四級閱讀講座分析

大學英語四級

閱讀理解——導讀韓秀萍命題文章出處：西方報刊雜志如:Economist，Newsweek，Time等…《英語文摘》、《英語世界》等刊出了原文的英漢對照版本。文章特點：1．時效性強。關(guān)注近年的時文。

2．結(jié)構(gòu)清晰。問題的數(shù)量、順序與原文對應較好。具體內(nèi)容：

1社會科學。2社會科學（經(jīng)濟類）。3自然科學（科技類）。4人文科學。如：文化差異、環(huán)境氣候、社會現(xiàn)象、飲食健康、婚姻、網(wǎng)絡、校園、運動、經(jīng)濟….題目設計：Paraphrase---改述

123閱讀技巧詞意的判斷長難句的把握中心句的定位詞句篇Whilegraduatesfromtopuniversitiesarestilllikelytogetagoodjobnomatterwhattheirmajoris,hesaid,graduatesfromless-exalted

schoolsaregoingtobejudgedonwhattheyknow….(2013.12)

higher-level/lower-rank

Kodakinventedthefirstdigitalcamerain1975—butinafatefuldecision,thecompanychosetoshelfitsnewdiscoverytofocusonitstraditionalfilmbusiness.（2013.06）

develop/conceal閱讀技巧之一：詞意的判斷閱讀技巧之一：詞意的判斷66.WhatwasKodak’sfatalmistake?（2013.06）Kodak’sdecisionnottopursuetheroleofofficialfilmforthe1984LosAngelesOlympicswasamajormiscalculation.Thegendersaremostdivorced

fromeachotheronthequestionofequalityforwomen.(2013.12)60.Onwhatissuedomaleandfemaleeconomistsdiffermost?閱讀技巧之二：長難句的把握Forsome,thehardshipsoflifewithoutsteadyworkeventuallyoverwhelmedtheirattemptstokeeptheirfamiliestogether.(2012.12)AlthoughmanyattributeKodak’sdownfallto“complacency(自滿),”thatexplanationdoesn’t

acknowledgethelengthstowhichthecompanywenttoreinventitself.(2013.06)Gotogreatlengthstodo…不遺余力，千方百計…閱讀技巧之二：長難句的把握Manypolicymeasurestocontrolobesity（肥胖癥）assumethatpeopleconsciouslyandrationallychoosewhatandhowmuchtheyeatand

thereforefocusonprovidinginformationandmoreaccesstohealthierfoods,”notethetworesearchers.(2012.12)閱讀技巧之二：長難句的把握“Incontrast,”theresearcherscontinue,“manyregulationsthatdon’tassumepeoplemakerationalchoiceshavebeensuccessfullyappliedtocontrolalcohol,asubstance—likefood—ofwhichimmoderateconsumptionleadstoserioushealthproblems.”(2012.12)建議：查閱語法書，定語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句、狀語從句等各找一例。閱讀技巧之三：中心句的定位

報紙、雜志上的文章往往時效性強、內(nèi)容比較新穎、前沿。在一篇350詞左右的文章中，中心觀點往往很明確、集中，但論證往往很充分，并占據(jù)大部分的篇幅。先找概述句，再看其他句是否支持此觀點。具體論據(jù)包括：例子、起因、理由或事實等。閱讀技巧之三：中心句的定位

常見論據(jù)：Researches/Studiesreveal/show/indicatethat…...Newdata/figures/statistics

showthat…..Researchers….saidthat…..Thereisafact/arefactors/reasons/effects/that…Abook/documentdescribesthat…閱讀技巧之三：中心句的定位

Schoolbullieshavebeenaroundaslongastherehavebeenschools.

Studiesrevealseveralreasonswhysomechildrenbecomebullies.

Researchshowsthatacertaincombinationofsizeandpersonalitymaybeonefactor.

Bigger,moreaggressivechildrenaremorelikelytotrytodominatetheirsmaller,quieterpeers.

