大學(xué)英語英國文學(xué)Robert Browning

RobertBrowning

(1812-1889)RobertBrowning

(1812-1889)Browning'sCareerBrowning'sMarriageBrowning’sWorksPauline

modelingonShelley’spersonalstyle,showedhisenthusiasmforShelley.Sordello(1834-1840)alongpoemaboutthe13thcenturytroubadour(游吟詩人)ofthatname.

Paracelsus(1835)firstworkpublishedunderBrowning’sownname.Becauseofit,ThomasNoonTalfourdpraisedhimas“theyoungestpoetofEngland”.Porphyria’sLover(1836)hisfirstreallydistinctivemonologue.PippaPasses(1841)isthefirstofaseriesofpoemspublishedbetween1841and1846underthegenerlof“BellsandPomegranates”.Browning’sWorksMyLastDuchess

Browning’sbestknowndramaticmonologue.ItisaspeechaddressedbytheDukeofFerrara(acityinItaly)toanenvoywhocomestonegotiatetheDuke’scontemplatedmarriageafterhehasputhis“l(fā)astduchess”tosilence.DramaticLyrics(1842)DramaticRomancesandLyrics(1845)BellsandPomegranatesMenandWomen(1855)DramaticPersonae(1864)TheRingandtheBook(1868-1869)Browning'sMarriagePippaPasses

isthefirstofaseriesofpoemspublishedbetween1841and1846underthegeneraltitleofBellandPomegranates.ThesepoemsattractedtheattentionofMissElizabethBarrett,awell-knownpoetessofthetime,whopraisedBrowninginoneofherpoems:

"OrfromBrowningsomepomegranatewhich,ifcutdeepdownthemiddle,Showsaheartwithinblood-tincturedofaveinedhumanity."Browningwasencouragedtowritealetterofthanks,hintingawishtobepermittedtovisither.Thusbeganaloveaffairbetweenthesetwopoets,whichhasbecomeafamousstoryinEnglishliteraryhistory.Browning’sMarriage

ElizabethBarrettBrowningElizabethBarrettBrowning(1806-1861)bornin1806inarichfamily.becameahelplessinvalidconfinedtoherownroomwhenshewas15.Browning'sMarriageElizabethBarrettBrowningwhenshewas13,herfatherpublishedprivatelywhatshecalledher"greatepic",TheBattleofMarathon.At20,shepublishedhersecondvolumnofpoems.HertranslationoftheGreektragedyPrometheusBoundappearedin1833.InthesameyearherfamilymovedtoLondon,whereshemadefriendswithWordsworthandotherwriters.You’llLoveMeYet你終將愛我You'lllovemeyet!—andIcantarryYourlove'sprotractedgrowing:Junerear'dthatbunchofflowersyoucarry,FromseedsofApril'ssowing.Iplantaheartfulnow:someseedAtleastissuretostrike,Andyield—whatyou'llnotpluckindeed,Notlove,but,maybe,like.You'lllookatleastonlove'sremains,Agrave'soneviolet:Yourlook?—thatpaysathousandpains.What'sdeath?You'lllovemeyet!你總有愛我的一天，我能等著你的愛慢慢地長大。你手里提的那把花，不也是四月下的種子，六月開的嗎？如今我在心里撒滿愛的種子，至少有一兩粒會(huì)發(fā)芽罷。然后開花了，你也不會(huì)去采的。沒有愛，至少，會(huì)有點(diǎn)喜歡罷。你總會(huì)看一眼，我墳頭的紫羅蘭。那一眼，抵了我萬千煩惱。死又怎樣？你總有愛我的一天。

