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每一個人都有這樣一個銀行賬戶,它的名字叫時間。每天早上時間銀行總會為你在賬戶里自動存入86,400秒;一到晚上,她也會自動地把你當日的光陰全數(shù)注銷,沒有分秒可以結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)到明天,你也不能提前預(yù)支片刻。如果你沒能適當使用這些時間存款,損失掉的只有你自己來承擔。沒有回頭重來,也不能預(yù)提明天,你必須根據(jù)你所擁有的這些時間存款而活在現(xiàn)在。把時間投資于最大限度地得到健康、幸福和成功方面!時間在不停地奔跑,充分利用今天吧!Eachofushasabankaccount,whosetitleis“TIME”.Everymorning,youwillhave86400secondsincredit.Everynightyouraccountwillhavezerobalancethatcanbecarriedforward.Itallowsnooverdraft.Ifyoufailtousetheday’sdeposits,thelossisyours/youhavetobearthelossyourself.Thereisnogoingback.Youarenotallowedtodrawthetimeof“tomorrow”inadvance.Youmustliveontoday’sdepositsatpresent.Doyourutmosttoinvestyourtimeinstayinghealthy,gettinghappinessandachievingsuccess.Theclockisrunning.Makethemostoftoday!classify

roughly

instinct

promising

complicated

specialty

certificate

competitive

edge

cut-throat

determinationguilty

obsessed

unprecedented

invain

inharmony

ambivalent

suspicious

prosperous

coincidence

長城是人類創(chuàng)造的世界奇跡之一。如果你到了中國卻沒去過長城,就想到了巴黎沒有去看看菲爾鐵塔,或者就像到了埃及沒有去看金字塔一樣。人們常說:”不到長城非好漢?!睂嶋H上,長城最初只是一些斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的城墻,直到秦朝統(tǒng)一中國后才將其連成長城。然而,今天我們看到的長城——東起山海關(guān),西至嘉峪關(guān)——大部分都是在明代修建的TheGreatWallisoneoftheworldwonderscreatedbyhumanbeings.IfyoucometoChinawithoutclimbingtheGreatWall,it’sjustlikegoingtoPariswithoutvisitingtheEiffelTower,orgoingtoEgyptwithoutvisitingthePyramids!Itisoftensaid,“HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.”Infact,itbeganasindependentwallsfordifferentstateswhenitwasfirstbuilt,anddidnotbecomethe“GreatWall”untiltheQinDynasty.However,thewallweseetoday,startingfromShanhaiguan/PassintheeasttoJiayunguan/Passinthewest,wasmostlybuiltduringtheMingDynasty.emergence

sophisticated

giant

significance

assume

shift

enormously

consistof

substantial

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domestic

characteristic

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accountforviolent

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intensity中國雜技(acrobatics)有著悠久的歷史和濃郁的民族特色。它是中國人最喜歡的藝術(shù)形式之一。雜技的表演融合了力量和技巧。它與人們的生產(chǎn)和日常生活有著密切的聯(lián)系,表演的道具(props)包括碗、盤子和梯子等。在舊中國,因為被封建階級(feudalclass)瞧不起,雜技從未在劇場里表演過。自新中國以來,中國政府大力發(fā)展民族藝術(shù),使得雜技獲得了新的生命。TheChineseacrobaticshasalonghistoryandstrongethniccharacteristics.ItisoneoftheChinesefavoriteartforms.Acrobaticsrequiresbothstrengthandskill.Itiscloselyrelatedtopeople’sproductionanddailylifeactivitieswithpropslikebowls,platesandladders,andsoon.InancientChina,acrobaticswasneverperformedintheatresbecauseitwaslookeddownuponbythefeudalclass.SincethefoundingofNewChina,thegovernmenthasmadegreateffortstodevelopnationalarts,givingacrobaticsanewlife.predict

