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短文改錯(cuò)自2007年以來,全國(guó)卷共24篇短文改錯(cuò),究竟考了什么?請(qǐng)看下表:考情表解見資料P16

卷別:“標(biāo)”指新課標(biāo)卷,“綱”指大綱卷。新課標(biāo)卷,按句改,共10處錯(cuò)誤;大綱卷按行改,10行中有9行有錯(cuò),即9處錯(cuò)誤,1行正確,本書中一律將其改為按句改,補(bǔ)充了1處錯(cuò)誤,也是10處錯(cuò)誤。

謂語:指謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。

詞性:考查不同詞類的不同用法,與語法填空中的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換考點(diǎn)相同。說明:辨析:只考here與there,some與any,ago與before等十分常見的詞之間的混用(詳見“備考要點(diǎn)”的“考點(diǎn)10”),這些詞是稍有語感、不講自會(huì)的,千萬別走入過去凡遇近義詞必辨的誤區(qū)。其他:指不便歸于某一語法項(xiàng)目的考點(diǎn)。2014課標(biāo)卷I——somewhere→everywhere2014課標(biāo)卷II——They→There(therebe句型寫成theybe)2014大綱卷——shouldableto→shouldbeableto(漏掉be,因able是形容詞,不能作謂語,加be)2013課標(biāo)卷I——remember…much→remember…well/clearly(習(xí)慣修飾語,記得清楚,而非記得非常。)2013課標(biāo)卷II——wasdrank→wasdrunk(過去分詞拼寫錯(cuò)誤)2013大綱卷——stand→standup(漏掉up)2012課標(biāo)卷——dowrong→gowrong(可列到辨析類)2012大綱卷I——cutoff→cutdown(語境意義)2011大綱卷I——thinkover→thinkof(語境意義)2011大綱卷II——so+adj.+that…寫成somuch+adj.+that…(如此……以致……);morethanhappy寫成了betterthanhappy(非常高興)命題特點(diǎn)⑴用來命題的短文內(nèi)容與學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)生活非常貼近,好像就是學(xué)生的習(xí)作。⑵長(zhǎng)度均在100詞左右。⑶這些材料都是記敘文。⑷新課標(biāo)卷的設(shè)題通常是:1處多1個(gè)詞,1處少1個(gè)詞,8處錯(cuò)1個(gè)詞。⑸需要添加或刪除的詞通常是冠詞、介詞、連詞、不定式符號(hào)、助動(dòng)詞、物主代詞等。⑹需要變形的詞通常是名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞。⑺所有考點(diǎn)都是最基本的語法知識(shí)、最常用的單詞和短語的意義與用法,以及邏輯意義的連貫。沒有超出中學(xué)課本中講的語法內(nèi)容。即只要掌握課本中講的語法就足以應(yīng)對(duì)考試了。短文改錯(cuò)與語法填空的異同:相同:主要考點(diǎn)基本相同。如:⑴名詞、代詞、冠詞、介詞、連詞。⑵時(shí)態(tài)一致、主謂一致、非謂語動(dòng)詞、詞類用法、比較等級(jí)。以上兩個(gè)方面分別對(duì)應(yīng)語法填空的純空格題和給詞題。相異:不相同的有兩點(diǎn)。⑴十分常用的詞的用法辨析。⑵不便歸納的其他項(xiàng)目。備考指南(十大考點(diǎn))從上表可以看出,短文改錯(cuò)的考點(diǎn)與語法填空的考點(diǎn)除“辨析”與“其他”外,是相同的。原來語法填空15分不變,現(xiàn)在又增加主要考查語法的短文改錯(cuò)15分(其中,12分到13.5分是語法),毫無疑問,語法比以往重要多了。值得注意的是,我們既不要淡化語法,因?yàn)闆]有語法就沒有準(zhǔn)確的英語;也不要深化語法,深化了就會(huì)步入語言學(xué)習(xí)的誤區(qū),使本來生動(dòng)活潑的語言變得枯燥乏味,失去學(xué)習(xí)語言的興趣。對(duì)此,命題人對(duì)語法的把握是適度的,只考最基本的語法,只考最常用詞匯的用法,大多數(shù)在初中和小學(xué)就已學(xué)過了,只要經(jīng)常閱讀,增強(qiáng)語法意識(shí),都是些無師自通的內(nèi)容。備考策略:在平時(shí)的寫作練習(xí)中,養(yǎng)成跟同桌或同學(xué)互改的習(xí)慣;老師批改后的作文要認(rèn)真思考:錯(cuò)了哪些,為什么老師這樣批改。備考內(nèi)容:主要從以下十個(gè)方面入手。考點(diǎn)1:名詞的數(shù)與格⑴在several,few,many,oneof,acoupleof,three,oneandahalf,alargenumberof,scoresof,dozensof等詞語后,或雖沒有這些詞但語境提示我們,本應(yīng)接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞的,但文中卻用了單數(shù)。如:Forexample,wecandoreadingforoneandahalfhourand…(hour→hours)[2014課標(biāo)II]⑵像advice,fun,homework,information,news,progress,equipment,furniture,baggage,luggage,jewellery,clothing等不可數(shù)名詞是沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式的,但在文中卻用了復(fù)數(shù)。如:Itfeltverystrangetotravelwithoutanyluggages.(luggages→luggage)[2011課標(biāo)]⑶本應(yīng)用名詞的所有格的,但文中沒有用。如:WhenIfinallyarrivedatmyfriendhelentmelotsofclothes.(myfriend→myfriend’s)[2011課標(biāo)]考點(diǎn)2:指代一致⑴上下文的人稱不一致。如:Thankyouverymuchforshowingthemaroundyourcityandprovidinguswiththewonderfulmeals.(them→us)[2011大綱]⑵上下文的單復(fù)數(shù)不一致。如:…bothofthemhavesimilarideas…Otherwise,itisimpossibleforhim