AnotherfactorlinkedtobullyingisoverexposuretoviolentTVprograms.閱讀技巧之三：中心句的定位

Afterfinancialdisastersfamilymembersalsotendtodowhatevertheycantohelpeachotherandtheircommunities.

A1940book,TheUnemployedManandHisFamily,describedafamilyinwhichthehusbandinitiallyreactedtolosinghisjob"withtirelesssearchforwork."Hewasalwaysactive,lookingforoddjobstodo.(2012.06)中心句

例子閱讀技巧之三：中心句的定位

1）Theproblemisthatsuchanimpulseishardtosustain.2）Acrossthecountry,manysimilarfamilieswereunabletomaintaintheinitialboostinmorale(士氣).

3）Forsome,thehardshipsoflifewithoutsteadyworkeventuallyoverwhelmedtheirattemptstokeeptheirfamiliestogether.

4）Thedivorcerateroseagainduringtherestofthedecadeastherecoverytookhold.

1）中心句2）例子

3）原因

4）結(jié)果

閱讀技巧之三：中心句的定位Junkfoodiseverywhere.We’reeatingwaytoomuchofit.Mostofusknowwhatwe’redoingandyetwedoitanyway.Sohere’sasuggestionofferedbytworesearchersattheRandCorporation:Whynottakealessonfromalcoholcontrolpoliciesandapplythemtowherefoodissoldandhowit’sdisplayed?第一句有時是下文的鋪墊。注意段落中的But,however,yet,so,therefore等詞常引出中心觀點。

Theshortcomingsoftraditionalprinteditiontextbooksareobvious:Forstartersthey’reheavy,withtheaveragephysicstextbookweighing3.6pounds.They’realsoexpensive,especiallywhenyoufactorintheaveragecollegestudent’slimitedbudget,typicallycostinghundredsofdollarseverysemester.

Buttheworstpartisthatprintversionoftextbooksareconstantlyundergoingrevisions.Manyprofessorsrequirethattheirstudentsuseonlythelatestversionsintheclassroom,essentiallyrenderingoldertextsunusable.Forstudents,itmeansthey’rebasicallystuckwithafourpoundpaper-weightthattheycan’tsellback.(2013.06)閱讀技巧之三：中心句的定位測試內(nèi)容LOGO時長：40分鐘測試題型詞匯理解長篇閱讀仔細閱讀選詞填空5%匹配10%選擇題20%題型介紹SectionA選詞填空作為深入閱讀的第一道題，選詞部分要求考生從十五個單詞中選出十個，填在一篇250字(以內(nèi)）短文的十個空格中，使短文意思完整。鑒于分值只有5分，所以考生最好在5-8分鐘之內(nèi)完成。在保證正確率的前提下速度要盡量快?？疾旆秶簩嵲~

(

n.v.a.adv.)詞性分配的基本比例

(2013.06)：名詞：3個（2正確答案+1干擾答案）形容詞：3個（3正確答案+0個干擾答案）副詞：3個（2正確答案+1干擾答案）動詞：6個—v-ing2（1正確答案+1干擾答案）

—v原形3（2正確答案+1干擾答案）

—v-ed1（0正確答案+1干擾答案）規(guī)律總結(jié)：先標出15個選項的詞性(

n.v.a.adv.)。注意：一詞有多種詞性要同時標注。調(diào)動語法知識，先確定單詞的詞性，再去后面的list中找同一詞類的選項，根據(jù)詞義挑出正確答案?；仡櫃z查review（1分鐘）速度要快，將答案帶入全文，再次通讀全文，看所選的答案是否能使全文通暢，情節(jié)、推理等是否符合邏輯。解題步驟

:SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

名詞：單復數(shù)，主謂搭配，中心詞與定語從句中謂語搭配，與介詞搭配Thereare2.2billioncellphoneusersworldwide,a____thatisgrowingbyabout25%eachyear.(2013.12)characters/messages/totalOtherparticipatingchains,witha____53___ofmenuoptions,includeDenny's,Chili's,Friendly'sandChevy's.(2012.12)variety/items/species/criteria考點舉例:形容詞：（在句中作前置、后置定語、表語…)Itrequiresnoequipment,everyoneknowshowtodoitanditcarriesthe___riskofinjury.(2013.06)avoidable/lowest/maximum