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represent

intellect

fillthegap

explore

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consciousness七夕節(jié)(DoubleSeventhFestival)是中國最具浪漫色彩的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。每年農(nóng)歷(lunarcalendar)七月初七就是七夕節(jié),亦稱“乞巧節(jié)”。七夕起源與中國古代牛郎(Cowherd)和織女(WeaverMaid)的愛情神話,他們的故事感動了一代又一代的中國人。許多有情男女會在七夕的晚上祈禱自己的姻緣美滿,期望”有情人終成眷屬”。近年來,越來越多的都市青年男女把這個節(jié)日當做”中國情人節(jié)”(ChineseValentine’sDay)來過。

TheDoubleSeventhFestivalisatraditionalChinesefestivalfullofromance,alsoknownas“QiqiaoFestival”,whichfallsonthe7thdayoflunarmonth.ThefestivaloriginatedfromanancientChineseromanticfairytaleabouttheloveofNiuLang(Cowherd)andZhiNv(WeaverMaid),whichhasdeeplymovedgenerationsofChinesepeople.Manymenandwomeninloveusuallyprayforahappymarriageonthatnight,hopingfora“happyendingfortheirtruelove”.Inrecentyears,moreandmoreyoungpeopleincitiescelebratetheDoubleSeventhFestivalasChineseValentine’sday.在中國大熊貓是和平的象征。大熊貓是一種瀕危物種。由于它的棲息地受到了破壞,它們的數(shù)量在急劇下降。大熊貓的身體是白色的,在它的眼睛、耳朵、肩膀、胸部和腳的周圍都有一些黑色斑塊。這黑白相間的保護色彩可以讓熊貓在雪地和巖石的環(huán)境中偽裝(camouflage)起來。大熊貓的視力非常好。他們與眾不同的眼睛激發(fā)了中國人的想象力,因此,它們又被稱為“大熊貓”。中國向其他國家贈送大熊貓作為友誼的象征,幾乎世界各地的動物園都有大熊貓的身影。

ThepandaisasymbolofpeaceinChina.Giantpandasareanendangeredspeciesandtheirnumbersaredwindlingveryquicklyastheirhabitathasbeendestroyed.Giantpandasarewhitewithblackpatchesaroundtheeyes,ears,shoulders,chest,legs,andfeet.Thisblack-and-whitecoloringmaycamouflagepandasinthesnowyandrockyenvironment.Pandashaveverygoodeyesight.TheseunusualeyesinspiredtheChinesetocallpandathe“giantbearcat”.Chinahasgivengiantpandastoothercountriesasasignoffriendship.Therearegiantpandasinzoosalmostallovertheworld.朝氣蓬勃,充滿活力,豐富多彩的上海是現(xiàn)代中國的縮影(epitome)。雖然上海的文化遺跡不能與北京媲美,但是上海迷人的城市風(fēng)貌,風(fēng)格各異的萬國建筑為這座城市注入了無限的魅力。今日之上海,已經(jīng)成為享譽中外的國際大都市。

漫步在這座日新月異的現(xiàn)代大都市里,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)許多精彩的歷史亮點,隱現(xiàn)在眾多摩天大樓背后的是上海發(fā)展變化的軌跡。它們記述了上海自十九世紀末開埠以來,尤其是新中國成立以后,是如何迅猛發(fā)展的。

Shanghaiisadynamic,diverseandstimulatingcity-theveryepitomeofmodernChina.ThoughShanghaicannotrivalBeijinginculturalheritage,itsvariedarchitecturalstylesandcosmopolitanfeelgiveitacharmofitsown.Today’sShanghaihasbecomeaworld-famousinternationalmetropolis.

