初級課程-課件陰性尾及命令式

NamoTassaBhagavatoarahatoSammāsambuddhassaBuddha?

sara?a?gacchāmi;Dhamma?sara?a?gacchāmi;Sa?gha?sara?a?gacchāmi.第十六課：名詞陰性i-尾及動詞命令式Imperativesati,正念,記憶mindfulness,memory。名詞陰性i-尾sati

陰性字干,

i

尾 單

復主格/呼格

sati

satī,satiyo

對格

sati?

satī,satiyo

具格/從格

satiyā

satīhi為格/屬格

satiyā

satīna?

處格

satiya?,satiyā

satīsu

相似變格的名詞：

ratti=夜晚night

a?guli=手指finger

vu??hi=雨rain asani=閃電lightning

ya??hi=棍stick

kitti=名譽famevuddhi=增加increase

khanti=

忍耐patience

rati=執(zhí)著attachment

iddhi=神通psychicpower vimutti

=解脫liberationpassaddhi=輕安calmness

santi=平靜peacebodhi=覺悟enlightenment

名詞陰性ī尾nārī=女人

woman

單

復主格/呼格

nārī

nārī,nāriyo

對格

nāri?

nārī,nāriyo

具格/從格

nāriyā

nārīhi為格/屬格

nāriyā

nārīna?

處格

nāriya?,nāriyā

nārīsu相似變格的名詞：kumārī=小女孩

rājinī=皇后brāhma?ī=婆羅門女

bhaginī=姊妹devī=女神,皇后

migī=雌鹿nadī=河動詞命令式ImperativeTense動詞命令式或稱祈使句由動詞現(xiàn)在式構(gòu)成，有少許的變化。 單 復第三人稱 bhavatu bhavantu第二人稱

bhava bhavatha第一人稱

bhavāmi bhavāma第一人稱的單復數(shù)、第二人稱的復數(shù)與現(xiàn)在式尾綴一樣，第二人稱單數(shù)接近詞根而顯示沒變化，有時，會加hi，而a會變成長音，成為bhavāhi。以下的動詞及第七類動詞，通常伴隨hi的變化：jīv jīvāhi (你)??！i ehi (你)來！vad vadehi (你)說！命令式表達命令、禁止、邀請或祈愿。例如ehipassiko，這是邀請，請來看看。命令式動詞通常會在句子之首,但有時亦會在句尾或句中:bhavatusabbama?gala?rakkhantusabbadevatā,

sabbabuddhānubhāvenasadāsotthībhavantute.(suma?galagāthā)

以下是命令式常見的動詞：hotu=愿他是letitbe

rakkhatu=愿他保護lethimprotectkarotu=愿他做lethimdo

bhāsatu=愿他說lethimspeakbhu?jatu

=愿他吃lethimeatgacchatu=愿他去lethimgo練習一1.sāvatthi?pi??āyapāvisi2.bhagavāāyasmatāānandenasaddhi?3.ekamanta?nisīdi4.tva?eva?vadesi5.dukkha?vāsukha?vā6.aha?ta?passāmi7.bhikkhupūjeti8.su?antudhamma?9.bhagavāgayāya?viharati10.bhagavatāsaddhi?sammodi

練習二1.buddhobhagavārājagaheviharatigijjhakū?epabbate2.desetubhagavādhamma?,desetusugatodhamma?3.bhagavāsāvatthiya?pi??āyacaritvā4.icchāmidāna?cadātu?,dhamma?casotu?,bhikkhūcapassitu5.eka?samaya?bhagavāsāvatthiya?viharatijetavaneanāthapi??ikassaārāme.6.devatārattiyājetavana?obhāsetvā.7.upasa?kamitvābhagavanta?abhivādetvāekamanta?a??hāsi.8.Athakhobhagavānātikeyathābhiranta?viharitvāāyasmanta?ānanda?āmantesi-“āyāmānanda,yenavesālītenupasa?kamissāmā”ti.a那個巴利詞是主格?

b.通格viharitvā的受詞是yathābhiranta?或āyasmanta?ānanda??c.那個巴利詞是對應bhagavā的動詞?那是什么的時態(tài)?d.āyāmānanda在此句中是什么格?e.*請翻譯此句:bhagavā

āyasmanta?ānanda?āmantesi-“āyāmānanda,yenavesālītenupasa?kamissāmā”ti.(yena....tenupasa?kamissāmā:yena....tenaupasa?kamati,向某處行近)9.“Eva?,bhante”tikhoāyasmāānandobhagavatopaccassosi.Athakhobhagavāmahatābhikkhusa?ghenasaddhi?yenavesālītadavasari.a.句中的

ti表示什么?b.Eva?,bhante是那一類詞類?意思是什么?c.paccassosi是什么時態(tài)、人稱與數(shù)?d.請翻譯bhagavāmahatā(大的)bhikkhusa?ghenasaddhi?e.vesālī在此句中是什么格?10.Athakhobhagavā–seyyathāpināmabalavāpurisosami?jita?vābāha?pasāreyya,pasārita?vābāha?sami?jeyya,evameva–ga?gāyānadiyāorimatīreantarahitopārimatīrepaccu??hāsisaddhi?bhikkhusa?ghena.a.Athakhobhagavāga?gāyanadiyāorimatīreantarahitopārimatīrepaccu??hāsisaddhi?bhikkhusa?ghena.在這句中,那個是主格?

b.動詞是什么?什么時態(tài)、人稱、數(shù)?c.此句有四個處格,那四個?d.

seyyathāpināmabalavāpurisosami?jita?vābāha?pasāreyya,pasārita?vābāha?sami?jeyya,evameva–

在這句中，那個是主格?e.Athakhobhagavā–seyyathāpināmabalavāpurisosami?jita?vābāha?pasāreyya,pasārita?vābāha?sami?jeyya,evame