商務(wù)英語的文體

商務(wù)英語寫作Chaptertwo

(BusinessEnglishStyle)商務(wù)書信的文體風(fēng)格

好的商務(wù)寫作應(yīng)該體現(xiàn)出語言自然精練、行文流暢、可讀性高的文體風(fēng)格。商業(yè)書信的寫作必須力求“自然”，不能滿篇都是過時的商業(yè)行話可讀性強(qiáng)自然一、簡練的句子寫（簡練的句子的關(guān)鍵在于刪除累贅的詞語）1.刪除重復(fù)的詞語和詞綴e.g.Ourreservesofoilarebecomingsmallerandsmaller.

修改后：

→Ourreservesofoilareshrinking.我們的石油儲備在減少。Inaddition,wearealsoincludingacurrentpricelist.

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→Inaddition,weareincludingacurrentpricelist.此外，我們附上一份現(xiàn)行價目表。Theauditorsusuallyarriveunexpectedly,butwe'llbepreparednomatterwhentheauditorsarrive.

修改后：

→Theauditorsusuallyarriveunexpectedly,butwe'llbepreparednomatterwhentheyarrive.

審計(jì)員通常出人意料地到來，但我們不管他們什么時候來都會有準(zhǔn)備。2.刪除那些解釋明白無誤事實(shí)的詞語

Inthecolorofblue可以簡化為inblue。

intheyearof1995可以簡化為in1995。

Intheintroductionatthebeginningintroduction導(dǎo)言都是在書的開頭的，因此atthebeginning可刪去。3.刪除毫無內(nèi)容的累贅詞語Themoreyoubuy,theresultisthatasfarasmoneyisconcernedthemoreyouspend.

修改后：

→Themoreyoubuy,themoreyouspend.你買得越多就花錢越多。

（在這個句型中，第二部分就是表示結(jié)果，因此沒有必要說theresultisthat。另外，spend暗含的意思就是“花錢”，所以不必要說asfarasmoneyisconcerned。）Intheeventthatyoucanattendthemeeting,planinadvancetooffersomeconcretesuggestionsonhowtoreducethecostandexpenseofovertimeintheOfficeServicesDepartment.

（在這個句子中有很多冗長的短語可以用更簡短的詞來表達(dá)，如：intheeventthat=if;planinadvance“plan”

本來就是指事先計(jì)劃，因此inadvance（事先、預(yù)先）是多余的。Costandexpense在本句中是同義詞，只用其一就夠了。）

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→Ifyoucanattendthemeeting,plantooffersuggestionsonhowtoreduceovertimeexpenseintheOfficeServicesDepartment.如果你能參加會議，請計(jì)劃提出如何削減辦公室服務(wù)部開支的建議。4.將從句壓縮成短語，短語壓縮成單詞Thereportthatdiscussedthefiscalcrisiswasreadbybusinessmen,whoshowedgreatinterest.

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→Thereportonthefiscalcrisiswasreadwithinterestbybusinessmen.商人們興趣盎然地閱讀了那份關(guān)于財(cái)政危機(jī)的報(bào)告。

（你可以看出來，修改后的句子是用一個介詞短語onthefiscalcrisis來代替原句中的定語從句thatdiscussedthefiscalcrisis，從而省略了一個詞。）Theemployeewithambitionisinallprobabilitylikelytogetresultsthataregood.

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→Theambitiousemployeeislikelytogetgoodresults.胸懷大志的雇員有可能獲得好成績。

（原句中的withambition被縮寫成一個形容詞ambitious，另外，inallprobability跟likely的意思一樣，因此可以省略。）ThememothatwaswrittenbyMarygotlost.

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→ThememobyMarygotlost.瑪麗寫的備忘錄丟了。

ThememowrittenbyMarygotlost.5.將定語從句改為前置定語（前置形容詞）Thisamount,whichisconsideredtobeinsignificant,shouldbewrittenoffasabaddebt.

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→Thisinsignificantamountshouldbewrittenoffasabaddebt.這筆微不足道的金額應(yīng)該作為壞賬報(bào)廢。。Theworkerswhoproducethemostwillreceivebonuses.

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→Themostproductiveworkerswillreceivebonuses.生產(chǎn)效率最高的工人會得到獎金。Lessthanhalfthemerchandisethatwasdamagedcouldbesold.

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→Lessthanhalfthedamagedmerchandisewassalable.損壞的貨物中不到一半可以出售6.用簡單句不用復(fù)雜句

Aworldthatisrapidlychangingrequireseducationthatcontinues.