Awalkthroughthisboomingcityrevealsmanyglimpsesofitscolorfulpast.HiddenamongsttheskyscrapersareremainsoftheoriginalShanghai.TheykeeponshowinghowShanghaihasbeendevelopingfastandenormouslysinceitsopeningasacommercialportinthelate19thcentury,especiallyafterthefoundingofnewChina.中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)慶膳食是節(jié)日必不可少的伴侶。例如,我國的端午節(jié)(theDragonBoatFestival)是紀念古代詩人屈原的日子。那一天,人們通常要賽龍舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。中秋節(jié)是觀賞滿月的日子。圓圓的月亮象征著圓滿,象征著家庭團聚。因此,中秋節(jié)的特制食品是圓形的月餅。春節(jié)是中國的農(nóng)歷新年,除了常見的家禽和肉類之外,人們還要按各自的地方習(xí)俗烹制傳統(tǒng)食物,如餃子和年糕。TraditionalChineseholidaymealsareindispensableonsomefestivals.Forexample,theDragonBoatFestivalisadayestablishedinmemoryoftheancientpoetQuYuanandpeopleusuallyholddragonboatracesandeatzongzi,orricedumplingonthatday.TheMid-autumnFestivalisanoccasionforwatchingandadmiringthefullmoon.Theroundmoonisasymbolforcompletenessandfamilyreunion.Thespecialfoodofthedayisyuebing,aroundcakeknownasmooncake.TheSpringFestivalistheChineselunarNewYear’sholiday.Besidesthepopularpoultryandmeat,peoplecooktraditionalfoodaccordingtoregionalcustoms,suchas,jiaozi,orboileddumplings,andniangao,orthe“newyearcake”孔子(Confucius)是中國最偉大的思想家和教育家,儒家學(xué)派(Confucianism)的創(chuàng)始人。他的很多思想即使在今天的人們看來也是很有價值的。比如,他認為要關(guān)愛別人?!凹核挥?,勿施于人”。由于“君子和而不同”,因此要承認人與人之間的差異,這樣才能夠維護社會的和諧與穩(wěn)定。他在教育上主張鼓勵學(xué)生學(xué)會獨立思考,在學(xué)習(xí)書本知識的同時還要有自己獨立的見解。有人把孔子在中國歷史上的影響比作西方的蘇格拉底(Socrates)。ConfuciusisthegreatestphilosopherandeducatorinChina.HeisthefounderofConfucianism.Manyofhisideasarequitevaluableevennow.Forinstance,hebelievedthatoneshouldbekindtoothers.“Donotdotootherswhatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself.”“Harmonycanbepromoteddespitethedifferencesgentlemenhaveamongthemselves.”Asaresult,itisnecessarytoacknowledgethefactthatpeoplearedifferentforthepurposeofsafeguardingtheharmonyandstabilityinsociety.Intermsofeducation,hemaintainedthatstudentsshouldbeencouragedtolearntothinkindependently.Whilestudentsacquireknowledgefromtextbooks,theyshouldlearntoformtheirownopinions.Confucius’influenceinChinesehistoryhasbeencomparedwiththatofSocratesintheWest.中國是一個發(fā)展中國家,也是一個負責(zé)任的國家。中國愿意為推進合作共贏、實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展做出自己的貢獻。中國保持經(jīng)濟快速健康發(fā)展,對全球經(jīng)濟及地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展有利。改革開放20多年來,中國經(jīng)濟年均增長9.4%,不僅成功解決了十三億人的溫飽問題,而且使中國人民的生活總體上達到小康水平。雖然仍存在一些問題,但中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展總的形勢很好。