tohelpeachotherandtomaketheirfriendshiplastlong.(him→them)[2014大綱]⑶上下文的性別不一致。如:Beforeherleaving,Ipreparedagifttoshowmybestwishestohim.Shesaid…(him→her)[2010大綱]⑷人稱代詞格的誤用。如:LiMing’sparentsinvitedItospendtwowonderfulweeksinQingdaowiththem…(I→me)[2007課標(biāo)]⑸人稱代詞、反身代詞、疑問代詞等的錯(cuò)用。如:Hehadadeepvoice,whichsethimselfapartfromothers…(從句主語which是指thevoice,這種聲音使“他”與別人分離,故改himself為him)[2013課標(biāo)I]考點(diǎn)3:冠詞⑴基本用法:?jiǎn)螖?shù)可數(shù)名詞前,表示“一個(gè)/段/座/本”等時(shí)要用a或an;表示特指時(shí)用the。如:Inotherwords,wewouldbeseparatedforlongtime.(longtime→alongtime)[2010大綱]Manycountriesintheworldfindtheydon’thaveenoughwater.Todealwithaproblem,Ithink,weshould…(a→the,特指上文提到缺少“這個(gè)”問題)[2012大綱]SowhenIhavetheproblem,Iwillturntoherforhelp.(the→a)[2013大綱]⑵固定短語中多用或少用冠詞。如:Inafact,heevenscaredmyclassmatesaway…(Inafact→Infact)[2013課標(biāo)I]Asresult,theplantsaregrowingeverywhere.(Asresult→Asaresult)[2014課標(biāo)]考點(diǎn)4:介詞⑴常用介詞的錯(cuò)用。如:Therefore,wehavemoretimewithafter-schoolactivities.(timeforsth.做某事的時(shí)間)[2014課標(biāo)II]⑵固定詞組中的介詞誤用。如:…andwiththehelpbyourfather,mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes…(withthehelpof在……的幫助下)[2014課標(biāo)I]⑶固定詞組中的介詞漏用。如:Wecanlieonthegrassforarest,orsitbythelakelisteningmusic.(listento聽)[2014課標(biāo)II]考點(diǎn)5:連詞⑴although/though/while不與but連用;since/as/because不與so連用。如:Althoughweallowtomatoplantstogrowinthesameplaceyearafteryear,but

wehaveneverhadanydisease…(去掉but或改為yet)[2014課標(biāo)I]⑵and與but用混。這是考得最多的微考點(diǎn)。如:Themorefriendswehave,themorewecanlearnfromoneanother,butthemorepleasurewecansharetogether.(but→and,前后沒有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)[2014大綱]⑶and與or。AllIhadtodowastowriteastoryorpresentit.(or→and)[2010大綱]What’smore,wecangotoworkbybikeonceandtwiceaweek…(and→or)[2012大綱]⑷so與or。Wewerewarnednottocheatagainsoshewouldneedtoseeourparents.(so因此→or否則)[2013四川]⑸after與before。Beforewaitingforabouthalfanhour,Iwasbeginningtogetimpatient.(Before→After邏輯)[2013陜西]⑹which與what。Thatiswhichotherteacherssay.(which→what所……的)[2013遼寧]⑺多用或少用連詞。如:Withlittlesleepandhardlyanybreak,soheworksfrommorningtillnight.(去掉so)[2013遼寧]Soiftheyhadsaidwastrue,Iwouldhaveachanceofwinningtheprize.(if后加what)[2010大綱]⑻錯(cuò)用that引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。如:Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.(that→which)[2013課標(biāo)II]考點(diǎn)6:時(shí)態(tài)一致⑴上下文的謂語動(dòng)詞都是過去時(shí),突然出現(xiàn)一個(gè)現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:Sheusedtoholdme…Iwas

