醫(yī)學(xué)國際會議

English

for

InternationalAcademicCommunicationIntroductionOvertheLanguageCompetence

VS.

PerformancePsychologyPressureDistressAnxietySocial&.Cultural:Whatistosay?Whatisnottosay?Howtomakeaconversationgo?TheproperwaytoexpressyourideaTounderstandtherealmeaninginasentenceI.HowtoObtainConferenceInformation

1.Journals,magazines,circulars,callforpapers,specializedacademicjournalsandnewsletterscarryingup-to-dateinformation2.Computersearches3.MeetingAnnouncementsPeriodicals

4.WritingtoOrganizationsorEmail5.MakingTel.callsMeetingAnnouncementsPeriodicals綜合性會議預(yù)報期刊(各學(xué)科的世界性會議)WorldMeetings:UnitedStatesandCanada美加地區(qū)世界會議WorldMeetings:OutsideU.S.&Canada美加以外地區(qū)世界會議(這兩個刊物均是權(quán)威的McMillanPublishingCo.出版的，每期預(yù)報的會議一般都在5,000個以上)AnnualInternationalCongressCalendar國際年會要覽，預(yù)告十年內(nèi)的學(xué)術(shù)會議YearBookofInternationalOrganization國際組織年鑒內(nèi)容，預(yù)告詳細InternationalAssociation國際協(xié)會月刊，英、法文版，(以上三份為歐洲主編)WorldConventionDates世界會議日期預(yù)告 (美國出版)ScientificMeetings (美國出版)學(xué)術(shù)會議II.Mainconferenceforms(1)

Meeting–會議的總稱，可指正式也可非正式，規(guī)模大小時間長短，人數(shù)多少均無明顯的介限。系一普通詞。(2)

Conference(of/on)–正式名稱，常指專業(yè)性的學(xué)術(shù)會議。國際會議常用這個詞，在前加一個International即可。(3)Symposium(on)–專題學(xué)術(shù)討論會，比Conference規(guī)模小一些，范圍窄一些，但具體些。一個Conference里可包括多個Symposium。政治上的會就可用Conference(political)但一般不用Symposium.Symposium–Ameetingwhereexpertsdiscussaparticularsubject.E.g.aSymposiumonProtectingEnvironmentConference–Alargemeetingoftenlastsafewdayswherepeoplecometodiscussideas.E.g.AnInternationalConferenceontheControlofIllegalDrugs;AnAnnualConference(4)Convention–多為政治性會議

(5)Forum–論壇，討論會。由某一領(lǐng)域的專家學(xué)者參加，圍繞一個內(nèi)容發(fā)表演講并回答問題，展開討論。(6)Seminar(on)–也稱研討會，講習(xí)班，講座。與一般會議不同之處是邀請某一領(lǐng)域的一個或多個專家主講，其他人員聽，具有明顯的講學(xué)授課特點。(7)Workshop–專題討論會，分組討論會，

中文也可稱為研討會(會中會)。特點在不須講理論而是動手，演示，這是大多數(shù)大型會議都有的分組討論，如醫(yī)學(xué)會議中胸外科小組，消化小組，內(nèi)分泌小組討論會等等

(8)

其它– AdvancedCourse (高級班)SpecialPanel (專題討論會)Exhibition (展覽會)TradeExhibition (展銷會)RoundTable (圓桌會議)School (進修班)等等OrganizingUnitOrganizerandsponsorSecretariatOrganizingCommittee/LogisticsCommitteeMainactivitiesMeetingPlenarysessionKeynotesession(fulllengthpaper)ParallelsessionpanelsessionOralsession(fulllengthpaper)/postersession(abstractorfull-lengthpaperoncommunicationboard)Research-in-progresssessionDiscussion/Question&AnswerSession

OtherScientificexhibitionBusinessMeetingTeapartySightseeingSocialActivitiesIII.LetterWriting

詢問常用句型用于句首：Iamwritingtoyouinconnectionwith…Iamwritingtoyouwithreferenceto…Iwasveryinterestedtoseeyouradvertisementin…詢問信息：Iwouldbegratefulifyoucould(would)sendme…?Could(Would)youpleasegivedetailsof…?Iwouldliketoknow…ResumeorCurriculumVitae1Personaldata2Education3Workingexperience4PublicationandPresentation5Affiliation(membership)6Honor7LanguageSkills8HobbiesandInterests9Reference(referee)