你總有愛我的一天

——

［英］羅伯特·勃朗寧我能等著你的愛慢慢的長大。你手里提的那把花，不也是四月下的種子，六月開嗎？我如今種下滿心窩的種子，至少總有一兩粒生根發(fā)芽，開的花是你不要采的——不是愛，也許是一點(diǎn)喜歡吧。我墳前開的一朵紫羅蘭——愛的遺跡——你總會(huì)瞧他一眼；你那一眼嗎？抵得我千般苦惱了。死算什么？你總有愛我的一天。HowdoIlovethee?Letmecounttheways.我究竟怎樣愛你，讓我細(xì)數(shù)端詳：Ilovetheetothedepthandbreadthandheight我愛你直到我靈魂所及的深度、廣度和高度，Mysoulcanreach,whenfeelingoutofsight恰似我的靈魂飛到了九天與黃泉，F(xiàn)ortheendsofBeingandidealGrace.去探索人生的奧密和神靈的恩典。Ilovetheetothelevelofeveryday's無論是白晝還是夜晚，我愛你不息，Mostquietneed,bysunandcandlelight.像我每日必需的攝生食物不能間斷。Ilovetheefreely,asmenstriveforRight;我自由地愛你，就象男子們?yōu)檎x而斗爭；SonnetsfromthePortugueseIlovetheepurely,astheyturnfromPraise.我純潔地愛你，不為奉承吹捧迷惑，Ilovetheewiththepassionputtouse我愛你，用的是我在昔日的悲傷里Inmyoldgriefs,andwithmychildhood'sfaith.用過的那種激情，以及童年的忠誠IlovetheewithaloveIseemedtolose愛你用的愛，我本以為我早就失去Withmylostsaints,-Ilovetheewiththebreath,（與我失去的圣徒一同），我愛你用的笑容、Smiles,tears,ofallmylife!-and,ifGodchoose,眼淚、呼吸和生命！只要上帝允許：Ishallbutlovetheebetterafterdeath.在我死后，我只會(huì)愛你更加深情！SonnetsfromthePortuguese“Growoldwithme,thebestisyettobe.”DramaticMonologue Dramaticmonologueinpoetry,alsoknownasapersonapoem,sharesmanycharacteristicswithatheatricalmonologue:anaudienceisimplied;thereisnodialogue;andthepoetspeaksthroughanassumedvoice—acharacter,afictionalidentity,orapersona.

Browningregardingdramaticmonologues:“Mystressliesintheincidentsinthedevelopmentofthesoul:littleelseisworthstudy.”Keypoints:self-exposure&psychologicalportrayalWhatistheStereotypesoftheEra?Free,open,andnaturalexpressionofemotionsisquintessentiallyRomantic,whereasCourtesy,modesty,reserve,repression,(抑制)containment,（含蓄）composure,（謹(jǐn)慎）artifice,（詭計(jì)）andsecrecyarequintessentiallyVictorian.FeaturesoftheEraVictoria’sSecret“Victoria’sSecret”ismeanttocaptureanironyinVictorian“modesty”.Forexample,effortstocoverup,dressup,orhidenuditycanmerelyaccentuatethethoughtofit;lacecoveringsareveryVictorian.VOnVictorianFashionandModesty:Thenecklinewashighexceptforevenings:asC.W.Cunningtonremarks,'Thehighwatermarkofmodestywouldebbaftersunsetsomesixinches!'(AHandbookofEnglishCostumeinthe19thCentury).Notetheappearanceofsomecoveredwristsandsomegloves.“Victoria’sSecret”Browning’s“MyLastDuchess”exemplifyrepression.Thespeakersdon’tquitetellitthewayitis,butthereaders,likeFreud,caninterpretwhat’swrongwiththespeakers.ReadbetweenthelinesProbeintothedepth曲折隱晦欲說還休Aretheresomelisteners?Howdoyouknowit?WhoistheDukeofFerraratalkingtointhepoem?WhyishisguestvisitingtheDukeofFerrara?WhopaintedthepictureoftheDuke’slatewife?Questions墻上的這幅畫是我的前公爵夫人，看起來就像她活著一樣。如今，我稱它為奇跡：潘道夫畫師的手筆經(jīng)一日忙碌，從此她就在此站立。你愿坐下看看她嗎？我有意提起潘道夫，因?yàn)橥鈦淼纳停ɡ缒悖┓彩且娏水嬛忻枥L的面容、那真摯的眼神的深邃和熱情，沒有一個(gè)不轉(zhuǎn)向我（因?yàn)槌彝庠贈(zèng)]有別人把畫上的簾幕拉開），似乎想問我可是又不大敢問；是從哪兒來的——這樣的眼神？你并非第一個(gè)人回頭這樣問我。先生，不僅僅是她丈夫的在座使公爵夫人面帶歡容，可能潘道夫偶然說過：“夫人的披風(fēng)蓋住她的手腕太多，”或者說：“隱約的紅暈向頸部漸漸隱沒，這絕非任何顏料所能復(fù)制。”這種無聊話，卻被她當(dāng)成好意，也足以喚起她的歡心。她那顆心——怎么說好呢？——要取悅?cè)菀椎煤埽蔡赘袆?dòng)。她看到什么都喜歡，而她的目光又偏愛到處觀看。先生，她對什么都一樣！她胸口上佩戴的我的贈(zèng)品，或落日的余光；過分殷勤的傻子在園中攀折給她的一枝櫻桃，或她騎著繞行花圃的白騾——所有這一切都會(huì)使她同樣地贊羨不絕，或至少泛起紅暈。她感激人．好的！但她的感激（我說不上怎么搞的）仿佛把我賜她的九百年的門第與任何人的贈(zèng)品并列。誰愿意屈尊去譴責(zé)這種輕浮舉止？即使你有口才（我卻沒有）能把你的意志給這樣的人兒充分說明：“你這點(diǎn)或那點(diǎn)令我討厭。這兒你差得遠(yuǎn)，而那兒你超越了界限?！奔词顾下犇氵@樣訓(xùn)誡她而毫不爭論，毫不為自己辯解，——我也覺得這會(huì)有失身份，所以我選擇絕不屈尊。哦，先生，她總是在微笑，每逢我走過；但是誰人走過得不到同樣慷慨的微笑？發(fā)展至此，我下了令：于是一切微笑都從此制止。她站在那兒，像活著一樣。請你起身，客人們在樓下等。我再重復(fù)一聲：你的主人——伯爵先生聞名的大方足以充分保證：我對嫁妝提出任何合理要求都不會(huì)遭拒絕；當(dāng)然，如我開頭聲明的，他美貌的小姐才是我追求的目標(biāo)。別客氣，讓咱們一同下樓吧。但請看這海神尼普頓在馴服海馬，這是件珍貴的收藏，是克勞斯為我特制的青銅鑄像MyLastDuchess

