2018北京高考英語(yǔ)真題含答案

2018年高考英語(yǔ)真題卷（北京卷）一、單項(xiàng)填空（2018?北京）一Hi,I'mPeter.Areyounewhere?Ihaven'tseenyouaround?—Hello,Peter.I'mBob.IjustonMonday.A.start B.havestarted C.started D.hadstarted（2018?北京）wedon'tstopclimatechange,manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbegone.A.AlthoughB.WhileC.IfD.Until（2018?北京）alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.A.Travel B.Traveling C.Havingtraveled D.Traveled（2018?北京）Susanhadquitherwell-paidjobandasavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.A.isworking B.wasworking C.hasworked D.hadworked（2018?北京）Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,helpsthemkeepfit.A.which B.who C.as D.that（2018?北京）DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogetherameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.A.share B.toshare C.havingshared D.shared（2018?北京）China'shigh-speedrailwaysfrom9,000to25,000kilometersinthepastfewyears.A.aregrowing B.havegrown C.willgrow D.hadgrown（2018?北京）Inanyunsafesituation,simplythebuttonandahighly-trainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.A.pressB.topressC.pressingD.pressed（2018?北京）Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhointhemountainsfortwodays.A.aretrappingB.havebeentrappedC.weretrappingD.hadbeentrapped（2018?北京）Ordinarysoap,correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.A.used B.touse C.using D.use（2018?北京）Withouthissupport,wewouldn'tbewearenow.A.how B.when C.where D.why（2018?北京）Intoday'sinformationage,thelossofdatacauseseriousproblemsforacompany.A.needB.shouldC.canD.must（2018?北京）Theymighthavefoundabetterhoteliftheyafewmorekilometers.A.drove B.woulddrive C.weretodrive D.haddriven（2018^北京）一Goodmorning,Mr.Lee'soffice.—Goodmorning.I'dliketomakeanappointmentnextWednesdayafternoon.A.for B.on C.in D.at（2018?北京）Thisismyfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.A.how B.which C.that D.what二、完形填空（2018?北京）完形填空TheHomelessHeroFormany,findinganunattendedwalletfilledwith￡400incashwouldbeasource（來源）oftemptation（誘惑）.Butthe1wouldnodoubtbegreaterifyouwerelivingonthestreetswithlittlefoodandmoney.AllofthismakestheactionsofthehomelessTomSmith2moreremarkable.Afterspottinga3onthefrontseatinsideaparkedcarwithitswindowdown,hestoodguardintherainforabouttwohourswaitingforthe4toreturn.Afterhoursinthecoldandwet,he5insideandpulledthewalletouthopingtofindsomeIDsohecouldcontact（聯(lián)系）thedriver,onlyto6itcontained￡400innotes,withanother￡50insparechangebesideit.Hethentookthewallettoanearbypolicestationafter7anotebehindtolettheownerknowitwassafe.Whenthecar'sownerJohnAndersonandhiscolleagueCarolLawrencereturnedtothecar—whichwasitselfworth￡35,000—inGlasgowcitycentre,theywere8tofindtwopolicemenstandingnexttoit.ThepolicementoldthemwhatMr.Smithdidandthatthewalletwas9.ThepairwerelaterabletothankMr.Smithforhis10.Mr.Andersonsaid：＂Icouldn'tbelievethattheguynevertookapenny.Tothinkheissleepingonthestreetstonight11hecouldhavestolenthemoneyandpaidforaplacetostayin.Thisguyhasnothingand12hedidn'ttakethewalletforhimself；hethoughtaboutothers13.It'sunbelievable.Itjustprovesthereare14guysoutthere.”Mr.Smith'sact15muchofthepublic'sattention.HealsowonpraisefromsocialmediausersafterMr.Anderson16abouttheactofkindnessonFacebook.NowMr.Andersonhassetupanonlinecampaignto17moneyforMr.Smithandotherhomelesspeopleinthearea,whichbyyesterdayhadreceived￡8,000."Ithinkthefaiththateveryonehasshown18himhastouchedhim.Peoplehavebeenapproachinghiminthestreet;he'shadjob19andallsorts,"Mr.Andersoncommented.ForMr.Smith,thisisapossiblelife-changing20.Thestoryonceagaintellsusthatonegoodturndeservesanother.1.A.hopeB.aimC.urgeD.effort2.A.stillB.evenC.everD.once3.A.walletB.bagC.boxD.parcel4.A.partnerB.colleagueC.ownerD.policeman5.A.turnedB.hidC.steppedD.reached6.A.discoverB.collectC.checkD.believe7.A.takingB.leavingC.readingD.writing8.A.satisfiedB.excitedC.amusedD.shocked9.A.safeB.missingC.foundD.seen10.A.serviceB.supportC.kindnessD.encouragement11.A.whenB.ifC.whereD.because12.A.ratherB.yetC.alreadyD.just13.A.tooB.thoughC.againD.instead14.A.honestB.politeC.richD.generous15.A.gaveB.paidC.castD.drew16.A.learnedB.postedC.caredD.heard17.A.borrowB.raiseC.saveD.earn18.A.ofB.atC.forD.in19.A.detailsB.changesC.offersD.applications20.A.lessonB.adventureC.chanceD.challenge三、閱讀理解（2018北京）閱讀理解AMyFirstMarathon（馬拉松）Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn'tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas＂notathletic＂.TheideathatIwas＂notathletic＂stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn'tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces（鞋帶）becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted!Atmile3,Ipassedasign:＂GOFORIT,RUNNERS!