Hesatwithalookof____attentiononhisface.fresh/fixed考點舉例:注意：由現(xiàn)在分詞轉(zhuǎn)換而來的–ing形容詞，由過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)換而來的-ed形容詞，如：charming,appealing,refreshing,chanllenging,embarrassing,overwhelming,demanding,confusing,amazing,convincing,disturbing,alarming,promising…….Interested,puzzled,shocked,married,depressed,qualified,distinguished,unexpected,astonished,confused……副詞：（修飾形容詞、動詞)

注意可用作形容詞的副詞Finally,flexibilityandbalancetrainingare52importantasthebodyages.(2013.06)

increasingly/

seriously/brieflyAspartoftheKidsLiveWellcampaign-expectedtobeannounced____54___Wednesday-participatingrestaurantsmustpromisetoofferatleastonechildren'smealthathasfewerthan600calories.(2012.12)

nationwide考點舉例:Consumersare____usingtheirphonesforthingsotherthanvoicecalls,suchastextmessaging….(2013.12)increasingly/patiently有些詞既可以作形容詞，也可作為副詞：Leisurely,weekly,yearly,daily,nationwide,worldwide,kindly,deadly--ward:homeward,ouward動詞：時態(tài)（現(xiàn)在時，過去時，完成時）語態(tài)（主動，被動）所充當?shù)木渥映煞?/p>

與介詞搭配主謂搭配（原形、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、過去式）Peoplewho50atitsfrontdooronthefirstandthirdThursdaysofeachmontharen'tlookingforGod---they're

thereforsomethingtoeat…(2012.06)serves/gather/reviewedIngeneral,youwillwanttodostrengthtrainingtwoorthreedaysaweek,51recoverydaysbetweensessions.(2013.06)prevent/determined/allowing考點舉例

But__47__acuefromhealthexperts,agroupof19restaurantcompaniesarepledgingtooffermore-healthfulmenuoptionsforchildrenatatimewhen…………...(2012.12)taking/recommendingSectionB長篇閱讀原為快速閱讀，長度難度不變。1200詞左右。題型：10句---段落匹配，非一一匹配。考察角度：信息出處考察能力：快速閱讀---跳讀、尋讀能力。1.瀏覽10個句子，劃出重要信息，記住句意。2.采用尋讀、跳讀方式，逐段瀏覽文章，找出意義對等信息。注意：答案位置做標記，方便檢查。解題步驟

:SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.規(guī)律總結(jié)：答案位置：2013年12月四級真題卷三：答案位于段首、段尾：8題答案位于段中：2題2013年12月四級真題卷二：答案位于段首、段尾：7題答案位于段中：3題題干與原文對等程度：完全對等：0題句意信息對等：10題EarlyAmericanhistoryisoneofmovingoutward.(2013.12)ThroughoutAmericanhistorytherehasalmostalwaysbeenatleastonecentraleconomicnarrativethatgavetheambitiousorunsatisfiedreasontopackupandseektheirfortuneelsewhere.Forthefirst300orsoyearsofEuropeansettlement,thestorywasaboutmovingoutward:gettingimmigrantstothecontinentandthentothefrontiertocleartheprairies,draintheswampsandbuildnewcities.考點舉例:Themigrationofoldpeoplefromcoldtowarmplacesmademanyjobsavailabletotheyoung.(2013.12)Bytheendofthe19thcentury,asthefrontiervanished,theU.S.hadamildpanicattack.…Asthepopulationaged,therewasalsoashiftfromthecoldRustBelttothecomfortsoftheSunBelt.Wethinkofthisasanoldperson'smigration,butitcreatedmanyjobsfortheyounginconstructionandhealthcare,nottomentiontourism,retailandrestaurants.考點舉例:Unlikeinthepast,acollegedegreealonedoesnotguaranteeagoodjob.Untilnow,aB.A.inanysubjectwasanear-guaranteeofatleastmiddle-classwages.Buttoday,aquarterofcollegegraduatesmakelessthanthetypicalworkerwithoutabachelor'sdegree.DavidAutor,aprominentlaboreconomistatM.I.T.,recentlytoldmethatacollegedegreealoneisnolongeraguarantorofagoodjob.Whilegraduatesfromtopuniversitiesarestilllikelytogetagoodjobnomatterwhattheirmajoris,hesaid,graduatesfromless-exaltedschoolsaregoingtobejudgedonwhattheyknow….考點舉例:Americaisbetteratinnovation