onlyfourwhenshepassesaway.(passes→passed)[2013課標(biāo)I]⑵上下文的謂語動(dòng)詞都是過去時(shí),突然出現(xiàn)一個(gè)現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:Sincethen,wehadbeenallowingtomatoestoself-seedwheretheyplease.Asaresult,theplantsaregrowingeverywhere.(had→has)[2014課標(biāo)I]此外,無論是謂語動(dòng)詞還是非謂語動(dòng)詞,都要注意在平行結(jié)構(gòu)中,動(dòng)詞形式的一致性,即“平行一致”。如在AandB或A,BandC中,A,B,C的形式要一致。如:…bothofthemhavesimilarideasandtrustingeachother(trusting→trust)[2014大綱]考點(diǎn)7:主謂一致⑴行為動(dòng)詞:主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),行為動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),其后加s。可記作:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),三單加s。主語不是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用原形,過去時(shí)一般加ed。如:Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.(look→looks,主語是Mydreamschool)[2014課標(biāo)II]⑵have動(dòng)詞:主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),have的現(xiàn)在時(shí)(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí))用has。主語不是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),現(xiàn)在時(shí)用have,過去時(shí)用had。LiMing,togetherwithhisparents,havegoneabroad.(have→has,主語是LiMing,注意:withsb.或togetherwithsb.等介詞短語是不能作主語的)⑶be動(dòng)詞:主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),be的現(xiàn)在時(shí)(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))用is,過去時(shí)(一般過去時(shí),過去進(jìn)行時(shí))用was。主語是I,用am或was;主語是you或復(fù)數(shù),用are或were。如:…theonlyclothesIhadwasthoseIhadon.(was→were,主語是theonlyclothes)[2011課標(biāo)]考點(diǎn)8:非謂語動(dòng)詞一般說來,句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞,再出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞,其前面又沒有并列連詞時(shí),該動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞。我們應(yīng)根據(jù)該非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中所作句子成分,以及它與邏輯主語的關(guān)系,來確定用具體的形式。⑴作主語或賓語不能用動(dòng)詞原形,通常改為ing形式或不定式。因在短文改錯(cuò)中,只能改一個(gè)詞,如果主語是原形,就只能改為ing形式了。如:Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner…(Have→Having)[2013課標(biāo)II]⑵熟記其后只能接ing或只能接todo作賓語的動(dòng)詞。如:Lastyear,shedecided

studyabroad.(study→tostudy,因decidetodosth.)[2010大綱]⑶介詞后要用動(dòng)詞的ing形式。注意區(qū)分to是介詞還是不定式符號(hào)。如:He

isn’tgoodat

talkbuthegetsonwellwithotherpeople.(talk→talking,在介詞at后)[2013大綱]Ilookforwardto

seeheragaininthenearfuture.(see→seeing,在介詞to后)[2010大綱]⑷一些固定短語或句式中的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。如:Sheusedto