Fillouttravelingdocuments1.Passportapplication2.Visaapplicationa.F-1_F-2b.J-1_J-2c.B-1d.H-1

護照，至少有效期為6個月以上1-20表格(由持有人親自簽名)，所謂1-20表格即為“資格證書”，即“經(jīng)濟擔?！盕inancialSponsorship入學(xué)通知：Admissionletter和獎學(xué)金通知:Assistantshipnotification中英文官方成績單學(xué)位/學(xué)歷證書非移民簽證申請表F-1GRE,TOEFL官方成績非移民簽證申請表收據(jù)。原為405元RMB，2003年起為595元RMB。交錢后可領(lǐng)到DS-156收據(jù)。財力證明(銀行出具)，如獲獎學(xué)金者勿須此項有時簽證官還要你出示身份證，結(jié)婚證，房屋證，戶口薄乃至學(xué)術(shù)論文，因此盡可能將個人有關(guān)的資料一次帶全備用，否則又將推遲三個月或半年。F-2a. 護照—有效期至少6個月(小孩也要辦理)b.己在美國持有F-1簽證親屬的1-20表格(經(jīng)濟擔保)c.去美國探望親屬的邀請函d.DS-156表格(非移民簽證申請表)e.非移民簽證申請費收據(jù)f.有時簽證官還要你出具證明你探視期滿會回國的證明文件如財產(chǎn)證，高收入工作單位證明，銀行存款證明等J-1護照(有效期至少6個月)IAP-66表格(訪學(xué)資格證明書)，由接受方(贊助方)發(fā)出學(xué)位/學(xué)歷證書論文/著作邀請函DS-156表格(非移民簽證的申請表)DS-156表格非移民簽證的申請費收據(jù)J-2與F－2同Readyanswersforvisaofficer(1)Whydoyouselectthisschool?(2)Whydoyoulovethismajor?(3)Whatisyoursalary?(4)HowmuchwillyouearnafteryoureceiveyourPhDdegreeandreturntoChina?(5)Howcanyouconvincemethatyou’llcomeback?(6)Tellmewhyyou’llcomeback.(7)Whywereyourefused(rejected)lasttime?(8)WillyourwifegototheUSwithyou?Whyorwhynot?(9)What’syourplanafteryoufinishtheprogramintheU.S.?(10)Howmanyuniversitieshaveyouappliedfor?Note:1.Takedocumentswithyouincaseofcheck.2.ENTRYCLEARANCEforU.K.application.IV.HowtoOrallyPresentScientificPapers1．OptimizingthePsychology

2．ControllingtheVoice

3．AdjustingStagewise

Tobeginyourpresentation1.BeginwithstraightforwardnessE.g.a.Mr.Chairman,LadiesandGentlemen,thetitleofmypresentationis…b.First,I’dliketotellyoubrieflythebackgroundofmypaperandthenpresentmythreehypotheses…c.I’mverygladtohavetheopportunityofreportingmyresearchonsuchanoccasion.I’llnowtalkabout…