thanmostotherrichnations.It'sinallofourintereststomakesurethatasmanypeopleaspossibleareabletomovetowardopportunity,andAmerica'sabilitytoinvestpeopleandmoneyinexcitingnewideasisstillgreater

thanthatofmostotherwealthycountries.考點舉例:SectionC仔細閱讀兩篇350詞左右的文章。題型：選擇題，每題2分，為四級考試中分值最高的題型。要求:全文閱讀，深度思考（Deepreading)1.原文理解：長難句分析、詞義判斷

2.選項中的干擾項（含強干擾項）解題步驟：1.瀏覽5個題干，劃出重要信息點，便于確定答案位置。2.有側(cè)重地逐句閱讀文章，精讀涉及選項的部分。3.一一分析選項，排除錯誤選項。注意：答案位置做標記，方便檢查。解題步驟

:SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutjunkfood?Junkfoodiseverywhere.We’reeatingwaytoomuchofit.Mostofusknowwhatwe’redoingandyetwedoitanyway.A)Peopleshouldbeeducatednottoeattoomuch.B)Itiswidelyconsumeddespiteitsillreputation.C)Itstemptationistoostrongforpeopletoresist.D)Itcausesmoreharmthanisgenerallyrealized.

考點舉例:側(cè)重與原文句意對等Whatisthefindingofthenewstudy?(2013.12)A.Thegenderdevideisabigconcernofthegeneralpublic.B.Menandwomenunderstandeconomicsquitedifferently.C.Thegapbetweenmaleandfemaleeconomistsneedtobeclosed.D.Maleandfemaleeconomistsdisagreewidelyoneconomicpolicy.Anewstudyshowsalargegendergaponeconomicpolicyamongthenation’sprofessionaleconomists,adevidesimilartothegenderdevidefoundinthegeneralpublic.考點舉例:側(cè)重與原文句意對等57．Intheinitialstage,thecurrenteconomiccrisisislikelyto__________.(2012.06)

A)tearmanytroubledfamiliesapart

B)contributetoenduringfamilyties

C)bringaboutadropinthedivorcerate

D)causealotofconflictsinthefamily考點舉例:側(cè)重與原文句意對等Intimesofeconomiccrisis,Americansturntotheirfamiliesforsupport.IftheGreatDepressionisanyguide,wemayseeadropinourskyhighdivorcerate.Butthiswon’tnecessarilyrepresentanincreaseinhappymarriages.Inthelongrun,theDepressionweakenedAmericanfamilies,andthecurrentcrisiswillprobablydothesame.考點舉例:側(cè)重與原文句意對等Thegendersaremostdivorcedfromeachotheronthequestionofequalityforwomen.(2013.12)60.Onwhatissuedomaleandfemaleeconomistsdiffermost?A)governmentregulationB)jobcreation

C)militaryspendingD)genderequality考點舉例:句意分析+詞義判斷58.IntheGreatDepression,manyunhappycoupleschoosetosticktogetherbecause(2012.06)

A)startinganewfamilywouldbehard

B)theyexpectedthingswouldturnbetter

C)theywantedtobetterprotecttheirkids

D)livingseparatelywouldbetoocostly考點舉例:句意分析+詞義判斷1.WetendtothinkoftheDepression

asatimewhenfamiliespulledtogethertosurvivehugejoblosses.2.By1932,whe