DrugoveruseanditsconsequenceB.TheproblemofdrugoveruseinAmericaC.BenefitsofmedicineanditswiseuseDFemaledrugoverusewithreferencetothatofmalesEMisuseofmedicineamongtheyounggenerationF.Improperuseofmedicineamongseniorcitizens76.Nowadays.millionsofpeoplemisuseandevenoverusepainmedicationsandotherdrugs.ResearchbytheAmericanNationalInstituteonDrugAbuse(NIDA,1999)showsthataround2%ofthepopulationoverage12wereusingdrugsnon-medically.77.NIDAviewsmedicationsasapowerfulforceforgoodinthecontemporaryworld.Theyreduceandremovepainformillionsofpeoplesufferingfromillnessanddisease.Theymakeitpossiblefordoctorstoperformcomplicatedsurgerytosavelives.Manypeopleafflictedbyseriousmedicalconditionsareabletocontroltheirsymptomsandbecomeactive,contributingcitizens.NIDApointsoutthatmostindividualswhotakethesedragsusetheminaresponsible.78.Nevertheless.overuseofdrugssuchasopioids,centralnervoussystem(CNS)depressantsandstimulantsdoesleadtoharmfulrelianceinsomepeopleandisthereforebecomingaseriouspublichealthconcern.Althoughthisabuseaffectsmanypeopleworldwide,particulartrendsofconcerntothemedicalprofessionintheUSappearamongolderadults,teenagersaridwomen.79.Thoughitmaybeasurprisetomany,themisuseofmedicationsmaybethemostcommonformofdrugabuseamongtheelderly.DrKennethSchraderofDukeUniversity,NorthCarolinastatesthatalthoughtheelderlyrepresentabout13%oftheUSpopulation,thoseaged65andoveraccountfortheconsumptionofonethirdofalldrugs.Peopleinthisagegroupusemedicationsroughlythreetimesmorethanthegeneralpopulationandhavepoorercompliancewithinstructionforuse.Inanotherstudyofelderlypatientsadmittedtotreatmentprograms,70%werewomenwhohadoverusedmedicines.80.Unfortunately,thistrendamongwomendoesnotonlyaffectthoseagedoverIngeneral,amongwomenandmenwhoareusingeitherananti-anxietydrugorasedative,womenaretwiceaslikelytobecomeaddicted.Inaddition,statisticscompiledfor12-17yearoldsshowthatteenagegirlsaremorelikelythanteenageboystobeginoverusingpsychotherapeuticmedicationsuchaspainkillers,tranquillisers,stimulantsandsedatives.SectionDDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Physed(physicaleducation)ismakingacomebackasapartoftheschoolcorecurriculum(核心課程),butwithadifference.Whilegroupsportsarestillpartofthecurriculum,thenewwayistoteachskillsthatareusefulbeyondgymclass.Insteadoflearninghowtoclimbarope,childrenaretaughttoliftweights,balancetheirdietsandbuildphysicalendurance.Inthisway,kidsaregiventhetoolsandskillsandexperiencessotheycanleadaphysicallyactivelifetherestoftheirlife.Consideringthat15percentofAmericanchildren6to18areoverweight,supporterssaymoremoneyandthoughtmustbeputintophysedcurriculum.Inmanycases,thatmaymeannotjustreplacingtheoldgym-classmodelwithfitnessprogramsbutalsostartingupphysedprogramsbecauseschoolboardsoften"putP.E.onthechoppingblock,cuttingitentirelyordecreasingitsteachersorthedaysitisoffered,"saysAliciaMoag-Stahlberg,theexecutivedirectorofActionforHealthKids.Thedifferenceinphysedprogramsispartlyduetothelackofanationalstandard."Physicaleducationneedstobepartofthecorecurriculum,"sheadded.Thewisdomofthenewapproachhassomescientificsupport.Researchersatthe
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