2.Beginwithappreciation3.Beginwithwitsandhumors4.Beginwithbackgroundintroduction5.Waysofdeliverya)speakingwithoutanyreferenceb)speakingwithshortnotesc)speakingfromtheoutlined)readingthefulltext報告人登臺演講之前，主席通常要對報告人先作一簡單介紹，報告人聽后，在宣讀論文前應(yīng)簡單致謝，然后再轉(zhuǎn)入主題。學(xué)術(shù)會議是件嚴肅的事，但也有輕松風趣的時刻?？茖W(xué)家大多不僅學(xué)有專長，還多才多藝，說起話來灰諧幽默，妙趣橫生，特別是在前一個人發(fā)言結(jié)束，下一個發(fā)言人剛上場時，會場較輕松，因此在此氣氛下作一個生動活撥風趣出眾的開場也是不錯的。幽默要得體，最好與主題有關(guān)!通常宣讀者就是論文作者或作者之一，但因某種原因作者本人不能參加，或原作者想推出年輕人而委托他去宣讀，因此在宣讀前應(yīng)征得會議主持人的同意，必要時還需向聽眾作簡要說明。演講中常用口語UsualstartersTobeginwith,wemaysay…Tostartwith,I’lltellyou…Iwanttobeginbysaying…ThefirstthingIwanttosayis…First,wemust…ConnectivesNext,webegtopointoutthat…Thenextpointwemustmakeis…Anotherthingis…Iwanttomakeonemorepoint…Secondly,we’llexplain…Then,wecanobtain…Thesecondpointis…Thereisstillanotherthing…Usualfussywords/evasivetagsSomethinglike…Asortof…It’sakindofthing(thatweoftenencounterinourmedicalpractice)…Imean…Well,ehm’eh,now…Hereyousee,youknow…I’mafraid…IsupposeIthinkI’msureasyouknowAsamatteroffact,ItgoeswithoutsayingSotospeakTomakealongstoryshortItis+adj./p.p.ItisadvisableItisapparentItisavailableItisclear/evidentItisconceivableItiscertainItisdesirableItisnotable Itispreferable Itisagreedthat Itisdemonstrated Itwillbesaidthat Itisenumerated Itisreported Itisreviewed

ItisessentialItisenoughItisnoticed Itisoutlined Itisassumed Itiswell-known Itiscalculated Itisestimated 句式變化及特點1.Shortsentences2.Longsentences長短變化Shortsentence:e.g.Warishell.Timeflies!Punctualityisthethiefoftime.Longsentence:e.g.FewthemeshavegrippedtheimaginationofAmericanssointenselyasthediscoveryofthetalentinunexpectedplaces—theslumchildwhoshowsscientificgenius,thefrailyoungsterwhodevelopsathleticability,thepoorchildwhobecomesacaptainofindustry.Alternationofshortandlongsentences.長短結(jié)合e.g.InthelasttwodecadestherehasoccurredaseriesofchangesinAmericanlife,theextent,durability,andsignificanceofwhichnoonehasyetmeasured.Noonecan.Ifwereadofonemanrobbed,ormurdered,orkilledbyaccident,oronehouseburned,oronevesselwrecked,oronesteamboatblownup,oronecowrunoverontheWesternRailroad,oronemaddogkilled,oronelostofgrasshoppersinthewinter,weneverneedreadofanother.Oneisenough.EventhoughBritain’spopulationisnotgrowingveryfast,thenumberofnewhousesandflatsbuilteveryyearisnotquiteenoughtomeetthedemand.Consequently,pricesrise.(1)Cumulativesentences(loosesentences)e.g.Thewriterssatathisdesk,hisfingersfrozen,hislipsagrim,straightline,hiseyesstaringatthewhitesheetofpaperbeforehim.修辭變化(2)periodicsentencese.g.Pullingmytieoffandthrowingitontothesofa,stretchingandsighingwiththeeaseofhomecoming,listeningtothefamiliarsilenceoftheplace,Ifelt—asusual—thewelcomingpeaceunlockthetensionsofmyoutsideworld.c.f.ShedecidedtostudyEnglishthoughshewasinterestedinmusic.Althoughshewasinterestedinmusic,shefinallydecidedtostudyEnglish.(5a)Insteadofmorphine,thepatientwasgivenopium.(5b)Insteadofmorphine,opiumwasgiventothepatient.Theprincipleofend-focuspredictsthatthereaderwillfind(5a)a‘happier’sentencethan(5b)俗語的運用及英語表達口蜜腹劍調(diào)虎離山攻其不備粗枝大葉Cf.WithbigbranchesandlargeleavesTobecrudeandcareless揚眉吐氣Cf.ToraisetheeyebrowsandletoutabreathTofeelproudandelatedExamples我要有個三長兩短，你給玉山捎個話！劉雨生……把老謝的話，一五一十，告訴了鄧秀梅和李月輝。不學(xué)無術(shù)長吁短嘆斷子絕孫充耳不聞Toturnadeafearto赴湯蹈火Togothroughfireandwater亂七八糟Atsixesandsevens揮金如土Tospendmoneylikewater掌上明珠Theappleofone’seyes對牛彈琴Tocastpearlsbeforeswine她一個單身人，無親無故。Version:Butthisgirlwasallbyherselfandfarfromhome,withoutasinglerelativeorfriendtohelpher.