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→Arapidlychangingworldrequirescontinuingeducation.急遽變化的世界需要人們接受繼續(xù)教育。Abusinessthatislocalisonethatdependsuponcustomerswhoaresteady.

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→Alocalbusinessdependsonsteadycustomers.地區(qū)性商業(yè)依賴固定的顧客。Communicationis,ofcourse,ofvitalimportancetoanybusinessthatwantstoachieveefficiency.

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→Communicationisvitaltobusinessefficiency.通訊對于商業(yè)效率是至關(guān)重要的。二、避免陳舊的商務(wù)用語一些商務(wù)英語寫作教材中，我們不時可以看到一些陳舊的商務(wù)用語。這些表達(dá)方式使你的信函文體顯得古板僵化，而且太正式的語氣也使你和收信人之間的關(guān)系疏遠(yuǎn)。因此，我們有必要區(qū)別什么是現(xiàn)代常用的商務(wù)英語表達(dá)方式，什么是古老陳舊的商務(wù)套話（commercialese）。

1.開頭部分

2.結(jié)尾部分

3.雜項(xiàng)三、在英語中用表示動作的詞和主動語態(tài)寫作使得行文更有力。用表示動作的陳述句來寫，盡量少用therebe句型，例如：Therewerefourcompaniesthatbidforthecontract.

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→Fourcompaniesbidforthecontract.四家公司投標(biāo)爭取這項(xiàng)合同。TherewasameetingofthestaffyesterdayinChicago.

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→ThestaffmetyesterdayinChicago.工作人員昨天在芝加哥開了會。Therearetwointerestingproposalsforalternativeenergysourceswhichdeserveresearchsupport.

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→Twointerestingproposalsforalternativeenergysourcesdeserveresearchsupport.有兩個關(guān)于利用替代能源的提議值得給予研究資助。四、使用主動語態(tài)還是被動語態(tài)一般來說，盡量使用主動語態(tài)。這樣使得句子更強(qiáng)有力。只有及物動詞才能在主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)之間轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：Thebrokersoldthestocks.（主動語態(tài)，主語施加動作。）Thestocksweresoldbythebroker.（被動語態(tài)，主語是動作的接受者。）主動語態(tài)更直接、簡短和有力。而被動語態(tài)則是用來陳述客觀科學(xué)事實(shí)、表示不帶個人感情，或者在不知道動作的執(zhí)行者時用它。.”在下列句子中，使用主動語態(tài)要比使用被動語態(tài)好。

TheaddresswasdeliveredtotheABAbythepresidentlastweek.

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→ThepresidentaddressedtheABAlastweek.

Thebookswereorderedbyustwomonthsago.

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→Weorderedthebookstwomonthsago.在下列句子中，被動語態(tài)要比主動語態(tài)好。

Thereporthasbeenfiled.

Thebankwasclosed.

Theletterwasmarked“confidential有些公文式英語過分使用名詞化的動詞，從而使得句子軟弱無力。下面這些名詞后綴表示名詞化的動詞：-ion,-tion,-ing,-ment,-ant,-ent,-ance,-able。請避免使用下面左邊這些名詞化的動詞：

cometoaconclusion－conclude

createanadjustment－adjust

renderassistance－assist

doastudy－study

練習(xí)一練習(xí)寫簡潔的句子1.刪去下列句子中不必要的成分，把句子改寫得更簡潔。

A1）Shehasresignedfromherpostasinvoiceclerk.

→Shehasresignedasinvoiceclerk.2）Onewayoutofthedifficultystillremainsopen.

→Onewayoutofthedifficultyremainsopen.3）Intheeventofyourwishingmetodoso,Iwillcallonyounextweek.

→Ifyouwishmetodoso,Iwillcallonyounextweek.4）IhavebeenunabletoreplybeforeowingtothefactthatIhaveonlyjustreturnedfromabroad.

→IhavebeenunabletoreplybeforebecauseIhaveonlyjustreturnedfromabroad.6）HisappointmentdatesasandfromMarch1.

→HisappointmentdatesfromMarch1.8）Thetruefactsofthesituationarenotyetinourpossession.

→Thefactsofthesituationarenotyetinourpossession.

B1）Uponexaminingourrecords,itseemsthatyouhaveforgottentofilethepersonaldataformwhichisrequired.

→Wefindthatyouhaveforgottentofiletherequiredpersonaldataform.4）Themanagerwhoismostexperiencedandwiththegreatestefficiency,itseemsobvious,shouldbegivenconsiderationforbeingpromotedfirst.