Inthispoem,Browningcreatesacharacterofchillingcoldnessandcruelty.ThespeakerisaDukewhoisconductingnegotiationsforabride,anewduchess.Heistalkingwiththerepresentativesofpotentialfatherinlaw.Almostcasually,heshowsthemthepictureofthelastduchesswhomhehadkilledbecausehecouldnotdominateher.Imaginethisscene…AstatelyhomeArich,devastatinglyhandsomeDuke,flowingdarkhair,brightblueeyes,avelvetjacket,anornatelyembroideredwaistcoatwithgoldbuttons,awalkingcaneadornedwithjewels.Anenvoy–amansenttomeettheDuke–alesserman,smartlydressedbutdoesnothavetheDuke’smoneyorcharismaandtheDukeknowsit.TheDuketakestheenvoyaroundhishometoshowoffhisartcollection,includingaportraitofhislatewife,theLastDuchess.ThepictureiskepthiddenBehindacurtainWheretheDukecanenjoyitbyhimselfRobertBrowning’s“MyLastDuchess”(1842)Acontemporarypaintingofa“VictorianPortrait”(NiagraArtCollection)Otherdepictionsoftheduchess:QuestionsWhyistheDuchessnotsmilinginthepainting?FerraraThat’smylastDuchesspaintedonthewall,Lookingasifshewerealive.IcallThatpieceawonder,now:Immediatesenseofhimowninghispreviouswife.Implieshewaslesssatisfiedwhenshewasalive.Shehasbecomemerelya‘piece’ofart.TheDukeofFerrarawasarealhistoricalperson墻上的這幅畫是我的前公爵夫人，看起來就像她活著一樣。如今，我稱它為奇跡：

Thenameofthearitist.QuestiontotheenvoywhohasbeensentbyacountwhowishestheDuketomarryhisdaughter.Verbimpliessheisalive.FraPandolf’shandsWorkedbusilyaday,andthereshestands.Will’tpleaseyousitandlookather?Isaid‘FraPandolf’bydesign,潘道夫畫師的手筆經(jīng)一日忙碌，從此她就在此站立。你愿坐下看看她嗎？我有意提起潘道夫，

forneverreadStrangerslikeyouthatpicturedhercountenance,Thedepthandpassionofitsearnestglance,Powerfulandemotivelanguage.Highlightshowstronglyhebelievesnoonebutahusbandshouldseesuchfeelinginhereyes.因?yàn)橥鈦淼纳停ɡ缒悖┓彩且娏水嬛忻枥L的面容、那真摯的眼神的深邃和熱情，