司馬昭之心，固已路人皆知。Version:ThisSimaZhaotrickisobvioustoeverymaninthestreet.(Note:SimaZhaowasaprimeministerofWei(220-265)whonursedasecretambitiontousurpthethrone.Theemperoronceremarked:“SimaZhao’sintentionisobvioustoeverymaninthestreet.)EstablishingaCreative“FinishingOff”Thefinalpartofthepresentationshouldinclude:Aclearsignalthatyouareabouttoend.Abrief,clearsummaryofwhatyouhavesaid.Aconclusionorrecommendation(ifappropriate).Aninvitationforquestionsorcommentstostartadiscussion.(Thiscanbedonebythechairperson.)Transitionstointroducethebeginningoftheendpart:Inconclusion,…Inclosing,…Inaword,…Inbrief,…Allinall,…Finally,…1.Anordinaryway:-That’sall,thankyou.-That’stheendofmypresentation.-Somuchformyspeech,thankyou.2.Signalingthebeginningoftheendpart:-Let’slookatwhatIhavetalkedabout.-Well,thatbringsmetotheendofmypresentation.ThislastslideisabriefsummaryofwhatIhavetalkedabout.-BeforeIstop/finish,letmyjustsay…-Toclosemyspeech,I’llshowyouthelastslide.3.Summarizing:Letmejustrunoverthekeypointsagain.I’llbrieflysummarizethemainissues.Tosumup…Briefly…Insummary,definiteevidencehasbeenobtainedindicatingtheexistenceofaradio-activesubstanceinthesample.NowI’dliketosummarizemytalk.Tosummarize,Ihavetalkedaboutthreeaspectsofthecancerproblem:…Finally,asasummarystatement,IwouldliketosumupthemajorpointsIhavemade.4.Concluding:

Asyoucansee,therearesomeverygoodreasons…Tosumup,myconclusionisthatthepresentprogramisthebestone.Inconclusion…Letmeconcludemytalkwiththefollowingcomment.Allowmetoconcludebylistingoutallthefactorsinfluencingtheefficacy.Inconclusion,Iwouldliketopointoutthefollowingaspects.I’dliketoleaveyouwiththefollowingconclusion.5.Quoting:LetmeclosebyquotingDr.Einstein,thefamousphysicist,whosaidthat…IwouldliketocometoaclosebyquotingwhatSirIssacNewtononcesaid…6.RecommendingTherefore,Iwouldsuggestthatwe…I’dliketosuggest…AsfarasI’mconcerned,theonlysolutiontotheproblemis…7.ClosingThankyouforyourattention.Thankyouforlistening.8.InvitingQuestionsSo,let’sthrowitopentoquestions.NowI’dliketoansweranyquestions,ifyouhaveany.NowIamreadytoansweryouquestion,ifany.I’dbegladtotryandansweranyquestions.Anyquestions?Designsomewaystointroducetheresults:Thenewassessmentmethodofanimalmodelofchoroidalneovasculation(CNV)isfeasibleandreliableEndoscopyisthepreferredmethodforthediagnosisandtreatmentoftheuppergastrointestinalbleeding.weshouldtakeappropriatepreventivemeasuresinaccordancewiththepatient'sspecificsituationintheclinicalwork,soastopreventtheoccurrenceofdepressionindrugusersreceivingmethadonemaintenancetreatment.VisualAids1.titleofthepaper,author,affiliation2.literaturereview3.conciseoutline4.bodypartsNote:Aslideshouldfocusononeidea.Keepslidessimplewithplentyofopenspace.Format:1.usenomorethan4fontsinapresentation.2.boldtextisbetterthanunderlinedtextforemphasis.3.lightbackgroundsforprojectedslides;darkbackgroundsforcomputerslides.4.eachslidecanhaveatmost3colors.Youshouldavoid:1.avoidusingchartortablesfulloffiguresinslide.2.avoidusingverbalscraps.(butsentencescanbeincompleteones)3.avoidredandgreenletteralltogether4.avoidstandinginfrontofthescreentopointatanobjectwithfingers.V.ToChair/Presideovermeetings1.(President)announcingtheopeningoftheconferenceE.g.I’dliketocalltheconferencetoorder. Iamverypleased/veryhonored/verydelightedtodeclaretheXXconferenceopen. OnbehalfoftheXXconference,Ihavethepleasureandhonorofwelcomingallofyoutothisconference.2.Makingaself-introductionFirstofall,I’llintroducemyself.I’mXXfrom…IamXX,chairmanofthisconference.ThisconferenceisorganizedbyXXandco-sponsoredbyXXFoundationandotherorganizations.