Chinaisadevelopingcountrywithastrongsenseofresponsibility.Wearereadytomakecontributionstopromotewin-wincooperationforsustainabledevelopment.AsoundandrapidlygrowingChineseeconomyishelpfulfortheeconomicdevelopmentoftheregionandthatoftheworldatlarge.Withanaverageannualgrowthrateof9.4%inthepast20yearsofreformandopening-up,Chinahassucceededinmeetingthebasicneedsforfood,clothingandshelterofitspopulationandproviding,onthewhole,amoderatelycomfortablelivelihoodforits1.3billionpeople.Despitesomeproblems,China’seconomyisingoodshape.紫禁城,現(xiàn)名故宮博物院,坐落于北京市中心,是明清兩代共24位皇帝的皇宮。故宮是中國至今保存最完善的皇家宮殿,也是世界上最大的宮殿建筑群。以其舉世稱奇的建筑藝術(shù)、數(shù)不盡的收藏,聯(lián)合國教科文組織(UNESCO)在1987年將故宮列入世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄(WorldCulturalHeritageSite)。這是一座真正的中國文化和歷史文物(historicalrelics)寶庫(treasuryvault)?,F(xiàn)在到北京旅游,如果不去故宮,那么你的旅程就不算完整。TheForbiddenCity,nowknownasthePalaceMuseum,islocatedinthecenterofBeijing.Itwastheimperialpalaceto24emperorsfromtheMingDynastytotheendofQingDynasty.ItisthebestpreservedimperialpalaceinChinaandthelargestpalacecomplexintheworld.Withitsawe-inspiringarchitectureandhugevarietyofcollections,thePalaceMuseumwaslistedasaWorldCulturalHeritageSitebyUNESCOin1987.ItisarealtreasuryvaultofChineseculturalandhistoricalrelics.Nowadays,anytourofBeijingwouldbeincompletewithoutavisittothegrandpalace.過去的七年,中國的房地產(chǎn)(realestate)業(yè)經(jīng)歷了前所未有的高速增長。對于那些月薪較低卻渴望在大城市擁有一套屬于自己的體面、舒適的棲身之所的人來說,高昂的房價是他們無法承受的負擔。鑒于這一狀況,政府近來采取了一系列的措施來防止房價過快增長,包括提高利率及增加房產(chǎn)稅等。目前,這些措施在部分城市已經(jīng)取得了初步的成效。Inthepastsevenyears,Chineserealestateindustryhasdevelopedatarecordhighspeed.Forthosewhoearnlessbutareeagertoownadecentandcomfortableplaceoftheirowninabigcity,thehighhousingpriceisaheavyburdenthattheycannotafford.Forthisreason,thegovernmenthastakenaseriesofmeasurestopreventthehousingpricefromrisingtoofast,includingraisinginterestratesandincreasingtaxesonrealestate,etc.Atpresentthesemeasureshaveachievedinitialeffectsinsomecities.中華民族把炎帝和黃帝看作自己的祖先。中國人不管遷徙到哪里,都把自己稱為炎黃子孫(descendantsofYandiandHuangdi)。即使到了外國定居,他們的后代(offspring)也希望有機會回中國尋根。中國有很多姓氏,為了說明自己是炎黃子孫,他們的族譜往往要追溯到炎黃二帝上頭去。血濃于水,炎黃子孫具有巨大的凝聚力。依靠海內(nèi)外中國人的共同努力,中華大地一定會建設(shè)得更加美麗,更加富強。TheChinesepeople/nationregardYandiandHuangdiastheirancestors.Nomatterwheretheyhavemoved,theChinesealwaysregardthemselvesasdescendantsofYandiandHuangdi.Evenaftertheyhavesettleddownabroad,theiroffspringshopetohavetheopportunitytogobacktoChinafortheirroots.TheChinesepeoplehavenumeroussurnames,inordertoshowtattheyaredescendantsofYandandHuangdi,theytracetheirfamilytreesbacktoYandiorHuangdi.Bloodisthickerthanwater.ThedescendantsofYandiadHuangdihavetremendousinternalcohesion.ThroughcooperativeeffortsofChinesepeopleinsideandoutsideChina,Chinawillsurelybebuiltintoamorebeautifulandmoreprosperousland.