大學英語第三冊第五單元詞匯

jumble— n.aconfusedoruntidygroupofthingse.g.

thejumblewhichcoversthesurfaceofthedesk Hefoundanuntidyjumbleofthingsinthedrawer.attheoutset—atthebeginninge.g. Youshouldexplainthistohimattheoutset.

Attheoutset

ofhiscareer,hedidn'tearnverymuch money.asAmericanasapplepie

—typicallyAmericanSinceapplepieisacommondessertintheU.S.A,thiscomparisonemphasizesthatLisa,thewriter'swife,isatypicalAmerican.standfor—represent;mean

e.g. Theolivebranchstandsforpeace. TheabbreviationNSPCCstandsforNationalSociety forthePreventionofCrueltytoChildren.ambition—

n.strongdesireforsuccess,power,money,etc.e.g. Thatpoliticianisfullofambition. ToomuchambitioncausedJohntoactselfishly.Ambitionalsomeansthedesireeventuallytobecomeordosomethingspecial.Examples:Herlifelongambitionwastobeateacher.HehasalwayshadanambitiontogotoNewYork.after—prep.insearchof;withadesirefore.g.

I'mafteratietogowiththisshirt. I'msureshe'saftermyhusband.catchon—1.becomepopular流行起來

2.understand懂得,理解e.g.

Willhelicoptersevercatchonasacommonmodeof transport?

Thebestthingaboutthisnewworkeristhathe catchesonveryfast.

Thesecondtimetheteacherexplainedtheproblem, theboycaughton.Key:

Thatnewsongcaughtonquickly.Translation:那首新歌很快流行了起來.catchon—1.becomepopular流行起來

2.understand懂得,理解Key:

Thatnewsongcaughtonquickly.Translation:那首新歌很快流行了起來.Here,it'sbecomepartofthepowergame.

powergame

—asituationinwhichdifferentpeopleorgroupsarecompetingforpowerParaphrase

?KeyHereinAmerica,breakfasthasbecomeoneoftheactivitiesinthecompetitionforpower.IwasrefusedaVISAcardonthegroundsthatIdidn'thaveacreditprofile.

VISA威世信用卡（美國的一種購物信用卡）VisaInternationalisacreditcardandpaymentsystemcompanybasedinFosterCity,nearSanFrancisco,California,U.S.A.Visaistheworld'slargestconsumerpaymentcompany,withmorethan500millioncardsissuedandmorethanhalfoftheworld'smarketintransactions.Visaiscollectivelyownedbymorethan20,000memberfinancialinstitutionsaroundtheworld.TheseinstitutionsissueVisacards,andeachestablishesthetermsthatitwilloffertoconsumers,suchasratesandfees.Moretolearncreditprofile

—ashortdescriptionofaperson'sreputationin moneymattersMoretolearnIwasrefusedaVISAcardonthegroundsthatIdidn'thaveacreditprofile.

e.g.

Hisrequestwasdisallowedonthegroundsthathe wasnotafullmemberoftheclub.

Hewasalwaysdecliningtheirinvitationsonthe groundsofillhealth.Paraphrase

?KeyIfailedtogetaVISAcardbecauseIdidn'thaveanythinginthewrittenformtoprovemycredit.IwasrefusedaVISAcardonthegroundsthatIdidn'thaveacreditprofile.

onthegroundsthat

—because根據,以…為理由dealer—

n. apersonwhosebusinessinvolvesbuyingandselling商人；證券經紀人Compare:dealer

and

businessmanBothadealerandabusinessmanarepeopledoingbusiness,butadealerisatraderwhohandlesacertaintypeofgoodsandhasaspecializedknowledgeofthesegoods,whileabusinessmanisapersonwhonotonlyworksinbusiness,butalsoisthemanagerofacompany.Examples:aused-cardealeradealerinantique（古董）furnitureHewasasuccessfulbusinessmanbeforebecomingawriter.theFrenchvisitorscheeredatthesightofbody-conscious

Americansbending,stretchingandleapingaround

atthesightof

—

assoonasseeing(sth.orsb.)一見之下;立即e.g. Janefaintedatthesightofblood. Thechildlaughedatthesightof

theclockworktoy.MoretolearntheFrenchvisitorscheered

atthesightofbody-consciousAmericansbending,stretchingandleapingaround

Thecombiningform—consciousisusedtocombinewithwordssuchas“safety”,“energy”,“weight”,“figure”,“health”,etc.toformcompoundswhichindicatethatapersonthinksthisparticularaspectofasituationisimportant,andisawareoforworriedaboutit.e.g. Wehavetobeverysafety-consciouswiththissortof machine. Heissoweight-conscious—I'veneverseenanyoneso careful aboutwhattheyeat.obsession— n.afixedideafromwhichthemindcannotbefreede.g. Taylor's

fascinationwithbeesdevelopedintoan obsession.