holdingmeonherknees…(holding→hold,因usedtodosth.)[2013課標(biāo)I]Well,Ihadbetterto

stopnow.(tostop→stop,因hadbetterdosth.)[2009課標(biāo)]…maketheirfriendshiptolastlong.(tolast→last,因makesb.dosth.)[2014大綱]⑸根據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語的關(guān)系來確定用-ing形式還是用-ed形式。如:Wesatbythefire,haveourbarbecue.(have→having,因we與have是主動(dòng)關(guān)系)[2014陜西]Felthungry,webuiltafirebythelake…(Felt→Feeling,因we與feel是主動(dòng)關(guān)系)[2013陜西]⑹別混淆謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞。如:…butItriedhardtodoit.Suddenly,Mary,mybestfriend,askingmetolethercopymyanswers.(去掉同位語mybestfriend,顯然,主語是Mary,謂語是ask,由前句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)可知,用一般過去時(shí),故改asking為asked)[2013四川]考點(diǎn)9:詞類的用法⑴作定語、表語、補(bǔ)語,用形容詞但短文中卻用了副詞或名詞。如:Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost!(wonderfully→wonderful,作tomatoes的定語)[2014課標(biāo)I]Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtaste.(taste→tasty,作表語)[2014課標(biāo)I]Ifoundthetestdifficulty,butItriedhardtodoit.(difficulty→difficult作補(bǔ)語)[2013四川]⑵作狀語,修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、全句,用副詞但短文中卻用了形容詞。如:Interesting,ithadaconnectionwiththeBritishporcelain(瓷器)industry.(Interesting→Interestingly,修飾全句)[2013課標(biāo)II]Itwasrealaniceexperience.(real→really,修飾動(dòng)詞was)[2011大綱II]⑶作主語、賓語,用名詞但短文中卻用了形容詞、動(dòng)詞等。如:Hehasruinedhishealthy.(healthy→health,作ruined的賓語)[2013遼寧]Thismadeforthegrowintheporcelainindustry.(grow→growth,作介詞for的賓語)[2013課標(biāo)II]⑷-ed與-ing形容詞的用法區(qū)別:-ing令人……的(多為事);-ed(人)感到……的。如:Iamawfullytiring(tiring→tired,因我感到累)[2013浙江]MyfriendNicktoldmeastoryabouthisexperiencebackintheUS,whichwasveryinterested.(interested→interesting,指他的故事是“令人有趣的”)[2010課標(biāo)]考點(diǎn)10:常用詞辨析只考here與there,some與any,ago與before,many與much,verymuch與very或much,beside與besides,ever與never,either與neither,usedtodosth.與beusedto(doing)sth.等十分常見的詞語之間的辨析。千萬別遇到近義詞就辨析,步入復(fù)習(xí)的岐途。如:Nearlyfiveyearsbefore,…mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes…(before→ago,相對(duì)說話時(shí)多久以前,用ago;相對(duì)過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作在多久之前才用before)[2014課標(biāo)I]Wedon’tneedtodosomanyhomework.(many→much,修飾不可數(shù)名詞homework,用much)[2014課標(biāo)II]Thefruitsaresmall…Therearesomuchthatweoftensharethemwithourneighbors.(much→many,替代可數(shù)名詞fruits,用many)[2014課標(biāo)I]Beside,Cleotendstobarkanaverageofsixhoursaday.(Beside→Besides,因beside是介詞,意為“在……的旁邊”;而besides作介詞時(shí),意為“除……之外”,作副詞,意為“此外,而且”。注意,凡是介詞,其后一定有賓語。而此處沒有賓語,一定是用副詞)[2014遼寧]凡是用一兩句話辨別不清的,或者說老師也要查資料才能弄清楚的,甚至去年查過資料,今年又得查資料才講得清楚的那些所謂的同義詞或近義詞之間的辨析,是絕對(duì)不會(huì)考的。萬萬不可在這里浪費(fèi)時(shí)間,用辨析的這幾分鐘去多讀一遍英語短文或故事,享受其中的快樂吧。再次提醒:此外,多用be或少用be是寫作中常見的錯(cuò)誤,因此短文改錯(cuò)中可能出現(xiàn)。記?。鹤髦^語的是行為動(dòng)詞時(shí),如果不是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)或被動(dòng)語態(tài),不用be;如果句中謂語沒有動(dòng)詞,但漢語意思又完整了時(shí),要用be。如:Suddenlythearrowswereflyingdownatusfromthesky—theywerelookedlikerain!(因lookedlike中l(wèi)ooked本身就是系動(dòng)詞,were是多余的,應(yīng)當(dāng)去掉)[2014陜西]Sorealfriendshipshouldabletostandallsortsoftests.(因情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后要接動(dòng)詞原形,而其后的able是形容詞,雖然意義完整,還是要加be)[2014大綱]又如,Iverybusy.(我很忙。)雖然漢語意思完整,但句中busy是形容詞,無動(dòng)詞,要在I后加am。Atthattime,weintheclassroom.(那時(shí)我們?cè)诮淌依铩?雖然漢語意思完整,但句中無動(dòng)詞,要加be,即在we后加were。解題指導(dǎo)解題前,須明確:⑴一個(gè)詞:因只是多一詞、少一詞、錯(cuò)一詞,因此,需要增加、減少、改動(dòng)的都只是一個(gè)詞。⑵四不改:不要求考生改標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)、大小寫、詞序、綱外詞,這四個(gè)方面不必考慮。解題中,可按以下步驟:⑴瀏覽全文,掌握大意。這一步非常重要,涉及單詞和短語意思的題,以及上下文邏輯是否通順的改連詞的題,不明白上下文意思,是改不出來的。在這一步中,如遇到無需思考的明顯錯(cuò)誤,可以直接改過來。⑵分句閱讀,認(rèn)真糾錯(cuò)。逐句閱讀,根據(jù)自己掌握的語法知識(shí)及上下文語義的銜接,結(jié)合上面提到的十個(gè)主要考點(diǎn),認(rèn)真糾錯(cuò)改錯(cuò)。具體思路可參考:動(dòng)詞形,名格數(shù),特別留意形和副;邏輯連詞常常考,冠詞介詞常光顧;代詞注意性數(shù)格,詞組句式須關(guān)注。⑶檢查核對(duì),攻克難點(diǎn)。改完后,再從頭至尾認(rèn)真看一遍,個(gè)別沒有找出來的,對(duì)照考點(diǎn),在這步完成。真題再練假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤,每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加:在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)畫掉。修改:在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線,并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意:

⑴每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞;⑵只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。(編者注:因2014年和2013年的全國(guó)卷中有5篇高考真題,已安排在配套的《閱讀理解微技能與新題型特訓(xùn)》中了,在此不再重復(fù))1.2013大綱卷Inmyfamily,therearethreepeoples.Myfatherishardworkingbutgoestoworkinthe

fieldeveryday.Heisn’tgoodattalkbuthegets

onwellwithotherpeople.Mymotherisverymuchkindandisfriendlytoeverybody.Sowhen

peopleand

talkingIhavetheproblem,Iwillturntoherforhelp.My

friendssayIamclever.Whentheteacherasksusverydifficultyquestions,I’llthinkquicklyand

standtoanswer.Athome,myfatheroftenthinks

I’msilly.HesaidifIdecidetodosomething,it

takeshimmuchtimestostopme.ThisishowIneedtoimproveinthefuture.

