四級閱讀概述201703

CET-4閱讀概述楊愛華第一節(jié)四級閱讀的相關考綱

大學英語四級考試閱讀理解部分要求考生“能基本讀懂一般性題材的英文文章，閱讀速度達到每分鐘70詞。能基本讀懂國內(nèi)英文報刊，掌握中心意思，理解主要事實和有關細節(jié)。能讀懂工作、生活中常見的應用文體的材料。能在閱讀中使用有效的閱讀方法?！彼募夐喿x的題型

閱讀理解部分包括三項任務:15選10，信息匹配及常規(guī)閱讀。所占分值比例共計35%，考試時間總長40分鐘。

15選101篇15選10填空8分鐘10*0.5=5%信息匹配1篇句與段落匹配15分鐘10*1=10%常規(guī)閱讀2篇單項選擇17分鐘10*2=20%選詞填空題篇章長度為200-250詞，測試考生對篇章語境中的詞匯理解和運用能力。要求考生閱讀被刪去了10個詞匯的短文，并能從文后所給的15個詞匯中選擇正確的詞匯填空，使短文復原。信息匹配部分采用1篇較長篇幅的文章，長度約為1000詞。共15個段落，分別用A-O標記，文章后面給出10道小題，題號分別用46-55標出。要注意的是：信息匹配題不是按照順序出題原則，也就是說第一題答案可能在最后一段，最后一題答案可能在第一段。另外有的段落沒題目的，有的段落可能多題目，因此需要格外注意。這部分主要測試學生通過略讀與查讀技巧快速獲取信息的能力。常規(guī)閱讀部分要求考生閱讀二篇長度為300-350詞的短文。測試考生在不同層面上的閱讀理解能力，包括理解主旨大意和重要細節(jié)、綜合分析、推測判斷以及根據(jù)上下文推測詞義等。小測試對你來講，四級閱讀最難的地方在哪里？1.生詞太多，背不忘，影響了閱讀理解。2.文章題材不熟悉，導致很多內(nèi)容看不懂。3.篇章信息把握不住，看完和沒看差不多，

看了也說不清本文到底在講什么。4.做題技巧不夠，常常文章能看懂，但題

做不對。Youneverseehim,butthey'rewithyoueverytimeyoufly.Theyrecordwhereyouaregoing,howfastyou'retravelingandwhethereverythingonyourairplaneisfunctioningnormally.Theirabilitytowithstandalmostanydisastermakesthemseemlikesomethingoutofacomicbook.They'reknownastheblackbox.57.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheblackbox?

A)Itensuresthenormalfunctioningofanairplane.

B)Theideaforitsdesigncomesfromacomicbook.

C)Itsabilitytowardoff

disastersisincredible.D)Itisanindispensabledeviceonanairplane.2.They‘reknownastheblackbox.此段談定義。判斷依據(jù)1.題干無范圍。---?？贾髦?。

結(jié)論要想在四級閱讀中取得高分，必須具備以下能力：1.了解四級的測試題型及應試技巧。2.了解四級文章的段落結(jié)構(gòu)、類型及作用。3.能夠依據(jù)原文從四個選項中甄別正確答案。第二節(jié)

四級說明文的三要素What---主題陳述，文章的中心思想。Why---原因說明，即關于主題的原因分析。How---細節(jié)描述，如做事方法或舉例證明。無論是文章本身，還是文章的組成段落，基本由此三要素構(gòu)成。第三節(jié)

四級說明文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)主題導入—引入主題。文章主體---細節(jié)說明。結(jié)論或結(jié)語部分—重述主題。四級文章的結(jié)構(gòu)大同小異，區(qū)別在于文章類型不同，主體部分的重點內(nèi)容及走向會略有不同。所以，要求考生一要了解說明文的類型及走向特點，二要深挖主體部分及各段落說明的主要細節(jié)或重點內(nèi)容。對主體段落及重點細節(jié)的理解，決定了四級閱讀的成敗。文章主體---細節(jié)說明。第四節(jié)

四級說明文的段落結(jié)構(gòu)及類型$1.PartsofParagraph段落構(gòu)成1.TopicSentence 2.SupportingDetails 3.ClosingSentences1.TopicSentence

Whatisthetopicsentence?