3.MakingashortwelcomingspeechIamhonoredtohavetheopportunitytowelcomeyoualltoXXandjoininthisopeningceremony. Asthechairmanofthisconference,Ihavethepleasureandhonorofwelcomingallofyoutothisconference. ItiswithaprofoundfeelingofpleasureandprivilegethatI,onbehalfoftheOrganizingCommitteeofthisconference,extendaheartywelcometoyouall,especiallytothemanydistinguishedguestsfromabroad.4.DON’TforgettointroducetheprogramandexpressgoodwishesHowtomakeameetinggo1.CallontheParticipantsArethereanyquestionsabouthistalk?Aswestillhaveafewminutesleft,mayIaskifthereareanyquestionsandcomments?Youappeartohavesomeobjectionsregardingthismatter,couldyoupleasetelluswhatyouthinkaboutit?IsthereanyonewhowishestoaddsomethingtoProf.XX’spresentation?2.RemindthespeakerCouldyoupleasemakeyourpointmoreconcretely/directly?Itseemstomewe’vegonetoofarforthatpoint.Let’sgobacktoourtheme.I’mafraidthatwhathasjustbeensaidfallsabitbeyondtherangeofourpresenttopic.Let’sgobacktothemaintheme.3.ModeratethedisputeWhatdoothersthinkregardingthepointsdebatedbyMr.AandMr.B?Sincewedonotseemtobeabletoresolvethisdifferencesnow,couldwemoveontothenextpoint?DuetothetimelimitationIwouldsuggestthatwediscusstoday’sproblemonceagaininournextsession.4.KeeptheallocatedtimeWearerunningabout20minutesbehindtheschedule.ThereisnodiscussionafterProf.X’stalk.Excuseme,sir,ourtimeisquitelimited,soI’mnotwillingbuthavetoaskyoutostophere.Maybe,wemayhaveanotherchancetodiscussaboutthetopiclater.Accordingtomywatch,we’vescheduledtofinishthisafternoon’sdiscussioninabout3minutes.Isthereafinalcomment?5.MaintainthediscussionMr.X,I’mafraidwecan’thearyou.Wouldyouspeaklouderormakeuseofthemicrophone.Pleasecometothemicrophone.Well,justnow,someoftheaudiencehavesuggestedthatsmokingberefrainedhere.Ifyoumustsmoke,pleasegotothelobbyoroneofthelounges.Maywehearnowsomeoftheparticipantswhohavenotexpressedtheopinionsyet?VI.HandlingQuestions1.Choosingyourquestioners1.Tochooseyourownquestioners2.Tochoosequestionerfromdifferentareasofthehall2.ListeningcarefullytothequestionUsefulexpressions:Pardon,Icouldn'thearwhatyousaid.Ibegyourpardon,Ididn'tcatchwhatyousaid.Wouldyoubesokindastorepeatyourfirstquestion?I’mnotquitesurewhatyourquestionis.Ididn'tgetthelastpointofyourquestion.IfIunderstandyoucorrectly,youaresaying/asking…Ididn'tquitecatchthat.Couldyougooverthatagain?3.WelcomingthequestionUsefulexpression:Thisisaverygoodquestion.Thankyouforthatquestion.I’mgladthisquestionhasbeenbroughtup.Iappreciatethatquestion.Thatisaninterestingquestion.Inanswertoyourquestion,Iwouldsaythat…Ihaveonlyapartialanswertoyourquestion.Thatisachallengingquestion,andI’mafraidIcanonlyprovideapartialanswertoit.Anyway,I’lltrymybesttoanswerit.