upadifficult

saystimewhat改正理由第一句1.peoples→people表示“人”,people本身就是復(fù)數(shù)第二句2.but→and前后意義沒有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系第三句3.talk→talking介詞后用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語第四句4.去掉very后的muchverymuch修飾動(dòng)詞;very修飾形容詞或副詞作者介紹自己的家庭成員,父親、母親和“我”。第五句5.the→a不是特指,是泛指第七句6.difficulty→difficult作定語用形容詞7.在stand后加up詞組:standup站起來第九句8.said→says上下文謂語動(dòng)詞都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)9.times→timetime表示時(shí)間是不可數(shù)名詞第十句10.how→what引導(dǎo)表語從句并在improve的賓語

IlearnedearlyinlifethatIhadtobemorepatientandlittleaggressive.FromthetimeIwas

aboutfouruntilIwasaboutsix,Idestroyedeachofmytoy.Iwashappywhenthetoysworked,butwhenthingsdidwrong,Igotangryandbrokeit.Forawhile,parentsboughtmenewtoys.2.2012課標(biāo)卷mylesstoyswentthemButbeforelong,theybegantoseewhichwashappening.WhenItearapartmyfifthbirthdaytoytrain,myfathersaid,“That’sit.Nomoretoystoyou.”Mypunishmentlastedayear.Meanwhile,Ifoundoutthatwithmorepatience,Imustmakemytoystolast.Myattitudechangedfromthenon.whattoreforcould/might作者回憶自己很小時(shí)就學(xué)會(huì)了要耐心。改正理由第一句1.little→less由前面的morepatient可知第二句2.toy→toys玩具不止一個(gè),用復(fù)數(shù)第三句3.did→went比較:dowrong作惡,犯罪;gowrong(機(jī)器)出故障(與work相對(duì))4.it→them指代前句中的thetoys第四句5.parents前加my表示“我的”父母第五句6.which→what引導(dǎo)賓語從句并要從句中作主語,表示“所……的事(thethingthat)”,用what第七句7.tear→tore上下文謂語都是用一般過去時(shí)第九句8.to→for比較:引出接受某物的人,用for;在某些動(dòng)詞后引出間接賓語時(shí)才用to第十句9.must→could/might更有耐心,才“可以”讓玩具持續(xù)更久10.去掉last前的to固定:makesb.dosth.使某人做某事Everyoneofuscanmakeagreateffortstocutofftheuseofenergyinourcountry.Tobeginwith,allofuscanstartreducingtotheuseofoilbydrivingonlywhenwehavearealneed.Thatwon’tbeeasy,Iknow,butwehavetostartanywhere.What’smore,wecangotoworkbybikeonceand3.2012大綱卷Idownsomewhereortwiceaweek,andwecanalsobuysmallercarsthatburnlittleoil.Otherwayistowatchoureverydayuseofwaterandelectricathome.Forexample,howmanytimeshaveyouwalkedoutofaroomandleavethelightsortelevisionwhennooneelsewasthere?onlesselectricityAnotherleft本文主要講在日常生活中如何節(jié)能。改正理由第一句1.去掉efforts前的a復(fù)數(shù)名詞前不用a2.off→down是“減少”而非“切斷”使用能源第二句3.去掉reducing后的toreduce(減少)是vt.,直接接賓語第三句4.anywhere→somewhere肯定句中用somewhere,指我們必須從“某處”著手