Hisobsessionwithmotorbikesinfuriates（激怒）his wife.InEurope,peopleprogressinanaturalandorderlywayfromtheuseoflastnamestotheuseoffirstnames.Here,it'sfirstnamesatfirstsight.

InEurope,peopleuselastnamesintalkingtoeachotherwhentheyfirstmeetanddon'tyetknoweachotherwell,andthen,unconsciouslyandstepbystep,theybegintousefirstnamesastheygettoknoweachotherbetter.ButhereinAmerica,peopleusefirstnamesevenwhentheymeetforthefirsttime.Translation ?Key:在歐洲，人們從用姓到用名，有一個自然有序發(fā)展的過程，在這兒,第一次見面就直呼其名。addictive—a.causingapersontobesousedtosth.thattheperson cannotstopusingite.g.Cocaine（可卡因）andnicotine（尼古?。゛readdictivesubstances.

TheproblemwithPCgamesisthattheyareaddictive.beinchargeof— beresponsiblefor

e.g.Mr.Smithis

inchargeof

thisproject.WhowillbeinchargeofthedepartmentwhenDavidleaves?do-it-yourself— theactivityofmakingorrepairingthingsoneself,insteadofpayingworkmene.g.Thepopularityofdo-it-yourself(DIY)hasputalotofdecoratorsoutofbusiness.AnewDIYstorehasjustopened.Americanshavepoliciestocovereverypossiblerisk,nomatterhowremote.policy—n.adocumentwhichshowstheagreementonehasmadewithaninsurancecompanyremote—a.(ofapossibility,etc)veryunlikelytohappen; slightTranslateintoChinese

?Key美國人對每一種可能的風險都買保險，無論那種風險多么微小。

mortgage— n.抵押；抵押貸款— vt.use(one'slandorhouse)asaguaranteetothelendinginstitutioninordertoborrowmoneyfromit抵押e.g.Wehadapartywhenwemadethelastpaymentonourhomemortgage.Imortgagedthehousesomychildrencouldgotocollege.theyellowlineatimmigrationcontrol

thelinemarkedinyellowatinternationalairportsintheU.S.A.forpeopletostandalongandhavetheirpassportscheckedbyimmigrationofficersNotethatthewordlineinthesentenceisusedintwodifferentmeanings.Hereitisalong,thinmarkdrawnorpaintedonasurface,butin“Americanlines”itmeansaqueue,oranumberofpeoplestandingonebehindanotherformingacontinuousrow.Moretolearntheyellowlineatimmigrationcontrolimmigration—n.thecomingofpeopleintoacountryinordertoworkorsettlethereCompare:

migration,emigrationandimmigrationMigrationreferstothemovementofnumbersofpeopleorcreaturesfromplacetoplace，emigrationmeansleavingone'scountrytoliveinanother,whileimmigrationistheprocessofcomingintoanewcountrytolive.queue— n.alineofpeoplewaiting(forabus,tobeserved,toentera place,etc.)— vi.formorjoinaline排隊(等候)

e.g.

Aqueue

ofcustomerswaitedforthebanktoopen. Thetouristsqueuedupinfrontofthepalace.nooneshowsitoffshowoff— trytoimpresspeopleandmakethemadmireyourability,achievements,orpossessionsshowsth.off— showsth.toalotofpeoplebecauseyouareveryproudofite.g.PaynoattentiontoSusan—she’sjustshowingoff.Peterwaskeentoshowoffhisnewcar.assumption—n. 1.sth.thatistakenastruewithoutproof假定；臆斷 2.thetaking(ofpowerorresponsibility)奪?。淮蹔Ze.g.Peopleoftenmakeassumptionsthatturnouttobefalse.Myassumptionwasthatyouwouldremembertheappointment,soIdidn'tremindyou.Therebel'ssuddenassumption

ofpowershockedthewholenation.bringup—

nurtureandeducate(achild)養(yǎng)育;教育e.g.Whentheirparentsdied,anauntbroughtthemup.Davidwasbroughtuptorespectteachers.seetheminactionIfyouseesomeoneorsomethinginaction,youseethemdoingthejoboractivitythattheyaretrainedordesignedtodo.TranslateintoChinese

?Key看到他們真的上了電視

e.g.

excitingphotosofskijumpersinaction I’dliketoseethenewcomputersysteminaction.EversincearrivinginWashington,we’vebeenhurryingtotakeadvantageofthisweek'sunrepeatableoffer,onlytodiscoverthatit'susuallyrepeatednextweektakeadvantageof—makeuseof;profitfrom利用Moretolearne.g.Youshouldtakeadvantageofthelowpricesandbuy.Thegovernment'scomplicatedtaxrulestakeadvantageofthepeoplewhodon'tunderstandthem.TranslateintoChinese