→Obviously，themostexperiencedandefficientmanagershouldbeconsideredfirstforpromotion.25）Wetrustthatyouwillconcurwithourunderstandingofwhatthebillingstatementshouldbe;however,shouldyourequireadditionalinformation,pleasedonothesitatetocontactus.

→Webelievethatthebillingstatementiscorrect，butfeelfreetocontactusformoreinformation.

或Webelievethebilliscorrect，butcontactusifyouneedmoreinformation.2.改寫下列句子。刪除多余的詞，改正結(jié)構(gòu)錯誤。每道題改寫成一個句子。2）Thefactsarethatweonlysold150Selectrictypewriters,whileunderthenewplan,250machinesweresoldinOctober,andreportsarethat400machineshavebeensoldalreadyinNovember.

→Wesoldonly150SelectrictypewritersinSeptember;butunderthenewplan,wesold250setsinOctoberand400inNovember.7）Themachineiswellworththatcostbecauseithascertaincharacteristicsthatareattractive.Productivitycanbeincreased,forexample,andthemachinehasversatilitythatisgreater.Besides,themachineiseasiertooperate.

→Themachineiscost-effectivebecauseithashigherproductivity,greaterversatilityandiseasiertooperate.15）Withreferencetotheforthcomingholidays,wehaveseenfittomakethefollowingarrangements.

→Wehavemadethefollowingarrangementsforthecomingholidays.練習(xí)二寫簡單句：按照指示把下面的句子改寫成簡單句或并列句。1.Theworldcanbedescribedasbeinginastateofflux;thatflux,orcontinuousstateofmovement,isconstant.Itneverchanges.

Onesimplesentence:Theworldisinastateofconstantflux.2.Thefactisthatenvironmentisadaptedtothewantswehave.Inturn,wantsarealteredwithcircumstance.

Onecompoundsentence:Environmentisadaptedtowants,andwantsalterwithenvironment.

3.Ideascomeintoexistence;machinesarecreated;peopleareborn.Allofthesethingsreachfruition,andthentheydie.Afterthattheyarereplacebynewideasandothermachinesandthenextgenerations.

Onesimplesentence:People,ideas,machinesarebornorcreated,reachfruitionanddie,tobereplacedbynewgenerations,newideas,andnewmachines.強(qiáng)勢性意味著在詞或句的排列和分量上要使最重要的思想占最重要的地位,使詞或句子的意義加重或使語句變得有力,從而加深讀者印象。練習(xí)三寫強(qiáng)勢句A有時therebe結(jié)構(gòu)是有用的，有時則是多余的。請閱讀下列句子，判斷哪些是合適的，哪些需要刪去therebe結(jié)構(gòu)：1.Thereismuchcontroversyoverthenewtaxlaw.2.ThereisabookbySylviaPorter,HowtoGetMoreforYourMoney,thatwouldinterestyou.

→AbookbySylviaPorter,HowtoGetMoreforYourMoney,wouldinterestyou.3.TherearetwoworksbyrepresentativeAmericaneconomiststobeaddedtothelist.

→TwoworksbyrepresentativeAmericaneconomistsaretobeaddedtothelist.

5.Thereisananswertoproblem.6.Thereareasalesproposalandapersonnelreportontheagenda.練習(xí)四寫強(qiáng)勢句B2.Executivesaresentbysomecompaniestoconferencesonhandlingtelevisioninterviews.

→Somecompaniessentexecutivestoconferencesonhandlingtelevisioninterviews

練習(xí)五寫強(qiáng)勢句C找出下列句子中的be動詞，并且用表示動作的詞（actionverbs）代替表示狀態(tài)的be：

例：Itismyopinionthatthetypewriterhasbeenrepaired.

修改后：Ithinkthatthetypewriterhasbeenrepaired.1.Heissomeonewhocanaccomplishagreatdealinashortperiodoftime.

→Hecanaccomplishalotinashortperiodoftime.4.Wehavebeeninbusinessmanufacturingfinefabricsforoverahundredyears.

→Wehavemanufacturedfinefabricsforoverahundredyears.

7.Itisourexpectationthatthestorewillsellbothmen'sandwomen'sclothing.

→Weexpectthatthestorewillsellbothmen'sandwomen'sclothing.練習(xí)八把下面的句子和段落改寫成簡潔易懂的話11）Americanbusinesshasagoal,whichistotrytoraisethestandardofliving.

→ThegoaloftheAmericanbusinessistoraisethelivingstandard.6）Thereisanothernameforspecialization;thatis,itiscalledthedivisionoflabor.

→Thereisanothernameforspecialization;thatis,thedivis