第四句5.and→oronceortwice一兩次,偶爾6.little→less由前面的smaller可知,車“更小”耗油“更少”第五句7.Other→Another單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前用another(另一)8.electric→electricity作of的賓語,用名詞第六句9.leave→left與walked并列,用過去分詞10.在when前加on搭配:leave…on(讓……開著)DearEditor,I’mwritingtotellyouopinionaboutwatersaving.Waterisimportant.We,aswellasanimal,cannotlivewithoutwaterandneitheragricultureorindustrycangowithoutit.Yetitseemedwaterisbecominglessandless.4.2012大綱卷IImyanimalsnorseemsManycountriesintheworldfindwedon’thaveenoughwater.Todealwithaproblem,Ithink,weshouldfirstgoallouttoplanttreesthoughtreeswillhelpsavewater.Next,notdrinkingwatershouldbeleftrunning.theythe/thisthatbecause/since/asnoThird,weshouldfindwaystoreusethewaterusinginwashing,especiallybathwater,forwhichisquitealot,andthatwillsavemuchwater.Sincerely,LiHuaused作者談?wù)摿俗约簩?duì)節(jié)水的看法與節(jié)水的建議。改正理由第一句1.you后加my將“我的”看法告訴你2.animal→animals用復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指第三句3.or→nor固定搭配:neither…nor第四句4.seemed→seems上下文都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第五句5.we→they指“世界上許多國(guó)家”用they第六句6.a→the/this/that特指上文提到的缺水“這個(gè)”問題7.though→because/since/as樹能保水是種樹的原因第七句8.not→no修飾名詞drinkingwater用形容詞no第八句9.using→used水“被用”,用過去分詞作后置定語10.去掉which前的forwhich在定語從句中作主語,“for+關(guān)系代詞”是不能作主語的Mysummertravelstartedterribly.IwasattheShanghaiRailwayStationbuyatickettoHangzhou.Iwasgoingtovisitafriendhere,andafterthat,IwouldgotoXiamenforlongholiday.Iboughtmyticketbutturnedaroundtopickupmybagfromthefloor,andthenIrealizedthatsomeonehadstolenit.5.2011課標(biāo)卷abuyingthereandLuckily,Ihadallmymoneyonmypocket,buttheonlyclothesIhadwasthoseIhadon.Itfeltverystrangetotravelwithoutanyluggages.WhenIfinallyarrivedatmyfriendhelenttomelotsofclothes.IfeelveryhappythatIcouldchangemyclothesatlast.inwereluggagefriend’sfelt記述作者一次旅行開始時(shí)被偷走了行李,后來朋友送了衣服給作者,他感到很開心。1.buy→buying因句中已有謂語(was…),動(dòng)詞buy應(yīng)為非謂語,因I與buy是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用-ing形式作狀語。2.here→there習(xí)慣上說“去那里”“來這里”即gothere,comehere,而不說“去這里”“來那里”。3.在for后加a因可數(shù)名詞holiday是單數(shù),前面應(yīng)有限定詞;表示“一個(gè)”長(zhǎng)假,填a,與foralongtime類似。4.but→and因“買票”與“轉(zhuǎn)身”是先后緊接著發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作,順承關(guān)系,無轉(zhuǎn)折意義,故用and。5.on→in錢“在口袋里”,用in。6.was→were句中(that)Ihad是定語從句,主句主語是clothes,復(fù)數(shù),故was改用were,才主謂一致。7.luggages→luggage因luggage或baggage(行李)是不可數(shù)名,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。表示幾件行李,要借用piece,如“三件行李”說threepiecesofluggage。8.friend→friend’s指到達(dá)“我朋友的家(myfriend’shome)”,其中home可省略。又如:abutcher’s(shop)肉鋪,atailor’(shop)裁縫店,abarber’s(shop)理發(fā)店,adoctor’s(office)診所,mysister’s(home)我姐姐家,其中shop,office,home等表示處所的詞都可以省略,直接用名詞所有格表示。9.去掉lent后的to由lendsb.sth.(借給某人某物)可知,不用to。但如果將sth.放到前面,則用to,即lendsth.tosb.。10.feel→felt上文謂語動(dòng)詞都是用一般過去時(shí),而feel卻用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不一致。OneofmyunforgettablememoryofmyschoolinXinjiangisthatofluncheswebroughtfromourhomes.Iholdmylunch-boxinmyhandwhenIwasgoingtoschool.Thesmellfromitwasverygood.Sincethelunchbellfinallyrang,myfriendsandImetunderatalltreeandhadourlunches.6.2011大綱卷Ithe

memories

heldWhenMybestfriend,Aigulie,wasusedtoshareherNangtome.NangisaspeciallykindofcakeinXinjiang.Ilikethemverymuch.NowAigulie

andIstudyatdifferentcollegesorwecanonlyseeeachotherduringthesummervacation.IthinkoverheralotandImissthefoodandthegoodtimewehadtogether.withspecialitandof

