英語(二)自學教程 Unit 10 Text A-The Importance of Public Transportation

NewWordsLearningproclaim:formallymakesthknowntothepublic宣布/宣告/聲明～sth/～that….【

學習策略---近義詞法】claim:sbsayssthistrue,butyouarenotsurewhethersbtellsthetruth聲稱～sth/～that….announce:tellpeoplesthpubliclyorofficially宣布/宣告declare:1)statesthofficiallyorformally宣布/宣告～sth/～that….

2)sbsayssthistrueinafirmanddeliberateway聲稱

assert:statesthfirmly堅稱，斷言～sth/～that….

state:(以口頭或書面形式正式或明確地)聲稱，宣稱，聲明affirm:statesthpubliclyandfirmly聲稱，聲明

NewWordsLearningallege:Ifyouallegethatsomethingbadistrue,yousayitbutdonotproveit.（未提出證據(jù)而）斷言，指稱，聲稱Itisallegedthathecheatedintheexam.據(jù)稱他考試作弊Thecriminalwasallegedtohaveescaped.據(jù)稱罪犯已經(jīng)逃跑了。Theoldladyallegedthatherdaughterwasinnocent.老太太聲稱她的女兒是無辜的maintain:stateone’sopinionstrongly,butnoteveryoneagreeswithhim堅稱，聲稱

語法

NewWordsLearning【

學習策略---近義詞法】Sovereigntyn.territory(國家)主權(quán)，獨立自主權(quán)

Sovereignadj.(國家)具有主權(quán)獨立的【

學習策略---詞綴法】territorial:adj.NewWordsLearningtransport【

學習策略---詞綴法】translatetransmittransfertransittransactiontransplanttranscendtransparentmajority:n.大多數(shù)

major:adj.【

學習策略---詞綴法】thevast/overwhelming

majority

oflocalpeoplearestronglyagainsttheconstructionofthenuclearpowerstationapproximately:aboutpetroleum:石油，原油ChinaNationalPetroleumCorporation/PetroChina中石油中石化SinopecGroup中海油ChinaNationalOffshoreOilCorporationelectrical:deviceequipment【

學習策略---比較法】electric：強調(diào)與電有直接的關(guān)系,1)由電作為動力驅(qū)動；2)導(dǎo)/帶電的；3)發(fā)電的batterymotorfancurrentwavegeneratorfaulttestengineeringelectrical：強調(diào)與電有間接的關(guān)系,economic:經(jīng)濟的，經(jīng)濟上的2)profitable有利可圖的，賺錢的

【

學習策略---比較法】economical:經(jīng)濟的，省錢的

經(jīng)濟型轎車這樣做經(jīng)濟，而且不會破壞環(huán)境Itiseconomicaltodosoandecologicallysound.economicseconomicaleconomic【

學習策略---詞綴法】stable:穩(wěn)定的;穩(wěn)固不變的

Ifsomethingisstable,itisnotlikelytochangeorcometoanendsuddenly.steady:穩(wěn)步的;持續(xù)不斷的

asteadysituationcontinuesordevelopsgraduallywithoutanyinterruptionsandisnotlikelytochangequickly.【

學習策略---比較法】stable“是用來表示穩(wěn)定，沒有變化的狀態(tài)，屬于靜態(tài)的形容詞。

"steady"是也是穩(wěn)定，它說明還是有變化的，屬于動態(tài)形容詞。穩(wěn)定的婚姻穩(wěn)步提高TheImportanceofPublicTransportationtopicsentencesofeachparaForonething,comparedwithprivatecars,publictransportationcouldsaveenergies,esp,exhaustibleresources,whicharethecontributingfactorstoairpollutionandglobalwarming.Foranotherthing,streetscouldbelesscrowded,whichcould,inturn,easetrafficpressureandsavecaraccidents,ifthemajorityofpeopletravelbypublictransport.Lastbutnotleast,comparedwithprivatecars,publictransportationcouldemitlesspercapitawastegasessuchascarbondioxide,whichconstitutemajorhealthrisk,suchaslungcancerandotherrespiratorydiseases.Moreandmorepeopleuseprivatecarsinsteadoftakingpublictransport.Whatarethereasonsforthistrend?topicsentencesofeachparaTosomepeople,owningacarespabrandcarisasymbolofsocialstanding,whichisoneofthethemostimportantcontributingfactors.Anotherfactorthatdiscouragespeopletotravelbypublictransportationisthatitfeelsuncomfortableandinconvenienttosqueezeintoanovercrowdedbusorsubway,whileprivatecarsoffertheirownersasenseofcomfort,freedomandprivacy.Lastbutnotleast,generallyspeaking,privatecarsoffertheirownersasenseofflexibilityandspeed,letmeputitanotherway,lesstimecouldbespentonroadandefficiencyisthereforeimproved.Howcangovernmentencouragepeopletotakepublictransport?topicsentencesofeachparaThefirstmeasureistoimproveservice,likeensuringbusesandsubwaysarepunctual,installingmorecomfortableseatsinwaitingareas,enoughvehiclesareinoperationandavailableevenifit’smid-nighthour.Furthermore,loweringfareswouldalsobeaveryeffectivewaytoencouragepeopletotravelbypublictransport.Inaddition,cartaxesandmaintenanceexpensescouldberaisedbygovernmentsothatcarownersfeelitaburdentotravelbyprivatecars.Finally,governmentcouldeducatepeopleaboutthedevastatingimpactofvehicleemissionontheenvironmentandhealthsothattheywouldbelesslikelytodrive.access:1)ifyouhaveaccesstoabuildingorotherplace,youareableorallowedtogointoit進入(權(quán))；通道；入徑Therecanbenodoubtthat……….:毫無疑問…….Thereisnodenyingthat….不可否認Scientistshaveonlyrecentlybeenabletogainaccesstothearea.科學家直到最近才得以進入該地區(qū)。Facilitieshavebeenadaptedtogiveaccesstowheelchairusers.ThehotelofferseasyaccesstocentralNanjing.【