中醫(yī)(Chinesemedicine)是世界醫(yī)學(xué)的遺產(chǎn)。中醫(yī)有比西方醫(yī)學(xué)更好的治病方法。因為中醫(yī)的效果和醫(yī)治方式,現(xiàn)在中醫(yī)在世界上越來越流行了。中醫(yī)起源于古代,已經(jīng)發(fā)展了很長一段時間,它收集了治療不同疾病的各種方法。傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)講究人們身體系統(tǒng)的平衡。也就是說,一旦人的身體系統(tǒng)平衡,疾病就會消失。身體系統(tǒng)得損害是疾病的根源。Chinesemedicineisaheritageofworldmedicine.TraditionalChinesemedicinehasapowertohealpeoplebetterthanthewesternone.Chinesemedicinenowismoreandmorepopularintheworldduetoitseffectanditswaytohealpeople.Originatedfromtheancienttimes,Chinesemedicinehasdevelopedforalongtimeandithascollectedvariouswaystotreatdifferentillness.ThetraditionalChinesemedicinepaysattentiontothebalanceofpeople’sbodysystem.Itissaidthatoncethesystemofpeopleisinbalance,illnesswilldisappear.Thedamageofthebodysystemisthesourceofdisease.如今,越來越多的大學(xué)生抱怨很難找到好工作。造成這一現(xiàn)象的原因如下:首先,大學(xué)生把在校的大多數(shù)時間都用在了專業(yè)學(xué)科學(xué)習(xí)上,只有當他們開始找工作的時候,才意識到自己缺乏必要的職業(yè)培訓(xùn)。其次,大學(xué)生之間的競爭也越來越激烈,這導(dǎo)致任何一名大學(xué)生找到工作的機會都變小了。因此,強烈建議大學(xué)生在課余時間做一些兼職工作,以積累相關(guān)的工作經(jīng)驗。Nowadays,moreandmoreuniversitystudentscomplainabouthavinggreatdifficultiesinfindingagoodjob.Thereasonsforthisphenomenonareasfollows:First,collegestudentsspendmostoftheirtimeatschoolstudyingacademicsubjectsanditisonlywhentheystartlookingforajobthattheyrealizetheylacknecessaryjobtraining.Second,competitionamonggraduateshasbecomemoreandmorefierce.Andthisresultsinadecreasedchanceforanyindividualgraduatetofindajob.Therefore,itishighlysuggestedthatcollegestudentsshoulddosomepart-timejobsintheirsparetimetoaccumulaterelevantworkingexperience.黃山在中國安徽省南部,方圓250平方公里。黃山以奇松、怪石、云海和溫泉“四絕”而著稱。黃山千峰萬壑,比比皆松。黃山一年之中有云霧的天氣達200多天,而且云來霧去,變化莫測,奇峰怪石和古松隱現(xiàn)云海之中。黃山溫泉的水溫為攝氏42度,含多種有益健康的礦物質(zhì)。黃山是世界最著名的旅游勝地之一。MountHuangintheSouthernpartofAnhuiProvinceofChinacoversanareaof250squarekilometers.Itisknownforits“fourwonders”,namely,theoddly-shapedpines,bizarrerocks,seasofcloudsandhotsprings.MountHuanghasnumerouspeaksandvalleyswherepinescanbefound.About200daysayear,theweatherinthemountainareaiscloudyandfoggy.Onsuchdays,peaks,rocksandpinesarebarelyseeninchangingandshiftingcloudsandfogs.Thetemperatureofthehotspringsthereisabout42degreesCelsius,andmulti-mineralmattersgoodforhealthcanbefoundinthewater.MountHuangisoneoftheworldfamoustouristresorts.中國古代的四大發(fā)明是對中國乃至世界都具有重大影響的四種發(fā)明。這四種發(fā)明是指南針(compass),火藥(gunpowder),造紙(papermaking)和印刷。這四種發(fā)明對推動世界文明發(fā)揮了重要作用,是中國作為世界文明古國的重要象征。但可惜的是西方人用火藥制造武器而古代中國人則用于生產(chǎn)煙花?,F(xiàn)在人們意識到科技只有用于發(fā)展生產(chǎn),社會才能進步。