4.RepeatingorparaphrasingthequestionForwhatgoodifwedoso?Someaudiencemighthavemissedthequestion.ToconfirmyourunderstandingofthequestionTogiveyouextratimetothinkofananswerE.g.Questioner:Haveyoutrieditonhumanbodies?Presenter:Thisgentlemanwouldliketoknowwhetherwehavetriedthisonhumanbodies.5.ReplyingthequestionAsaquestioner,heisexpectingasuccinct,to-the-pointanswer.CBPprinciple__clearly,briefly,andpositively6.Respondingtodifficult,challengingquestionsorquestionsyoudonotknowIthinkyourquestioncanbebetteransweredbyProfessorSmith.Fortunately,ProfessorSmithishere.Hehasmuchexperienceinthisexperiment.Ithinknooneismoresuitablethanhetoansweryourquestion.ProfessorSmithperhapsisinabetterpositiontotellussomethingaboutit.Ourstudyhasnotcometotheend.Ifyouagree,I’llansweryourquestionlater.Ithinkitwillbepossibletoansweryourquestionwhenthisexperimentiscompleted.7.RespondingtoimproperquestionsIappreciateyourinterestinmyresearch,butIjustdon’twanttotalkaboutitnow.let’stalkaboutsomethingelse.I’drathernotsay.Whydoyouwanttoknow?BeforeIansweryouthatquestion,letmeaskyou:wheredoyouthinkweshouldhavetheproject?8.ReferringbacktothequestionerUsefulexpressions:DidIansweryourquestion?DidIansweryousatisfactorily?Idon’tknowwhetherthisansweredyourquestion.IhopethismayserveasananswertoDr.Li.VII.HowtoInviteandHostVisitingScholars概述隨著對外開放的日益深入，各國專業(yè)技術(shù)人員的交往日益增多，邀請國外專家、教授、學(xué)者來華來校講學(xué)是智力引進的一項重要內(nèi)容。來訪有長有短，但按常規(guī)，日程安排70%-80%用于學(xué)術(shù)交流，其余進行參觀訪問游覽等活動。講學(xué)形式可多樣：講座，報告，講習(xí)班，座談討論和演示(手術(shù))等。

Invitation邀請a.首先發(fā)邀請函，如系年長者可邀請對方配偶同行b.邀請目的及費用負擔方式要說明(這點不能含糊)c.報告/演示題目，內(nèi)容參觀訪問的初步計劃注意：信的內(nèi)容應(yīng)充分肯定被邀人的水平，并把具體的目的及細節(jié)說清楚。Welcome迎接

a.最好由身份對等者前往，也可派將全程陪同的同行或譯員前往迎接b.在機場等地迎接時人多。如不認識，應(yīng)有一個標志，牌子或旗幟，寫上來訪者名字或接受單位(前者最好)c.在去單位下榻路上不要沉默，雙方因不熟，更應(yīng)抓緊機會給個好印象，并借此熟悉對方語音語調(diào)或有什么特殊要求(食宿方面等)并主動介紹本單位，本城市及來訪的初步日程。d. 抵達后至少要1-2小時后才能安排正式活動，如是晚上抵達，就等第二天再安排正式活動。

Interview&Schedule會見與日程安排a.與負責人見面，最好是業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)b.把事先確定并復(fù)印好的來訪(Schedule)日程發(fā)給與會者人手一份，然后主動講解并征求客人的意見(這份日程不僅有每天的安排，要具體到每小時，至少半天，這是西方人的習(xí)慣，不能用模糊概念：明天，上午，晚上，應(yīng)幾點幾分)c.將全程陪同或聯(lián)系人當場介紹給客人,包括手機號或電話號碼，因為別人不熟悉，可能會有不少預(yù)料不到的問題。AcademicActivities學(xué)術(shù)活動