補充】【

學習策略---語境法】這些設(shè)施已經(jīng)改造過以方便輪椅使用者進入。從酒店去南京市中心交通方便。Onlythosewhoarethehomeownerscanhaveaccesstothegymfreeofcharge.2)Ifyouhaveaccesstosthsuchasinformationorequipment,youhavetheopportunityorrighttoseeitoruseit.查閱/使用的機會/權(quán)利只有業(yè)主才有權(quán)利免費使用健身房.Accordingtocivillaw,defendantsaregivenaccesstodocumentationofhiscase根據(jù)民法，被告有權(quán)查閱自己案件的卷宗。3)Ifyouhaveaccesstoaperson,youhavetheopportunityorrighttoseethemormeetthem.接近/面見的機會/權(quán)利這些設(shè)施已經(jīng)改造過以方便輪椅使用者進入。Hewasnotallowedaccesstohislawyer.Thesefacilitieshavebeenadaptedtogiveaccesstowheelusers.(使用)交通被視為生活中一個必需的一部分。Accesstotransportationisconsideredanecessity.….environmentallyfriendlyalternative.….isanalternativetoprivatecars.Itemitsintoairlesswastegaseswhichareconsideredacontributingfactortoairpollution.Inthisway,publictransportationdoeslessharmtoenvironment.Publictransportationisdefinedasaservice….…..suityourownpersonalconvenience….公共交通被定義為…../公共交通是…..suit:convenientforsboristhebestthingforsbinthecircumstances.對….方便/有利；

滿足…需要；合..心意suittheneed:滿足需要【

近義詞】satisfytheneed/demand翻譯：不是可以自行安排以滿足個人需求/方便…toacertainextent...tosomedegree…sinceyouhavetoconsider…..similararrangementswithyou.….由于你不得不考慮其他和自己有同樣出行安排的人。Ihaveexperiencedfirst-hand…...first-hand:directlyfrompersonalexperience親身經(jīng)歷的，一手的….….aUSterritoryandtheclosethingswehavetopublic….我住在塞班島—美國的海外領(lǐng)地，與我們的生活聯(lián)系最密切的公共交通服務(wù)使旅游車和校車?！?.otherwiseyouendupbasked…..【近義詞】Insomeway否則，每天上班就會大漢淋漓，飽受日曬之苦。如果你繼續(xù)這樣，你會被開除的/坐牢的。由于宿舍關(guān)門了，我們只好一整晚露宿街頭。兩車相撞最終受損嚴重Thegrouphasexpressed

concern

aboutreportsofpoliticalviolenceinAfricaThereisnocausefor

concernThegrowingnumberofpeopleseekingrefugeinThailandisbeginningto

concern

Westernaidagencies...他最終當上了經(jīng)理。Ididn‘t

concern

myselfwithpolitics…Thebook

concerns

Sandy'stwomiddle-agedchildren...Weshouldjumpatanyopportunitywheneveritarises.accountfor:1)（數(shù)量或比例上）占

2)解釋；說明Itisnoneofyourbusinessanddoesn’tconcernyouatall.Heavypollutionaccountsforthefactthat……..Howcanyouaccountfor…

語法

NewWordsLearningcontribute:1)helptomakesthsuccessful為…做貢獻Goodsleepcancontributetoraisingworkefficiency中國為世界緩解和消除貧困做出了巨大的貢獻?！緐sage】～to….

Chinacontributesalottothealleviationandeliminationoftheworld’spoverty.良好的睡眠有助于提高工作效率。contribute:2givemoneyorresourcestohelppayforsth捐款；捐助；援助【usage】～sthto….

比爾蓋茨是全世界慈善捐款最多的人。

語法

NewWordsLearningBillGatesistheonewhocontributesmosttocharityintheworld.Goodsleepcancontributetoraisingworkefficiency中國承諾將為發(fā)展中國家提供更多貸款及為聯(lián)合國維和提供更多的人員和裝備。ChinacontributesmoremoneyinloanstodevelopingcountriesandmoretroopsandequipmentstoUN’speacekeeping.contribute:3)ifsthcontributestoanev