ThefourgreatinventionsofancientChinaarefourinventionsthathadanenormousimpactonthedevelopmentofChinaandafar-rangingglobalimpact.Theyare:thecompass,gunpowder,papermakingandprinting.Thesefourinventionsplayedamajorroleinadvancingtheworldcivilization.TheywerealsoimportantsymbolsofChina’sroleasoneoftheworldancientcivilizations.Butitispitifulthatthewesternpeopleusedgunpowdertoproducearms,whileancientChineseusedittomakefireworks.Nowpeoplehaverealizedthatonlywhenscienceandtechnologyareusedtodevelopproductionwillthesocietyadvance.舞獅是中國一項歷史悠久的民間表演藝術(shù),至今已有1500多年的歷史。獅子是百獸之王,而且在佛教(Buddhism)中寓意吉祥。古人相信舞獅能夠驅(qū)邪納福,因此喜慶節(jié)日都喜歡打鼓(drum)敲鑼(gong),舞獅助興。舞者身披形似獅子的服飾,踏著音樂節(jié)奏,模擬獅子的各種動作跳舞。舞獅集武術(shù)、舞蹈和音樂于一體,如今在中國和世界各地尤其是海外的華人社區(qū)發(fā)揚光大。AsatraditionalChinesefolkperformingart,liondancehasahistoryofmorethan1,500years.Thelionisknownasthekingofbeasts,andalsoasymbolofblessinginBuddhism.Peopleinancienttimesbelievedthatliondancecoulddriveawayevilspiritsandbringgoodfortune.Therefore,onjoyousfestivals,peoplewouldperformliondanceaccompaniedbydrumsandgongs.Theperformersdressuplikelionsandimitatevariouslionmovementstotherhythmofmusic.Liondanceisanartwhichcombinesmartialarts,danceandmusictogether.Nowadays,ithasbecomepopularinChinaandtheworld,especiallyinChinesecommunitiesoverseas.石雕的獅子在中國隨處可以見到。中國人把獅子視為吉祥、勇敢、威武的象征,在修建宮殿、府第(mansion)、房屋及陵墓(tomb)時,人們喜歡把石頭雕成獅子安放在門口,用來“驅(qū)魔辟邪”(guardagainstevilspirits),把守大門。在古代,設(shè)置石獅子是有一定規(guī)矩的。一般門左邊的是雄獅,雄獅的右腳踩著一只繡球象征威力。門右邊的是雌獅,雌獅用左腳撫慰小獅子,象征子孫昌盛。WhereveronegoesinChina,onecanseelionsmadeofstone.AstheChineseregardlionasasymbolofblessing,braveryandpower,stonelionsareoftenplacedinfrontofpalaces,mansions,housesandtombstoguardagainstevilspirits.Buttherewererulesaboutitinancienttimes.Normally,amalelionwasplacedontheleftsideofthegatewithitsrightpawonaball,whichisasymbolofpower.Afemalelionwasplacedontherightsideofthegatewithitsleftpawplayingwithacub/ayounglion,whichisasymbolofaprosperousclan/lineage.中國城市化(urbanization)將會充分釋放潛在內(nèi)需(domesticdemand)。一些經(jīng)濟學(xué)家指出,在中國幾乎所有的發(fā)展中城市都面臨著城市化的進程。這使得許多人的生活水平有所提高,也為人們提供更多的就業(yè)機會。隨著越來越多的人向城市遷移,住房及城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)(infrastructureconstruction),包括水源等能源的供應(yīng)將會成為城市發(fā)展的焦點問題。商品與服務(wù)的自由、快速流通是城市化社會的一項基本特征。逐漸擴張的城市需要更多的零售店來滿足消費者的需求。China’surbanizationwillreleasethefullpotentialofdomesticdemand.Someeconomistspointoutthaturbanizationisaprocessthatisoccurringinnearlyeverydevelopingcityinthecountry.Itwillleadtoabetterqualityoflifeformanypeople,andprovideindividualswithmorejobopportunities.Theconstructionofhousingandcityinfrastructure,includingwaterandenergysupplies,willbeafocalpointofurbandevelopmentasmorepeoplemigratetocities.Thefast,freeflowofgoodsandservicesisabasictraitofanurbanizedsociety.Expandingcitiesrequiremoreretailoutletstoservecustomers.