Dinner:宴請宴會不要太多，何時宴請要恰當。最好是初來時表示歡迎，宴請一次；走時表感謝，再宴請一次。中間的各餐飯應(yīng)得體，不多不少。最好有人陪同吃飯。如來訪者人少，陪客不要太多。否則別人也會認為是借公事吃喝，這會讓來訪的西方人回去后不僅不領(lǐng)情反而說怪話。Gift送禮可考慮在告別宴會上送。禮物的挑選很考人。不一定昂貴，但一定要有中國特色，有意義，便于攜帶和返回后易于陳列。如是一對夫婦不一定要給夫人單獨送，除非夫人也是交流活動的成員之一。Seeingoff送別這是工作的最后一環(huán)，為活動做總結(jié)，為今后繼續(xù)交流打基礎(chǔ)。這也會是很難忘也很有成果的一個環(huán)節(jié)。最后送別是敲定互訪計劃和安排等，因此按人之常情也不應(yīng)草率。善始善終嘛!Thank-youLetter致謝信KeyWords&Phraseschannel 渠道 circular 通知 callforpaper 征文 academicWebpage 學(xué)術(shù)網(wǎng)頁 discipline 學(xué)科、科目 academicsociety 學(xué)術(shù)團體downloading 下載format 格式registrationfee 注冊費accommodation 住宿Academicactivities 學(xué)術(shù)活動ConferenceInformation 會議信息Circular 會議通知CallforPapers 征稿ConferenceBrochure 會議手冊ConferenceFee 會費Luncheon 午餐會Meeting,conference,Symposium,Seminar,Forum,Workshop會議PlenaryLectures 學(xué)術(shù)報告PaperPresentation 論文宣讀PlenarySession 全會、大會ParallelSession 分組會(panel小組討論會)Proceedings 論文集，會義錄PosterSession 張貼會RegistrationFee 報名費Regular/Irregular 定期/不定期的ScientificInstitution 科研機構(gòu)Side-visit,by-the-wayvisiting 順訪SecretaryGeneral 秘書長Coordinator 聯(lián)系人，協(xié)調(diào)人Moderator 主持人，仲裁，調(diào)介人Resume,CurriculumVitae 簡歷Coverletter 附函Follow–upletter 續(xù)函Recordofformalschooling 學(xué)歷References 證明人/推薦人Affiliation 學(xué)術(shù)組織Honor 獲獎狀況PublicationandPresentation 著作及出席學(xué)術(shù)會議的情況InternationalFinancialAssistance/Support/Aid 國際資助ApplicationForm 申請表格Applicant,Candidate 申請人 Scholarship 獎學(xué)金Fellowship 研究生獎學(xué)金Subsidy 補助Allowance 補助，津貼Loan 貸款TargetInstitution 目標機構(gòu)DataSheetforApplication 申請材料theTitleoftheProposedProject 申請項目EvaluationResult 批復(fù)/評審意見DegreeCertificate 學(xué)位證書GuestResearcher/VisitingScholar/Professor 客座研究員/教授EvaluationbyExperts/ExpertsAssessment 專家評議SecretBallot 無記名投票VisaApplication 申請簽證NonimmigrantVisaApplication 非移民簽證申請表Document 文件材料(中國學(xué)生誤用material)Issue 頒發(fā)Refuse/Reject 拒絕，拒簽Cancel/Revoke 吊銷，作廢File(v.n.) 提交，提出，檔案Petition 申請Admission/Deportation 入境/遞介出境Renounce 拒絕Furnish 提供Custody 監(jiān)護VII.SomeLinguisticFeaturesofMedicalEnglish

1.Linguisticstyle語體科學(xué)工作者的任務(wù)是描述自然現(xiàn)象，分析自然規(guī)律，研究將其應(yīng)用于人類的方法，這就決定了表達思想要準確、嚴謹、簡潔、合乎邏輯，避免產(chǎn)生歧義及誤解。思維的主要形式是概念，公式，而表達思維的語言也與一般不同，形成了科技文體。其主要特點是說理，判斷，推論，準確，非形象性，沒有明顯的感情色彩。極具客觀性。2.Vocabulary(1)ProfessionalizedTermsE.g.stomachStomatologyGastralGastritisBronchitisArthritis