作者對(duì)中學(xué)時(shí)光與當(dāng)時(shí)從家?guī)サ奈绮偷幕貞浥c思念。1.memory→memories因oneof…后面的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2.lunches前加the因lunches后有定語從句修飾,特指從家里帶到學(xué)校的午餐。3.hold→held講述過去的事情。4.Since→When表示“當(dāng)午餐的鈴終于響起時(shí)”。5.去掉used前的was因表示“過去常常做某事”,是usedtodosth.。6.to→with因sharesth.withsb.(同某人分享某物)是固定搭配。7.specially→special因kind在這里是名詞,意為“種類”,修飾名詞應(yīng)用形容詞作定語。8.them→it替代前句中的aspeciallykindofcake,是單數(shù)。9.or→and前后不是選擇關(guān)系。10.over→of表示常?!跋肫稹庇胻hinkof。而thinksth.over意為“慎重思考”。DearGeorge,It’sbeenaweekafterweleftyourfamilyandwearenowbackhome.Thankyouverymuchforshowingthemaroundyourcityandprovidingusforthewonderfulmeals.Afterwesaidgoodbyetoyou,wewenttoWashingtonD.C.,wherewestayedforthreedays.7.2011大綱卷IIsinceuswithMybrotherwassomuchfondofthemuseumstherethathebeggedmyparentstostayinganothercoupleofday.However,myfatherhadtoreturntoworkonMondaysoweflybacklastSaturdayafternoon.Itwasrealaniceexperience.Ifyou’dliketomaketriptoourcitysomeday,Iwillbebetterthanhappytobeyourguide.Yours,Mikeamorestaydaysflewreally這作者去George所在市旅游回來后,給George的郵件。1.after→since表示“自從……有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了”的句型是“It’sbeen+時(shí)間段+since…”。2.them→us指代上文的we,即謝謝你帶“我們”游覽你們的城市。3.for→with由providesb.withsth.(=providesth.forsb.給某人提供某物)可知。4.去掉fond前的much因“so+adj.+that…”句型可知,much多余。5.staying→stay由begsb.todosth.(懇求某人做某事)可知。6.day→days表示再呆“幾天”couple,故day用復(fù)數(shù)。7.fly→flew前后謂語都使用一般過去時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該保持一致。8.real→really修飾動(dòng)詞was用副詞作狀語。9.在trip前加a固定詞組:makeatripto去旅行。10.better→more表示“非常高興”是morethanhappy。MyfriendNicktoldmestoryabouthisexperiencebackintheUS,whichwasveryinterested.Onedayhewashavingayardsaleandtheoldmanlivingnextdoorcomebytohelp.Astheoldmanlookedoverthethingsontheyardthatweretobesold,hestoppedataboxofgoldenballforChristmastrees.8.2010課標(biāo)卷ainterestingcameinballsOntheboxwasacardsay:“25centseach.”“Youwillneverselltheseforthatmuch,”hetoldNick.Convinced,Nickhasbroughtthepriceupto10centsapiece.Withoutamoment’sdelay,myneighborpickeduptheboxbutannounced“I’lltakethem”.sayingdownhisand作者講述其朋友Nick回美國(guó)后進(jìn)行庭院舊貨出售時(shí)發(fā)生的一件事。1.story前加a可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)story前加不定冠詞,表示“一個(gè)”故事。2.interested→interesting表示“有趣的”用-ing形容詞。而interested表示人“感興趣的”。3.come→came上下文都是用一般過去時(shí),這里也改為過去時(shí)才一致。4.on→in表示“在庭院里”,說intheyard。5.ball→balls一箱金球,不止一個(gè),用復(fù)數(shù)。6.say→saying已有謂語動(dòng)詞was,所以say(寫有)是非謂語動(dòng)詞;又因acard與say是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用-ing形式,作定語。順便提提,這是倒裝句,主語acard的定語太長(zhǎng),為避免頭重腳輕,才將表語onthebox提前,用倒裝了,正常語序是Acardsaying…wasonthebox。7.去掉brought前的has因?yàn)樯舷挛亩际怯靡话氵^去時(shí),這里卻用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),去掉has,時(shí)態(tài)才前后一致。8.up→down由25元“降低”到10元一個(gè),故將up改為down。9.my→his由上文可知是指我朋友Nick的鄰居,即“他的”鄰居。10.but→and因“拿起來”與“宣布”是順承關(guān)系,不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。ItwasachanceofalifetimetowinthefirstprizeontheStoryWritingShow.AllIhadtodowastowriteastoryorpresentit.Myteachershavebeentellingmehowgreatlymywritingwas.Soiftheyhadsaidwastrue,Iwouldhaveachanceofwinningtheprize.9.2010大綱卷IwhatinandgreathadWhatwerebetter,Ihadusefulhelp.TherewasUncleChen,gentlemanlivingnearmyhouse,whowasaverymuchfamouswriter.Heagreedtoreadingmystoryandgivemesomeadvicesonhowtowritelikearealwriter.

awasreadadvice本文作者講述寫故事比賽前的情況。1.on→in表示“在比賽中”。2.or→and因“寫一個(gè)故事”與“將它交上去”是先后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作,順承關(guān)系,而不是選擇關(guān)系。3.have→had前后都是用過去時(shí)(一般過去時(shí)),而這里卻用現(xiàn)在時(shí)(現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí))。4.greatly→great在賓語從句中作was的表語,要用形容詞。5.if后加what引導(dǎo)主語從句,作said的賓語,用連接代詞what,意為“他們所說的”。6.were→was主謂一致,因主語what是單數(shù),故改用was。7.gentleman前加a表示“一位”紳士。8.去掉very后的much修飾形容詞作狀語,用very;修飾動(dòng)詞才可能用verymuch。9.reading→read同意做某事是agreetodosth.。10.advices→advice因advice是不可數(shù)名詞,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。Christiewasoneofmybestfriendathighschool.Atthattime,weoftenspendtimetogether.Thanktoherhelp,Imadegreatprogressinmystudy.Lastyear,shedecidedstudyabroad.Inotherwords,wewouldbeseparatedforlongtime.10.2010大綱卷IItoafriendsspentThanksBeforeherleavingoff,Ipreparedagifttoshowmybestwishestohim.Shesaiditwasthebestgiftshehaseverhad.Fromthenon,we’vekepttouchwitheachotherthroughe-mails.Ilookforwardtoseeheragaininthenearfuture.inherhadseeing本文講述中學(xué)時(shí)的一位好朋友去國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)。1.friend→friends在oneof后必定用復(fù)數(shù)名詞。2.spend→spent上下文謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)都是一般過去時(shí)。3.Thank→Thanks固定詞組;thanksto由于,多虧。4.在study前加to由decidetodosth.(決定做某事)可知。5.在longtime前加a表示分開很長(zhǎng)“一段”時(shí)間。6.去掉leaving后的off因表示“離開”是leave,而leaveoff則表示“停止(stop)”。7.him→her由上下文中的she可知朋友是女的,這里突然變成男的了。8.has→had上下文的謂語動(dòng)詞都是用過去時(shí),而這里變成現(xiàn)在時(shí)了(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))。9.在kept后加in固定詞組:keepintouchwithsb.與某人保持聯(lián)系。10.see→seeing因lookforwardto(盼望)中的to是介詞,后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。11.2009課標(biāo)卷DearMrs.Winthorp,Somyfirstweekatcollegeisover!NolecturesthismorningsoIthinkI’demailyouandletyouknowwhatthingsaregoing.I’mgladtosaythatanythinghasworkedoutfineinthedorm.Irememberaskingforaroomasfarawayfromtheliftsaspossibleandtheyfindmeacomfortableoneonsecondfloor.howeverythingfoundtheTherearetwogirlsfrommycoursehereandIplantomakefriendwiththemsothatwecanhelpeachotheronthecoursework.Everyoneelseseemsveryniceandwarmlyhere.Well,Ihadbettertostopnow.I’mgoingtoattendminefirstlessonthisafternoon,forI’vegotsomepreparationstomake.Keepintouch.Best,Carolfriendswithwarmmyso作者剛到一個(gè)新的學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí),給Mrs