秦始皇(前259―前210年)姓嬴名政,13歲立為秦王。公元前236年至公元前221年,他結(jié)束了戰(zhàn)國群雄紛爭的局面,建立了中國歷史上第一個多民族的統(tǒng)一國家——秦王朝(前221―前206年),自稱始皇帝。為了建立強大的中央集權(quán)國家,他統(tǒng)一了文字、貨幣和度量衡(weightsandmeasures)。秦始皇生前下令數(shù)十萬人為其修筑了陵墓(mausoleum)。守護秦始皇陵的兵馬俑(terracottawarriors)在1974年挖掘出土,這一發(fā)現(xiàn)被譽為“世界第八大奇跡”。EmperorQinshihuang(259B.C.―210B.C.)orYingZhengbecamethekingoftheQinstate/kingdomattheageof13.from236B.C.to221B.C.,heendedtherivalryofthewarringstatesandestablishedtheQinDynasty(221B.C.―206B.C.),thefirstunifiedandmulti-ethnicstateintheChinesehistory.HecalledhimselfQinshihuangor“theFirstEmperoroftheQinDynasty”.Inordertobuildapowerfulcentralizedcountry,heunifiedthewrittenscript,currencies,weightsandmeasures.Whenhewasalive,heorderedtensofthousandsofpeopletoconstructhismausoleum.In1974,theterracottawarriorsguardingthemausoleumwereunearthed.Thediscoveryoftheterracottawarriorsiscelebratedastheeighthwonderoftheworld..京劇是中國的國粹,擁有200年的歷史,因形成于北京而得名。其劇目之豐富、表演藝術(shù)家之多、觀眾之多、影響之深均為全國之冠。京劇服裝精美、臉譜豐富多彩,是集唱(唱腔)、念(念白)、做(表演)、打(武打)、舞為一體的綜合性表演藝術(shù)。將京劇稱作“東方歌劇”正是因為這兩個劇種在形式上極為類似,同時,在各自不同的文化背景中,它們都獲得了經(jīng)典性地位。PekingoperaisthenationaltreasureofChinawithahistoryof200years.ItissocalledduetoitsformationinBeijing.Withrichnessofrepertoire,greatnumberofartistsofperformanceandofaudience,andprofoundinfluence,PekingoperaisanincomparablekindofoperainChina.Withelaboratecostumesandrichandvariousfacialmake-ups,Pekingoperaisasynthesisofsinging,dialogueandmime,stylizedaction,acrobaticfightinganddancingtorepresentstories.Theoperaiscalled“OrientalOpera”becausethetwooperasareverysimilarinform.Meanwhile,theyallgainedclassicstatusintheirdifferentculturalbackgrounds.北京有無數(shù)的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活給古都北京帶來了無窮的魅力。北京的胡同不僅僅是平民百姓的生活環(huán)境,而且還是一門建筑藝術(shù)。通常,胡同內(nèi)有一個大雜院,房間夠4到10個家庭的差不多20口人住。所以,胡同里的生活充滿了友善和人情味。如今,隨著社會和經(jīng)濟的飛速發(fā)展,很多胡同被新的高樓大廈所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下來。InBeijing,therearenumeroushutongs.Thelifeofcommonpeopleinhutongsbringsendlesscharmtotheancientcapital,Beijing.ThehutongsinBeijingarenotonlythelivingenvironmentofcommonpeoplebutalsoakindofarchitecture.Usually,thereisacourtyardcomplexinsidehutong,withroomssharedby4to10familiesofabout20people.Therefore,lifeinhutongsisfulloffriendlinessandgenuinehumanity.Nowadays,withrapidsocialandeconomicdevelopment,manyhutongsarereplacedbynewtallbuildings.Itishopedthathutongscanbepreserved.在中國,農(nóng)歷正月十五是元宵節(jié)(TheLanternFestival)。元宵節(jié)是中華民族的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日,也是春節(jié)之后的第一個重要節(jié)日。這是一年中第一個月圓(full-moon)之夜,標志著春天的回歸。