Thetopicsentenceisusuallythefirstsentenceinaparagraph.Whatdoesitdo?

Itintroducesthemainideaoftheparagraph.2.SupportingDetails支持性細節(jié)Whataresupportingsentences?

Theycomeafterthetopicsentence,makingupthebodyofaparagraph.Whatdotheydo?

Theygivedetailstodevelopandsupportthemainideaoftheparagraph.3.ClosingSentenceWhatistheclosingsentence?

Theclosingsentenceisthelastsentenceinaparagraph.Whatdoesitdo?

Itrestates重述themainideaofaparagraph.Mostofusspendourlivesseekingthenaturalworld.Tothisend,wewalkthedog,playgolf,gofishing,sitinthegarden,drinkoutsideratherthaninsidethepub,haveapicnic,liveinthesuburbs,gototheseaside,buyaweekendplaceinthecountry.ThemostpopularleisureactivityinBritainisgoingforawalk.Andwhenjoggers(慢跑者)jog,theydon’trunthestreets.Everyoneoftheminstinctivelyheadstotheparkortheriver.Itismyprofoundbeliefthatnotonlydoweallneednature,butweallseeknature,whetherweknowwearedoingsoornot.Whatisthemessagetheauthorintendstoconvey?（2008-06）

A)Globalwarmingismoreofamoralissuethanapracticalone.

B)Theultimatesolutiontoglobalwarmingliesinnewtechnology.

C)Thedebateoverglobalwarmingwillleadtotechnological

breakthroughs.

D)Peoplehavetogiveupcertainmaterialcomfortstostopglobal

warming.

Thepracticalconclusionisthatifglobalwarmingisapotential

disaster,theonlysolutionisnewtechnology.Onlyanaggressiveresearchanddevelopmentprogrammightfindwaysofbreakingourdependenceonfossil

fuelsordealingwithit.Thetroublewiththeglobalwarmingdebateisthatithasbecomeamoralproblemwhenit'sreallyengineeringone.Theinconvenienttruthisthatifwedon'tsolvetheengineeringproblem,we'rehelpless.

$2KindsofParagraphs

段落類型

第四節(jié)說明文的段落結(jié)構(gòu)及類型I.DefinitionParagraph定義段落

Explainwhatitis.

Thedefinitionshouldhave3parts.

1）Thetermyouaredefining.2）Thebroadclassorcategory范疇intowhichyourtermfits.3）Thespecificdistinguishingcharacteristics

特性thatmakethetermdifferentfromalltheothersintheclassorcategory.Examples1.Resentment(term)isthefeeling(category)thatlifehasbeenunfair(distinguishingcharacteristics).2.Aclock-watcher混時間的人；老是看鐘等下班的人(term)isaworker(category)whoisjustputtingintime花費時間,noteffort(distinguishingcharacteristics).CommonStructuresforDefinition定義段落在四級文章里的應用定義段落常用于四級“現(xiàn)象解釋型”文章里，它的文章走向為：

1.導入主題、定義主題。2.主題細節(jié)性說明（如成因，發(fā)展，優(yōu)劣，

實際應用意義等）3.結(jié)論-重述主題。被定義的名詞一定是文章的主旨，切記！Thispassageismainlyabout________________.

A)thebeginningsofoceanography

B)thelayingofthefirstunderseacable

B)theinvestigationofoceandepths

D)theearlyintercontinentalcommunicationsOceanographyhasbeendefinedas“Theapplicationofallsciencestothestudyofthesea”.Beforethenineteenthcentury,scientistswithaninterestintheseawerefewandfarbetween.Formostpeopletheseawasremote,andwiththeexceptionofearlyintercontinentaltravelersorotherswhoearnedalivingfromthesea,therewaslittlereasontoaskmanyquestionsaboutit,letalonetoaskwhatlaybeneaththesurface.II.SequenceParagraphDescribeaseriesofeventsoraprocessinsomesortoforder.Usually,thisorderisbasedontime.OrderTimefirst,second,third,hebeginningbeforethenafterFinallyrecentlypreviouslyafterwardswhenafterExample

TherearethreereasonswhyCanadaisoneofthebestcountriesintheworld.

