安全人因工程Ergonomics Presentation

ErgonomicsIndustrialSessionObjectivesYouwillbeableto:UnderstandtheprinciplesofergonomicsRecognizetheriskfactors,signs,andsymptomsofmusculoskeletaldisorders(MSDs)Understandourprogramforidentifying,reporting,andcontrollingMSDsKnowhowtoprotectyourselffromMSDinjuriesandreduceyourriskWhatIsErgonomics?ModifyjobstofitcapabilitiesofpeopleReduceMSDsRepetitivereaching,forcefulexertions,bendingandlifting,orworkingwithvibratingequipmentEngineeringcontrolsSafeworkpracticesPPEMusculoskeletalDisorder(MSD)Injuries1.8millionMSDinjurieseachyear600,000MSDinjuriesrequiretimeawayfromwork

Regulation

OfErgonomicsGeneralDutyClauseAppliestounregulatedhazardsFailuretokeepahazard-freeworkplaceHazardrecognizedbyemployeroremployer’sindustryHazardcouldcausedeathorseriousharmMethodexiststocorrectthehazardMSD-TypeInjuriesRepetitiveMotion

63%RepetitivePlacing,

Grasping,or

MovingObjects20%Repetitive

UseofTools8%Typingor

KeyEntry9%CharacteristicsofMSDsOccurfromasingleeventormanysmallinjuriesTakeweeks,months,oryearstodevelopProducenosymptomsinearlystages,butshowsymptomsafterinjuryhasoccurredContributingcausesmayoccurathome

andatworkSameMSDmaydifferinseverityfrompersontopersondoingasimilartaskGeneralSignsofMSDsLessstrengthforgrippingLessrange

ofmotionLossof

musclefunctionInabilitytodo

everydaytasksMSDSymptomsBackandneck—

shootingpain,stiffnessShoulders—pain,stiffness,lossofmobilityArmsandlegs—

shootingpains,numbnessElbowandkneejoints—pain,swelling,stiffness,sorenessMSDSymptoms(cont.)Handsandwrists—swelling,numbness,lossofstrengthFingers—jerkingmovements,orloss

ofstrength,mobility,andfeelingThumbs—painat

thebaseFeetandtoes—

numbness,tingling,stiffness,burningsensationOutwardSignsofMSDsSwellingor

inflammationofjointsVigorously

shakinghandsMassaginghands,

wrists,orarmsCradlingarmsLimpingStiffbackCommonMSDsCarpaltunnelsyndromeLowbackpainEyestrainTendinitisTriggerfingerImageCredit:CalOSH&NIOSHCommonMSDs(cont.)DeQuervain’sdisease—forcefulgripCarpetlayer’sknee—contacttraumaRotatorcufftendinitis—repetitivemotionHerniateddisk—bendingandtwistingHand-armvibrationsyndromeActontheSignsofMSDActimmediately:ReporttheproblemSeekmedicalattentionEarlytreatmentandinterventioncanpreventpermanentinjuryWhatDoYouThink?Whatdoyouthink

iscausingthisemployee’spain?Howcanthisbeimproved?Employeeexperiencesseverebackpainoften.WhatIsCausingthePain?Possibilities:Repetitivelifting

ofheavyobjectsTwistingwhileliftingPoorliftingtechniquesLiftingaboveshouldersSingleliftinginjuryPoorconditioningWhatCanBeDone?UseliftingaidsDon’ttwistLiftusingyourlegs,notyourbackUseastoolorstepladderDon’toverdoitKeepyourbackinshapeWhichoftheseareMSDsymptoms?CheckYourKnowledgeLossof

musclefunctionRacingheartPainNumbnessTinglingüüüüyyyüüDizzinessExcessivecoughStiffnessSwellingofjointsMSDs—AnyQuestions?DoyouunderstandwhatMSDsareandthesignsandsymptomsofMSDs?RiskFactors

ThatLeadtoMSDsRepetitivemotionsForcefulexertionsAwkwardposturesContactstress(pressurepoints)VibrationsRiskFactor—

RepetitiveMotionStressonmusclesandtendonsContributingfactorsDurationandspeedofrepetitiousmovementNumberofmusclesinvolvedRequiredforceRaisingandloweringthearmoverandoveragainForcefulExertionsInflammationoftendons,nerves,jointsContributingfactorsTypeofgripWeightofobjectBodypostureTypeanddurationofthetaskImageCredit:OSHAAwkwardPosturesStressonmuscles

andtendonsContributingfactorsReachingoverheadForcethebodymustmaintaintoholdthepositionHoldingfixedpositions(staticloading)Liftingwhiletwisting,reaching,orturningContactStressPressingagainstorgrabbingahardobjectputspressureonnerves,tendons,

andbloodvesselsContributingfactorsRepetitionDurationofcontactGripstrengthrequiredVibrationAffectstendons,muscles,joints,nervesContributingfactorsProlongedgripRestrictsbloodsupply

tohandsandfingersToolswithoutvibrationdampeningdevicePoorpowertoolmaintenanceMSDsRelated

ToRiskFactorsDeQuervain’sdiseaseTriggerfingerRotatorcuffsyndromeThoracicoutletsyndromeHand-armvibrationsyndromeRepetitionPostureForcefulGripContactStressProlongedVibrationCanYouIdentify

TheRiskFactors?CanYouIdentify

TheRiskFactors?(cont.)RepetitivemotionLiftingorreachingawkwardpositionexcessiveweightarmsraisedMSDsTorntendonTendinitisBackpainRiskFactorsMSDRiskFactors—

AnyQuestions?DoyouunderstandMSDriskfactorsandhazards?ErgonomicsManagementJobassessmentMSDreportingandresponsesystemDesignatedcoordinatorTrainingEncourageemployeeparticipationandreportingofMSDsDeterminewhether

MSDhazardsexistanddegreeofriskDeviseacontrolstrategywithyourinputImplementcontrol

measuresTrainingIdentifyingand

ControllingMSDHazardsControlMethodsInstallengineeringcontrolsincludingworkstationlayoutandpropertoolsInstituteworkpracticecontrolsincludingneutralposturesforperformingtasksAdministrativecontrolsincludingrescheduling