＂Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.Bymile21,Iwasstarving!AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗標(biāo)簽),Icannowcallmyselfa"marathonwinner".Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor.A.waswelltrainedB.feltscaredC.madeuphismindtorunD.losthopeWhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?A.Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.B.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.D.Toshareapreciousmemory.Howwastheauthor'sfirstmarathon?A.Hemadeit.B.Hequithalfway.C.Hegotthefirstprize.D.Hewalkedtotheend.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?A.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.B.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess. D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.(2018北京)閱讀理解BFindYourAdventureattheSpaceandAviation(航空)CenterIfyou'relookingforauniqueadventure,theSpaceandAviationCenter(SAC)istheplacetobe.TheCenteroffersprogramsdesignedtochallengeandinspirewithhands-ontasksandlotsoffun.Morethan750,000havegraduatedfromSAC,withmanyseekingemploymentinengineering,aviation,education,medicineandawidevarietyofotherprofessions.Theycometocamp,wantingtoknowwhatitisliketobeanastronautorapilot,andtheyleavewithreal-worldapplicationsforwhatthey'restudyingintheclassroom.Forthetrainees,theprogramsalsoofferagreatwaytoearnmeritbadges(榮譽(yù)徽章).AtSpaceCamp,traineescanearntheirSpaceExplorationbadgeastheybuildandfiremodelrockets,learnaboutspacetasksandtrysimulated(模擬)flyingtospacewiththecrewfromallovertheworld.TheAviationChallengeprogramgivestraineesthechancetoearntheirAviationbadge.Theylearntheprinciplesofflightandtesttheiroperatingskillsinthecockpit(駕駛艙)ofavarietyofflightsimulators.TraineesalsogetagoodstartontheirWildernessSurvivalbadgeastheylearnaboutwater-andland-survivalthroughdesignedtasksandtheirsearchandrescueof"downed"pilot.Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearntheimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask.Allthisfunisavailableforages9to18.Familiescanenjoytheexperiencetogether,too,withFamilyCampprogramsforfamilieswithchildrenasyoungas7.Stayanhourorstayaweek—thereissomethinghereforeveryone!Formoredetails,pleasevisitusonlineat.WhydopeoplecometoSAC?A.Toexperienceadventures. B.Tolookforjobsinaviation.C.Togetadegreeinengineering. D.Tolearnmoreaboutmedicine.ToearnaSpaceExplorationbadge,atraineeneedsto.A.flytospace B.getanAviationbadgefirstC.studytheprinciplesofflight D.buildandfiremodelrocketsWhatisthemostimportantfortrainees?A.Leadership. B.Teamspirit. C.Taskplanning. D.Survivalskills.(2018?北京)閱讀理解CPlastic-EatingWormsrenterwaxmnihHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋場(chǎng))，andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms'chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊狀物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromtheworms'stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms'abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic."Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,"sheexplains,"Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond."JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(腸道微生物)？Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam'sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply"millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic."Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.C.Theycanconsumeplastics. D.Theywindupinlandfills.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto.A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdown B.findoutthesourceoftheenzymeC.confirmtheresearchfindings D.increasethebreakdownspeedItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight.A.helptoraiseworms B.helpmakeplasticbagsC.beusedtocleantheoceans D.beproducedinfactoriesinfutureWhatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms. B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.（2018?北京）閱讀理解DPreparingCitiesforRobotCarsThepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist'sdream,yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilforcompaniestotesttrulyself-drivingcarsonpublicroads.Thestatealsoclearedthewayforcompaniestosellorrentoutself-drivingcars,andforcompaniestooperatedriverlesstaxiservices.California,itshouldbenoted,isn'tleadingthewayhere.Companieshavebeentestingtheirvehiclesincitiesacrossthecountry.It'shardtopredictwhendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars（andrightfullyso）,policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissions（排放）andoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.Thearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomakesurethatthosevehiclesareenvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared.Dowewanttocopy—orevenworsen—thetrafficoftodaywithdriverlesscars?Imagineafuturewheremostadultsownindividualself-drivingvehicles.Theytoleratelong,slowjourneystoandfromworkonpackedhighwaysbecausetheycanwork,entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride,whichencouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheirdriverlesscartoanappointmentandsettheemptyvehicletocirclethebuildingtoavoidpayingforparking.Insteadofwalkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedrycleaning,theysendtheself-drivingminibus.