?onlytodosth.—todosth.asadisappointingorsurprisingresultKey自從到達華盛頓以后，我們總是急匆匆地趕去享受本周的一次性削價優(yōu)惠，結果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)下周又會出現(xiàn)這種優(yōu)惠。EversincearrivinginWashington,we’vebeenhurryingtotakeadvantageofthisweek'sunrepeatableoffer,onlytodiscoverthatit'susuallyrepeatednextweeke.g.ScottarrivedattheSouthPoleonlytofind

thatAmundsenhadgottherebeforehim.Moretodoonlytodosth.MoretodoRewriteeachofthefollowingsentences,usingan“only+toinfinitive”clause.(Ex.X)1. AfterdrivingallnightwegottoAmy'splace,andthenweunexpectedlydiscoveredthatshewasawayfortheweekend. Wedroveallnight[toget]toAmy’splace,onlytodiscoverthatshewasawayfortheweekend.onlytodosth.MoretodoRewriteeachofthefollowingsentences,usingan“only+toinfinitive”clause.(Ex.X)2. Hespentagesnegotiatingforapayincrease,andthenheunexpectedlyresignedfromhisjobsoonafterhe'dreceivedit. Hespentagesnegotiatingforapayincrease,only toresignfromhisjobsoonafterhe’dreceivedit.onlytodosth.MoretodoRewriteeachofthefollowingsentences,usingan“only+toinfinitive”clause.(Ex.X)3. Hespentfouryearsgettingadegree,andthenhewassurprisedtolearnthattherewerenojobsforgraduates. Hespentforyearsgettingadegree,onlytolearn thattherewerenojobsforgraduates.onlytodosth.MoretodoRewriteeachofthefollowingsentences,usingan“only+toinfinitive”clause.(Ex.X)4. Ihurriedtotheshop,andthenwassurprisedtofinditwasclosed. Ihurriedtotheshoponlytofinditwasclosed.onlytodosth.MoretodoRewriteeachofthefollowingsentences,usingan“only+toinfinitive”clause.(Ex.X)5. ScottarrivedattheSouthPoleonJanuary18th,andthenunexpectedlyfoundthatAmudsenhadgottherebeforehim. ScottarrivedattheSouthPoleonJanuary18th, onlytofindthatAmudsenhadgottherebefore him.onlytodosth.Rewriteeachofthefollowingsentences,usingan“only+toinfinitive”clause.(Ex.X)6. Iracedhometotellmyfamilythegoodnews,andthenunexpectedlyfelldownthestairsandbrokemyleg. Iracedhometotellmyfamilythegoodnews,only tofalldownthestairsandbreakmyleg.contagious —a.1. (ofafeelingorattitude)spreadingquicklyfrom persontoperson(情緒等)感染性的 2. (ofadisease)thatcanspreadfrompersonto person(疾病)傳染的e.g.Laughterisoftencontagious.Thefluisahighlycontagiousdisease.inagreementwith—

同意，贊同

e.g.Thebusinesspartnerswereneverinagreementwitheachotheraboutmarketingstrategies.Astothismatter,I'mincompleteagreementwithyou.e.g.I'mgoingtobedearly,andsoforthatmattershouldyou(=youshouldalso).Don'ttalklikethattoyourmother—ortoanyoneelseforthatmatter(=nortoanyoneelseeither).forthatmatter—(usedtoshowthatastatementistrueinanothersituationorthatitcanalsorefertoanotherperson)e.g.Thesoldierstookthecastlebyforce.Thepolicehadtoscatterthecrowdbyforce.byforce—byfierceorviolentmeans用武力或強迫手段TheEuropeancounterpartremainsapaleshadowoftheall-Americanoriginal.bea(pale)shadowof—

belesspowerfulorinfluentialoreffectivethanMoretolearne.g.Thenewministerisapaleshadowofhispredecessor.Sheusedtobeagreatplayer,butnowshe'sonlyashadowofherformerself.original—a. athingfromwhichanotheriscopied,imitatedor translatedParaprase

?KeyTheEuropeanyuppiesaremuchlessimpressivethanthetypicalyuppiesofAmericawheretheyoriginated.

TheEuropeancounterpartremainsapaleshadowoftheall-Americanoriginal.e.g.TheoriginalofthispaintingisinRome.Ishallkeeptheoriginalofthisreport.Youcan haveaphotocopyifyouwant.thinkbig—

haveambitiousidease.g.Hecertainlythinksbig,butrarelytakesanyaction.Traditionally,oneisexpectedtobemodestratherthanthinkbig.1. Whatwastheauthor'saimincompilingthislist?2. Whydoeshefeelhe“shouldexplainattheoutset”whereheandhiswifearefrom(Paragraph2)?