(2)SpecificallyConcentratedMeaningE.g.a.Thisbooktakesintheperiodbetween1990-1991.b.HetooksomerefugeesinduringtheSecondWar.c.I’mnotsurehowmuchofherteacher’sexplanationshetookin.d.Don’ttakeinbytheirpromises.e.Wesattheretakinginthescenery.1.Thisisthetotalcostofyourhospitalization,includingeverything.C.f.Thisisthetotalcostofyourhospitalization,takingeverythingin.2.Littlenourishmentcanbeabsorbedthroughthecolon.C.f.Littlenourishmentcanbetakeninthroughthecolon.(3)HighlyProportionalLatinandGreekWords據(jù)統(tǒng)計1萬個最普通的英語詞中，46%來自拉丁語，7.2%來源于希臘語，而在科技詞中這個比率就更高。例如：屬拉丁語的有：abdomen腹部 amiba 阿米巴appendix附件、闌尾ammonia氨 annum 年 anterior前面的anus肛門 aorta主動 apex尖、頂 apparatus器械 arteria動脈 atriam心房 asylum收容所 屬希臘語的也極多，僅“A”開頭的詞就不少：acidosis 酸中毒aloe蘆薈 acne 粉刺alpha希臘字母adenitis腺炎 amenia閉經(jīng)adenoma腺瘤 anabolism組成代謝adiposis肥胖病analysis分析anaphylaxis過敏性 alkalosis堿中毒anesthesia麻醉 anastomosis吻合術(shù)angina咽喉炎angioma血管瘤antiperistalsis逆蠕動 arteritis動脈炎asthma 哮喘 granulocytosis粒性白血球缺乏癥(4) CompoundWords兩個或兩個以上的字有時用連字符號“-”連合在一起的詞也很多，科技英語中用復(fù)合詞多。注意：核心詞一般在后。如：a.CompoundNouns：復(fù)合名詞，由兩個或兩個以上的名詞組成horsepowerwavelengthspeedmeter(速度計)substitutionmonotherapy(替換性單藥療法)ionexchangechromatography(離子交換色譜法),strongerneominofagen(強力新甘草甜素)higher-than-average(高于平均值)intention-to-treat(治療目的組)

b.CompondAdjectives:復(fù)合形容詞waterproof 防水的 three-phrase 三相的 cross-sectional橫斷面的biochemical 生物化學(xué)的 newly-designed新設(shè)計的radio-active 具有放射性的 receptor-mediated 受體介導(dǎo)的microcytic-hypochromic小細胞低色素的c.CompoundVerbs:self-design自行設(shè)定 overloaded 超載 whitewash 粉刷overwork過勞 trial-produce試制 heat-treat(v.)熱處理short-circuit使…短路 underline在…下劃線(5)AbbreviatedWords注意新見縮寫的譯法radar雷達=radiodetectingandranginglaser激光=lightamplificationbystimulatedemissionofradiation(港臺譯作“鐳射”)sonar聲納=soundnavigationandrangingSARS：嚴重性呼吸道綜合癥？急性重癥呼吸道綜合癥？

(6)ProgressivelyEmergedNewWordMeanings日常詞注入新意appendix附錄、附屬物/闌尾ball球，任何球形物/睪丸/丸劑/滾珠foreignbody(異物)cushion椅墊/緩沖器(pneumaticcushion氣壓式緩沖器)pupil–學(xué)生/瞳孔episode–情節(jié)、插進/發(fā)作(7)Antonyms反義詞自然科學(xué)是研究客觀事物所具有的特性，因此對立及統(tǒng)一的表達就需反義詞：positive–negative正/負regular–irregular規(guī)則/不規(guī)則fusion–fission聚變/裂變organic–inorganic有機/無機clockwise–counter–clockwise順時針/反時針wax–dewax涂蠟/脫臘linear–nonlinear線性/非線性connect–disconnect連接/斷開divisible–indivisible可分的/不可分的值得注意的是，反義詞在英文里通常有固定的否定前綴，如：anti-,de-,mis-,ir-,in-,non-…希臘后綴a,an表…缺，如analgesia痛覺缺失,aseptic無菌的3.Sentencestructure(1)Moreindicativese