Buttomyselftheyturned(sincenoneputsbyThecurtainIhavedrawnforyou,butI)Andseemedastheywouldaskme,iftheydurstHowsuchaglancecamethere;

Sinisterasideinbrackets.Shedoesn’tlookatanyoneelsewiththosepassionateeyesbecausehedoesn’tallowanyoneelsetolookatthepicture.Durst=dareto.沒有一個(gè)不轉(zhuǎn)向我（因?yàn)槌彝庠贈(zèng)]有別人把畫上的簾幕拉開），似乎想問我可是又不大敢問；是從哪兒來的——這樣的眼神

so,notthefirstAreyoutoturnandaskthus.Sir,‘twasnotHerhusband’spresenceonly,calledthatspotOfjoyintotheDuchess’cheek:

ItwasnotjusttheDukewholookedatherandmadeherblush.‘Spotofjoy’=blushing.你并非第一個(gè)人回頭這樣問我。先生，不僅僅是她丈夫的在座使公爵夫人面帶歡容，

perhapsFraPandolfchancedtosay‘Hermantlelaps‘Overmylady’swristtoomuch,’or‘Paint‘Mustneverhopetoreproducethefaint‘Half-flushthatdiesalongherthroat:’

SpeechmarksindicateDukeisimaginingthecomplimentstheartistpaidtheDuchess.Mantle=shawl.可能潘道夫偶然說過：“夫人的披風(fēng)蓋住她的手腕太多，”或者說：“隱約的紅暈向頸部漸漸隱沒，這絕非任何顏料所能復(fù)制?！?/p>

suchstuffWascourtesy,shethought,andcauseenoughForcallingupthatspotofjoy.ShehadAheart–howshallIsay?–toosoonmadeglad,Tooeasilyimpressed;

PunctuationindicatesDukeissearchingforpolitewayofexpressinghisdiscontentatherbehaviour.Repetitionhighlightshowhefeelsshewastooeasilypleased.

這種無聊話，卻被她當(dāng)成好意，也足以喚起她的歡心。她那顆心——怎么說好呢？——要取悅?cè)菀椎煤?，也太易感?dòng)。

shelikedwhate’erShelookedon,andherlookswenteverywhere.Sir,‘twasallone!Myfavouratherbreast,ThedroppingofthedaylightintheWest,

Shetookpleasureineverythingshesaw.Hisattentiontoher.

Sunset,imageironicallymademorebeautifulbyuseofalliteration.Exclamationmarkshowshisangerthatshetookasmuchpleasureinhimaseverythingelse.她看到什么都喜歡，而她的目光又偏愛到處觀看。先生，她對什么都一樣！她胸口上佩戴的我的贈(zèng)品，或落日的余光

TheboughofcherriessomeofficiousfoolBrokeintheorchardforher,thewhitemuleSherodearoundtheterrace–allandeachWoulddrawfromheraliketheapprovingspeech,Orblush,atleast.

Bough=bunchOfficious=givingservicethatisn’twanted,doingmorethanisrequired.Mule=horse.

Sheblushesandthankseveryoneandeverything.

過分殷勤的傻子在園中攀折給她的一枝櫻桃，或她騎著繞行花圃的白騾——所有這一切都會(huì)使她同樣地贊羨不絕，或至少泛起紅暈。Otherthingsthatwereonequalimportancewere:Asunset.“Theboughofcherries”“thewhitemulesherodewithroundtheterrace”

Shethankedmen,-good!but

thanked–Somehow–Iknownothow–asifsherankedMygiftofanine-hundred-years-oldnameWithanybody’sgift.Who’dstooptoblameThissortoftrifling?

Stoop=tobenddown;hefeelshewouldhavetolowerhimselftotolerateheroverlyfriendlyactions.Dashesindicateagainhisdispleasureandincredulityatherbehaviour.Hecomesfromanancientandnoblefamily.Sheshouldbehonouredtobemarriedtohim.