First,Canadahasanexcellenthealthcaresystem.AllCanadianshaveaccessto有權使用medicalservicesatareasonableprice.Second,Canadahasahighstandardofeducation.Studentsaretaughtbywell-trainedteachersandareencouragedtocontinuestudyingatuniversity.Finally,

Canada'scitiesarecleanandefficientlymanaged.Canadiancitieshavemanyparksandlotsofspaceforpeopletolive.Asaresult,

Canadaisadesirableplacetolive.提示：一定要注意段落中句與句之間的接續(xù)詞，它們提示著句子之間的邏輯關系。對于理解段落有著重要的作用。Oceanographyhasbeendefinedas“Theapplicationofallsciencestothestudyofthesea”.Beforethenineteenthcentury,scientistswithaninterestintheseawerefewandfarbetween.Formostpeopletheseawasremote,andwiththeexceptionofearlyintercontinentaltravelersorotherswhoearnedalivingfromthesea,therewaslittlereasontoaskmanyquestionsaboutit,letalonetoaskwhatlaybeneaththesurface.

Thefirsttimethatthequestion”whatisatthebottomoftheoceans?”hadtobeansweredwithanycommercialconsequencewaswhenthelayingofatelegraphcablefromEuropetoAmericawasproposed.Theengineershadtoknowthedepthprofileoftheroutetoestimatethelengthofcablethathadtobemanufactured.ItwastoMauryoftheUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompanyturned,in1853,forinformationonthismatter.Inthe1840s,MauryhadbeenresponsibleforencouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundingsweretakentoinvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.Thecablewaslaid,butnotuntil1866wastheconnectionmadepermanentandreliable.

Withinafewyearsoceanographywasunderway.In1872Thomsonledascientificexpedition,whichlastedfouryearsandbroughthomethousandsofsamplesfromthesea.Theirclassificationandanalysisoccupiedscientistsforyearsandledtoafive-volumereport,thelastvolumebeingpublishedin1895.Itwas_______________________thataskedMauryforhelpinoceanographicstudies.

A)theAmericanNavy

B)someearlyintercontinentaltravelers

C)thosewhoearnedalivingfromthesea

D)thecompanywhichproposedtolayanunderseacable

ItwastoMauryoftheUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompanyturned,in1853,forinformationonthismatter.Inthe1840s,MauryhadbeenresponsibleforencouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundingsweretakentoinvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.TheaimofthevoyagesMaurywasresponsibleforinthe1840swas_______________

A)tomakesomesoundingexperimentsintheoceans

B)tocollectsampleofseaplantsandanimals

C)toestimatethelengthofcablethatwasneeded

D)tomeasurethedepthsofthetwooceans

ItwastoMauryoftheUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompanyturned,in1853,forinformationonthismatter.Inthe1840s,MauryhadbeenresponsibleforencouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundingsweretakentoinvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.III.ChoiceParagraph

表明觀點或立場Choosewhichobject,idea,oractionthatyouprefer.PointofViewExamplesinmyopinionbeliefIdeaunderstandingIthinkthatIconsiderIbelieveitseemstomeIprefer

Inmyopinion,hockey曲棍球ismorefunthanlacrosse.Mybeliefisthathockeyismorefunthanlacrosse.長曲棍球Myideaisthathockeyismorefunthanlacrosse.Myunderstandingisthathockeyismorefunthanlacrosse.IthinkthatIwouldprefertoplayhockeyandnotlacrosse.Iconsiderhockeytobemoreexcitingthanlacrosse.Ibelievehockeyismoreexcitingthanlacrosse.Itseemstomethathockeyismoreexcitingthanlacrosse.Ipreferhockeyoverlacrosse.PersonalOpinionExampleslike/dislikehopefeelIlikethesportofhockeybecauseitisfastandexciting.IhopethatIcanplayhockeyinthefuture.Ifeelthathockeyismyfavoritesport.Whatistheauthor’sprofoundbelief?