Answerthefollowingquestions:ToofferanentertaininglookatwhyAmericacanseemsostrangetovisitorsfromabroad.Sothatthereaderunderstandsthepointofviewfromwhichthearticlewaswritten.SothatpeoplewillrealizethatmanyofthethingslistedarejuststrangeforAmericansastheyareforothers.Exercises?Comprehension3. DoestheauthoradmireanyoftheAmericanphenomenathathementionsinhislist?4. WhichoftheAmericanattitudesandhabitsonthelistdoestheauthorsay(orimply)thathe'sadoptedhimself?Heseemstoadmirewhathelistsunderdreams,gadgets,lines,andquiet—perhapshardwarestoresaswell.Owningcreditcardsandgadgets,usingfirstnames,takingadvantageofsales,watchingtoomuchTV.Exercises?ComprehensionAnswerthefollowingquestions:5. HowdoestheauthordefinetheAmericanDream?6. WhydidtheFrenchjournalists“cheeratthesightofbody-consciousAmericans”(Paragraph7)?

Hedefinesitasavisionthatpeoplecanbecomeanythingtheywanttobecome.Becausethey’dheard/readaboutthisstrangephenomenonandwerepleasedtoseeitinperson.Exercises?ComprehensionAnswerthefollowingquestions:7. Accordingtotheauthor,howdoestheAmericanuseoffirstnamesconfuseEuropeans?

8. HowdoestheauthorexplaintheEuropeanattitudetowardsmoney?HejokesthattheAmericanusoffirstnamesleavesEuropeansunabletodistinguishfriendsfromacquaintances.Hesaysthatunlessafamilyhasbeenwealthyformanygenerations,peoplesuspectthatthemoneywasacquireddishonestly.Exercises?ComprehensionAnswerthefollowingquestions:9. JudgingfromtheotherdescriptionsofEuropeanattitudesinthetext,whydoestheideaofhavingreligiononTValarmEuropeans?

10. Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Ulcers:SeeWork”?

ThewriteremphasizestheEuropeanviewthatmanythingsshouldbekeptprivate,notshownoffinpublic,andthismightwellbetheirviewofreligiousbeliefsaswell.HemeansthattheAmericanemphasisonworkleadstoexcessivestress,whichcausesulcers.Exercises?ComprehensionAnswerthefollowingquestions:11. WhydoeshewonderaboutthequestionnairesforeignersmustfilloutinordertoentertheUnitedStates?

12. Whatdoesthelastsentenceofthetextmean?Becausethequestionsaresilly:Noterroristorcriminalwouldconfessonaquestionnairelikethis.Therearedoubtlessmanypossibleinterpretationsofthis,butIwouldsay:NomatterwhatyoumaylikeordislikeaboutAmerica,it’sundeniablethatAmericanshave—forbetterorworse—highambitions.Exercises?ComprehensionAnswerthefollowingquestions:1. Politiciansarealwayspromisingtointroduce__________toraisesalariesandlowertaxes.Exercises?Vocabulary2. Thenewpoetrycollectionwas__________fromawidevarietyofsourcesandincludespoemsfromtwelvecountriesandsevencenturies.III. Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.

legislation

compiled

compile ambition orderly confusion acquaintancesupplementrenowned impressiveassumptionamuse legislation emigrate3. Everycultureisfullofbeliefsand__________thatmostpeopleneverquestionuntiltheycomeintocontactwithanotherculture.Exercises?Vocabulary4. Manypeoplewho__________toAmericainhopesofbecomingricharesurprisedathowhardtheyhavetowork.III. Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.emigrate

assumptionscompile ambition orderly confusion acquaintancesupplementrenowned impressiveassumptionamuse legislation emigrate5. Hehasawidecircleof______________butveryfewclosefriends.Exercises?Vocabulary6. She'sa__________tennisplayer,butherreal__________istobecomeawriter.III. Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.

acquaintances

renowned

compile ambition orderly confusion acquaintancesupplementrenowned impressiveassumptionamuse legislation emigrateambition

7. Toavoid__________,you'dbetterstartbyexplainingthewholeideafrombeginningtoendinan__________pile ambition orderly confusion acquaintancesupplementrenowned impressiveassumptionamuse legislation emigrateExercises?Vocabulary8. Whenyoutakeasmallchildonalongtrip,youneedtobringlotsofbooksandtoystokeephimorher__________.III. Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.

confusion

amusedorderly

9. MostvisitorstoShanghaifinditavery__________________city.Exercises?Vocabulary10. Theyteachatnightschoolto__________theirincome,whichotherwisewouldn'tbesufficienttoliveon.III. Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.

impressive/amusing

supplement

compile ambiti