按中國民間的傳統(tǒng),在這天上皓月高懸的夜晚(moon-litnight),人們要點起彩色的燈籠,以示慶賀。中國幅員遼闊,歷史悠久,所以元宵節(jié)的習(xí)俗在全國各地也不盡相同,其中吃元宵、賞花燈、猜燈謎(guessinglanternriddles)是元宵節(jié)重要的民間習(xí)俗。TheLanternFestivalfallsonthe15thdayofthefirstlunarmonthinChina.ItisatraditionalfestivaloftheChinesenation,andthefirstimportantoneafterSpringFestival.Thisisthefirstfull-moonnightoftheyear,andalsomarksthereturnofspring.AccordingtofolktraditioninChina,peoplelightcolorfullanternsascelebrationonthismoon-litnight.Becauseofitsvastterritoryandlonghistory,ChinahasmanydifferentcustomsfortheLanternFestivalacrossthecountry,amongwhicheatingyuanxiao(sweet,stickyricedumplings),admiringbeautifullanternsandguessinglanternriddlesarethemostimportant.風(fēng)水(Fengshui)是中國建筑中的一個特殊傳統(tǒng),是古人對空間的布置與安排方法,其目的是為了實現(xiàn)建筑與環(huán)境的和諧共存。風(fēng)水的字面意思就是“風(fēng)和水”。在古代,風(fēng)水通常將從選址、設(shè)計、建筑直到內(nèi)部和外部裝修的整個過程聯(lián)系在一起。它將天、地、人三者融為一體(trinity),并且在所選的地址、方位、自然法則以及人類命運之間尋求和諧。它反對人對自然的破壞,而是強調(diào)人與環(huán)境的共處(cohabitation),這種狀態(tài)被認為是完美、神秘的。Fengshui,aspecialChinesetraditionalinarchitecture,istheancientChinesepracticeofplacementandarrangementofspacetoachievecoexistenceinharmonywiththeenvironment.Fengshuicanbetranslatedliterallyas“wind-water”.Fengshuiusuallylinksthewholeprocessfromsiteselection,designing,constructionandinteriorandexteriordecorationinancienttimes.Itcombinesthetrinityoftheheaven,earth,andhumans,andseeksharmonybetweenselectedsite,orientation,naturedoctrineandhumanfate.Itrepulseshumandestructionofnatureandstressescohabitationwiththeenvironment,whichisregardedasbeingperfectandmysterious.中國的戲劇歷史悠久。誕生在北京的京劇是中國流傳最廣、影響最大的一個劇種。京劇在形成過程中,受到北京方言和風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣的影響,又吸收了許多地方戲的精華。中國由于地域遼闊,各地的方言不同,地方戲多達360多種。其中,粵劇用廣東話演唱,風(fēng)格獨特。粵劇主要流行于廣東、廣西、福建南部一帶,以及香港、澳門(Macao)和海外華人社區(qū)。Chineseoperahasalonghistory.ThoughBeijing/PekingOperaoriginatedfromBeijing,itisthemostpopularandinfluentialoperainChina.Inthecourseofitsformation,itassimilatedthebestfrommanylocaloperaswhileitwasaffectedbyBeijing’slocaldialectandcustoms.DuetothevastterritoryandvariousnationalitiesofChina,thereareagreatvarietyoflocaloperas,numberingwellover360.Amongthelocaloperas,GuangdongOperaisuniqueasitissunginGuangdongdialect(ortheCantonesedialect).ItispopularinGuangdong,GuangxiandthesouthernpartofFujian,aswellasinHongKong,MacaoandtheoverseasChinesecommunitiesintherestoftheworld.中國人有著獨特的生活方式,有些民俗很有意思,比如中式婚禮。中國人結(jié)婚與西方人不大一樣。西方人要進教堂,而中國人要大擺宴席。西方人要上帝賜福,而中國人要拜天地、拜父母。西方人結(jié)婚,新娘穿著潔白的婚紗舉行婚禮。中國傳統(tǒng)的婚禮上,新娘穿紅衣服,紅色象征吉祥?;槎Y的種種安排反映了中國人向往幸福安康和吉祥如意的美好生活。TheChinesepeoplehaveauniquewayoflife.Theyhavesomefascinatingsoc

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