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeopletotakepublictransport—anunwelcomesideeffectresearchershavealreadyfoundinride-hailing（叫車）services.AstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol-poweredprivatecarsworldwidewithelectric,self-drivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbonemissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostoftransportationinfrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedbyride-hailingservices,consideringthecostofself-drivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues（責(zé)任與維護(hù)問題）.Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology.Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn'textendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.Accordingtotheauthor,attentionshouldbepaidtohowdriverlesscarscan.A.helpdealwithtransportation-relatedproblemsB.providebetterservicestocustomersC.causedamagetoourenvironment D.makesomepeoplelosejobsAsfordriverlesscars,whatistheauthor'smajorconcern?A.Safety. B.Sideeffects. C.Affordability. D.Management.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"fielded"inParagraph4probablymean?A.Employed. B.Replaced. C.Shared. D.Reduced.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothefutureofself-drivingcars?A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Disapproving. D.Sympathetic.四、任務(wù)型閱讀(2018北京)任務(wù)型閱讀WhyDoWeGetAngry?Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit,butthecausesofangerarevarious.Knowingthesecausescanmakeusexamineourbehavior,andcorrectbadhabits.Themainreasonswegetangryaretriggering(觸發(fā))events,personalitytraits(特征)，andourassessmentofsituations.Triggeringeventsforangeraresomanythattodescribethemallwouldtakehundredsofpages.However,herearesomeexamples:beingcutoffintraffic,adeadlineapproaching,experiencingphysicalpain,andmuchmore.Thereasonwhysomeoneistriggeredbysomethingandothersarenotisoftenduetoone'spersonalhistoryandpsychologicaltraits.Eachperson,nomatterwhotheyare,haspsychologicalimbalances.Peoplewhohavepersonalitytraitsthatconnectwithcompetitivenessandlowupsettolerancearemuchmorelikelytogetangry.Also,sometimespre-angerdoesnothavetodowithalastingcondition,butratheratemporarystatebeforeatriggeringeventhasoccurred.Sometimesevenroutineoccurrencesbecomesourcesofpre-anger,orangeritself.Sometimesignoranceandnegative(消極的)out100ksonsituationscancreateanger.However,angercaneasilyturnviolent,anditisbesttoknowthereasonsforangertoappearinordertopreventitspresence.Withthesemainreasonsinmind,wecanevaluateourlevelofangerthroughoutthedayandpreventcasesofoutburstsbycomprehendingthereasonsforourfeelings.Ourattitudeandviewpointonsituationscancreateangerwithinusaswell.Butsometypesofsituationscanhelpustogetridoftheoccurrenceofanger.Angerisrarelylookeduponasabeneficialcharactertrait,andisusuallyadvisedtoreduceit.Angerisaparticularlystrongfeelingandmaybepeoplethinkthattheyhavereasonstofeelangry.Havingthesepersonalitytraitsimpliesthepre-angerstate,whereangerisinthebackgroundofyourmind.Understandingthesereasonswillcontrolourownangerifwearewillingtoevaluateourselveswithacriticaleye.Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponsetoevents,andthatiswhywhattriggersonepersonmayormaynottriggeranother.五、書面表達(dá)（2018?北京）假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華，你的英國(guó)朋友Jim在給你的郵件中提到他對(duì)中國(guó)文化感興趣，計(jì)劃明年來北京上大學(xué)。他向你咨詢相關(guān)信息。請(qǐng)給他回郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1）表示歡迎；2）推薦他上哪所大學(xué)；3）建議他做哪些準(zhǔn)備工作。注意：1）詞數(shù)不少于50；2）開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearJim,Yours,LiHua23.（2018?北京）假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華，請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，寫一篇英文周記，記述你們上周接待外國(guó)學(xué)生，帶領(lǐng)他們體驗(yàn)中國(guó)茶文化的全過程。

注意：詞數(shù)不少于60。答案解析部分一、單項(xiàng)填空1.C2.C3.B4.B5.A6.B7.B8.A9.D10.A11.C12.C13.D14.A15.D二、完形填空.（1）C；（2）B；（3）A；（4）C；（5）D；（6）A；（7）B；（8）D；（9）A；（10）C；（11）A；（12）B；（13）D；（14）A；（15）D；（16）B；（17）B；（18）D；（19）C；（20）C；三、閱讀理解.（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）B.（1）A（2）D（3）B.（1）C（2）B（3）D（4）C.（1）A（2）D（3）A（4）B四、任務(wù)型閱讀.F；G；E；A；D五、書面表達(dá).DearJim,I'msogladtohearyourfutureeducationplaninBeijinginyourlastletter.FirstIwouldliketoexpressmywarmestwelcometoyoua