Winthorp寫的一封信,告知近況。1.what→how賓語從句中的going是不及物動(dòng)詞,不能跟賓語,不用代詞what,而要用副詞;意思是告訴你“情況如何(how)”。2.anything→everything因anything常用于否定疑問句中,這里不合適;作者是想說,很高興告訴你,“一切(everything)”都很好。3.find→found由語境可知,是“找到”了。4.second前加the序數(shù)詞前要用定冠詞。5.friend→friends與他們交朋友,應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。6.on→with由helpsb.withsth.可知。7.warmly→warm與形容詞nice并列,一起作表語,故都用形容詞。8.去掉to因hadbetterdosth.固定句式。9.mine→my在名詞前作定語要用形容詞性物主代詞,指“我的(my)”第一堂課。10.for→so前因后果,應(yīng)用so表示“因此”。Afterfiveyearsawayinmyhometown,IfindthattheneighborhoodwhichIusedtolivinginhaschangedalot.TheSichuanRestaurantandtheolderfishshopacrossthestreetfromourmiddleschoolweregone.Thereexistnowaparkthathasasmallriverrunningthrough.12.2009大綱卷IfromliveoldareexistsThefactoryatthecornerofFriendshipStreetandZhongshanRoadhasbeenmovedoutthecity,andsportscenterhasbeenbuiltintheirplace.ThemarketatthecornerofFriendshipStreetandXinhuaRoadhasbeengivenwaytoasupermarket.Besidesthebookstorenexttoourmiddleschoolisstillthere.itsButof

a本文作者描述的是家鄉(xiāng)的變化。1.in→from離某處多久或多遠(yuǎn),用awayfrom。2.living→live表示“過去常常做某事”是usedtodosth.。3.older→old沒有比較對(duì)象。4.were→are由上下文中的find,haschanged等可知,用的是現(xiàn)在時(shí),指現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)變了,四川餐館和老魚店現(xiàn)在不見了。5.exist→exists因thereexists…是therebe變體,是倒裝句式,主語是apark,第三人稱單數(shù),所以用exists。6.在out后加ofmoveoutof…固定用法。7.在sportscenter前加a指建了“一座”體育中心。8.their→its指原來那家工廠所在的地方。9.去掉given前的been主語Themarket與givewayto(讓位給)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,去掉been。10.Besides→But前面句子描述的是變了,后面是說書店依然在那,即前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。HiSusan,I’msorrythatIwasn’tabletoreturntoyourbikeontimeyesterday.Imeantogiveitbacktoyoubeforefourintheafternoon,andIwashelduponmywayback.JustbeforeIturnedcornerofParkStreet,Ihappenedtoseeanaccident.13.2009大綱卷IIthemeantbutAlittlegirlwashurtedandhismotherneededhelp.SoIhelpedthemgoingtothenearesthospital.Istayedhereforoneandahalfhourandmadesurethatthegirlwasallright.WhenIgotback,itwerealready6pm.Ihopeyouunderstand.Thankyou!LiLingwashurthergotherehours作者向Susan解釋昨天沒有準(zhǔn)時(shí)還自行車的原因。1.去掉return后的to因return作“歸還(某物)”解,是及物動(dòng)詞,后面直接接賓語,所以去掉to。如果說“把某物還給某人”則說returnsth.tosb.。2.mean→meant由下文可知,是對(duì)昨天情況的回顧,用一般過去時(shí),指昨天“本打算”。3.and→but因“打算四點(diǎn)前還”與“被阻在路上”是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。4.在corner前加the特指ParkStreet的轉(zhuǎn)角處。5.hurted→hurt因hurt的過去分詞、過去式與原形是相同的,即hurt—hurt—hurt。6.his→her指代不一致,應(yīng)是指前面提到的“那個(gè)女孩的”媽媽。7.going→go由helpsb.dosth.可知。8.here→there

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