[A]Peopleinstinctivelyseeknatureindifferentways.

[B]Peopleshouldspendmostoftheirlivesinthewild.

[C]Peoplehavequitedifferentperceptionsofnature.

[D]Peoplemustmakemoreeffortstostudynature.

Mostofusspendourlivesseekingthenaturalworld.Tothisend,wewalkthedog,playgolf,gofishing,sitinthegarden,drinkoutsideratherthaninsidethepub,haveapicnic,liveinthesuburbs,gototheseaside,buyaweekendplaceinthecountry.ThemostpopularleisureactivityinBritainisgoingforawalk.Andwhenjoggers(慢跑者)jog,theydon’trunthestreets.Everyoneoftheminstinctivelyheadstotheparkortheriver.Itismyprofoundbeliefthatnotonlydoweallneednature,butweallseeknature,whetherweknowwearedoingsoornot.III.ExplanationParagraphExplainhoworwhysomethinghappens.Cause原因ExamplesBecauseSinceasaresultofisduetoPeoplemovedtoCanadafromEuropeduringthenineteenthcenturybecausetheyhadpoorlivingconditionsinEurope.SincelivingconditionsinEuropewereterrible,manypeoplemovedtoCanada.PeoplemovedtoCanadafromEuropeasaresultofpoorlivingconditionsinEurope.ThelargeinfluxofpeopletoCanadawasduetoeconomicpressuresinEuropeEffect結(jié)果Examplesthereforethusconsequentlyhenceitfollowsthatif...thenLivingconditionsinEuropewereterrible.Therefore,manypeoplemovedtoCanadaforabetterlife.LivingconditionsinEuropewereterrible.Thus,manypeoplemovedtoCanadaforabetterlife.LivingconditionswereterribleinEurope.Consequently,manypeoplemovedtoCanada.LivingconditionswereterribleinEurope.Hence,manypeoplemovedtoCanada.LivingconditionswereterribleinEurope.ItfollowsthatmanypeoplemovedtoCanada.IflivingconditionswerebetterinEurope,thenfewerpeoplewouldhavemovedtoCanada.IV.CompareandContrastParagraphCompareandcontrastthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweentwoormorepeople,places,things,orideas.Similarities相似處ExamplesissimilartobothalsotooaswellSpringweatherinVancouverissimilartospringweatherinHalifax.BothVancouverandHalifaxhaveraininthespring.Halifaxalsohasarainyspringseason.Halifaxhasarainyspringseason,too.Aswell,Halifaxhasrainyspringseason.DifferencesExamplestheotherhandhoweverbutincontrastdiffersfromwhileunlikeOntheotherhand,winterismuchcolderinHalifax.However,winterismuchcolderinHalifax.Vancouverhasamildwinter,butHalifaxhasacoldone.IncontrasttoVancouver,Halifaxhasacoldwinter.HalifaxdiffersfromVancouverbyhavingacoldwinter.WhileVancouverhasamildwinter,Halifaxhasacoldwinter.Vancouverhasamildwinter.Unlikeit,Halifaxhasacoldwinter.V.TransitionParagraphMovingfromoneaspectofthetopictoanother.

Planesandshipsdisappearinotherpartsoftheworld,buttherearemoredisappearancesintheTrianglethaninotherareas.Foryearsnowscientistsandothershavebeenpuzzledbythismystery.

Therehavebeenmanyattemptstoexplainwhypeople,planesandshipsdisappearinsuchhighnumbershere.VI.EvaluationParagraphEvaluatepeople,ideas