她感激人．好的！但她的感激（我說不上怎么搞的）仿佛把我賜她的九百年的門第與任何人的贈(zèng)品并列。誰愿意屈尊去譴責(zé)這種輕浮舉止？

EvenhadyouskillInspeech–(whichIhavenot)–tomakeyourwillQuitecleartosuchaone,andsay,‘Justthis‘Orthatinyoudisgustsme;hereyoumiss,‘Orthereexceedthemark’

YetnarrativehassofardemonstratedheISaskilledspeaker.Strongemotionalreaction.Speechmarksindicatethedirectinstructionshemighthavetriedtogiveher.

即使你有口才（我卻沒有）能把你的意志給這樣的人兒充分說明：“你這點(diǎn)或那點(diǎn)令我討厭。這兒你差得遠(yuǎn)，而那兒你超越了界限?！?/p>

–andifsheletHerselfbelessonedso,notplainlysetHerwitstoyours,forsoothandmadeexcuse,E’enthenwouldbesomestooping;andIchooseNevertostoop.

IfshewaspreparedtobetaughtthecorrectwayforaDuchesstobehave.Repetitionofsamewordfromline34reinforceshowhefeelsitwouldbebeneathhimtotryandcorrecther.

即使她肯聽你這樣訓(xùn)誡她而毫不爭論，毫不為自己辯解，——我也覺得這會(huì)有失身份，所以我選擇絕不屈尊。

Ohsir,shesmiled,nodoubt,Whene’erIpassedher;butwhopassedwithoutMuchthesamesmile?Thisgrew;Igavecommands;Thenallsmilesstoppedtogether.

Rhetoricalquestion–theenvoyisnotexpectedtorespondortrytojustifytheDuchess’actions.Semicolonsseparateshort,powerfulclauses.Alliterationhighlightscalmandchillingwayhediscussesherdeath.

哦，先生，她總是在微笑，每逢我走過；但是誰人走過得不到同樣慷慨的微笑？發(fā)展至此，我下了令：于是一切微笑都從此制止。

ThereshestandsAsifalive.Will’tpleaseyourise?We’llmeetThecompanybelow,then.

Reinforcesthatsheoncewasalive,andisnowdeadsolelyathisinstruction.Asinline5,thepoliteinvitationisactuallyacommand.她站在那兒，像活著一樣。請你起身，客人們在樓下等。

Irepeat,

TheCountyourmaster’sknownmunificenceIsamplewarrantthatnojustpretenceOfminefordowrywillbedisallowed;Thoughhisfairdaughter’sself,asIavowedAtstarting,ismyobject.

Extremegenerosity.Dowry=theamountpaidbythebride’sfamilytothegroom.Hewon’tpretendheisn’tpersuadedbythemoney.

Thoughhemaintainsheisfarmorepersuadedbythebeautyofthegirlherself.

Hemadehislastwifeintoan‘object’.

我再重復(fù)一聲：你的主人——伯爵先生聞名的大方足以充分保證：我對嫁妝提出任何合理要求都不會(huì)遭拒絕；當(dāng)然，如我開頭聲明的，他美貌的小姐才是我追求的目標(biāo)。

Nay,we’llgoTogetherdown,sir.NoticeNeptune,though,Tamingasea-horse,thoughtararity,WhichClausofInnsbruckcastinbronzeforme.

Powerfulgodofthesea.Verbimpliesdominanceandcontrol.

Another‘object’thathehadmade,likehislastwife.

別客氣，讓咱們一同下樓吧。但請看這海神尼普頓在馴服海馬，這是件珍貴的收藏，是克勞斯為我特制的青銅鑄像。2.Characteranalysis:1).Thedukeproud,possessive,cruel,despotic,jealous,hypocritical,selfish,narrow-minded;aloverofthearts2).Theduchessgentle,kind,beautiful,noble-minded,democratic;3).EmissaryoftheCountofTyrol:hasnospeakingrole;simplylistensastheDukeofFerraratellshimaboutthelateDuchessofFerraraandthefrescoofheronthewall.Historically,theemissaryisidentifiedwithNikolausMadruz,ofInnsbruck,Austria.3.ThePortraitoftheDuchess

TheportraitofthelateDuchessofFerraraisafresco,atypeofworkpaintedinwatercolorsdirectlyonaplasterwall.Theportraitsymbolizestheduke'spossessiveandcontrollingnatureinasmuchastheduchesshasbecomeanartobjectwhichheownsandcontrols.3.Discrepancybetweenthed