獨立主格結構精品

獨立主格結構和

with/without復合結構一．獨立主格結構1.概念:充當狀語在句中可以表示時間、原因條件、方式或伴隨情況等。2.結構:

名詞/代詞+非謂語（doing&todo&done）形容詞&副詞介詞短語

邏輯主語Takingyourageintoconsideration,You’dbetternotgohiking.Youragetakenintoconsideration,you’dbetternotgohiking.(邏主you)(邏主yourage)(Ⅰ)名詞/代詞+分詞(過去分詞done

&現(xiàn)在分詞doing)

當分詞作狀語時,其邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致時,分詞應有自己的邏輯主語,構成分詞的獨立結構。一般位于句首,也可放在句尾;作伴隨狀語時,常放在句首。

1.________________,theyleftthemeetingroom.（問題解決了）（settle）2.____________,we’llgothereonfoot.(時間允許的話)(permit)3.Hewaslyingonthegrass,(他的手交叉在手下)

________________________________(cross)ThisproblemsettledTimepermittinghishandscrossedunderhishead.l(Ⅱ)名詞/代詞+(being)形容詞_________________,hehadtostayhometolookafterher.(他媽媽生病了)2.Heenteredthehouse,(他的鼻子凍得通紅)___________________（red）(Ⅲ)名詞／代詞＋（being)副詞

Themeetingover（會議結束了），thestudentscontinuedtohavelessons.Withtheradioon,grandmafellasleepinthechair.收音機開著,奶奶在椅子里睡著了.Hismother(being)illhisnoseredwithcold.(Ⅳ)名詞／代詞＋不定式1.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest__inayear.(2005湖南)A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed.2.__________________________(最后一個人的到來)，ourpartywasstarted.（arrive）Thelastguesttoarrive（Ⅴ）名詞／代詞＋介詞短語在這一結構中，如果邏輯主語與介詞短語中的名詞都是單數(shù)名詞，這些名詞前習慣不用冠詞。1.Ourteachercameintotheclassroom,____________.(手上一本書)2._______________thesoldierrushedtothetopofthemountain.(肩上一面旗幟）bookinhandFlagonshoulder(Ⅵ)有些獨立主格結構中沒有分詞，僅

在名詞或代詞之后直接跟作表語或狀語

的詞或詞組，省去的分詞一般是being或havingbeen，這是為了簡練。但在

“being+過去分詞”或“therebeing＋

過去分詞”結構中，being不可省。1.___________________,hewenttoschool.(早餐結束后)（over）2.____________________________,shewentbacktoherroom.(沒有鬧鐘的原因)3._________________________,wecan‘tgothere.(房間正在被油漆)Breakfast(being)overTherebeingnocauseforalarmTheroombeingpaintednow二．With和without復合結構

with和without復合結構是:with/without＋名詞／代詞＋分詞／不定式／形容詞／副詞／介詞短語。在句子中可以作狀語或定語。（Ⅰ）with/without＋名詞／代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞。用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動、正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。

Icouldn`tfinishmyworkwiththosechildren__.A.playingaroundB.playsaroundC.playedaroundD.toplayaround(Ⅱ)with/without名詞／代詞+過去分詞。用過去分詞表示被動或已完成的動作。Intheread-room,wefoundherseatedatadesk,withherattention__onabook.A.fixingB.fixesC.fixedD.tofix

(Ⅲ)with/without＋名詞／代詞＋不定式。用不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動作。Withalotofdifficultproblems__,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled

(Ⅳ)with/without＋名詞／代詞＋形容詞。Shesleepswiththewindowopen.(Ⅴ)with/without+名詞／代詞＋副詞。

__productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through(Ⅵ)with/without+名詞／代詞＋介詞短語。

1.Hesleepswithabookinhishand.2.Agirlwithanecklacearoundherneckgotonthebus.三．with和without復合結構

與獨立主格結構的轉化（Ⅰ）with和without復合結構與獨立主格結構在句中作狀語時，一般可相互轉換；此外還可變?yōu)闋钫Z從句或并列句。（１）作時間狀語

Withwintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.=Wintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.

=Whenwintercomeson,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.

（２）作原因狀語

Withthekeylost,shecouldnotentertheroom.

=Thekeylost,shecouldnotentertheroom.

=As/Becausethekeyhadbeenlost,shecouldnotentertheroom.(3)作條件狀語

Withtimepermitting,we`llvisittheSummerPalace.

=Timepermitting,we`llvisittheSummerPalace.

=Iftimepermits,we`llvisittheSummerPalace.(4)作伴隨狀語

Herearethefirstthreevolumeswiththefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.

=Herearethefirstthreevolumes,thefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.=Herearethefirstthreevolumesandthefourthoneiscomingoutnextmonth.

(Ⅱ)with和without復合結構可以作后置定語修飾名詞，而獨立主格結

構則不可作后置定語修飾名詞。

Soonshearrivedataparkwithgrassgreenandflowersinblossom.

=Soonshearrivedataparkwhosegrasswasgreenandwhoseflowerswereinblossom.1.__tenminutes__beforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedatthestation.A.Therewere;togoB.With;togoC.Iwas;leftD.Ithad;left2.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe__.A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars3.__thelightsoff,wecouldnotgoonwiththework.A.UntilB.AsC.WithD.Because鞏固練習4.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdied__hisworkunfinished.A.forB.withC.fromD.of5.Theweather__sobad,wehadtoputoffthefootballmatch.A.wasB.isC.wereD.being6.__,therunnersracedontothefinishingline.A.StickinhandB.WithastickinhishandC.SticksinhandD.Sticksinhands7.Theboylayontheground,hiseyes__andhishands__.A.beingclosed;tremblingB.closed;tremblingC.closed;trembledD.closing;trembled

8.__,theworkcanbedonemuchbetter.A.GivenmoretimeB.WehadbeengivenmoretimeC.MoretimegivenD.Ifmoretimehadgiven9.Weather__,thesportsmeetwillbeheldasscheduled.A.permitsB.willpermitC.topermitD.permitting10.__arainyday,hedidn`tgooutforawalkasusual.A.ItwasB.ItisC.ItbeingD.HavingbeenWelldone!步驟：一、分析句子結構

1.________manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.

2.___manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.Told

C.HewastoldD.Thoughhetold

3.________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.

4.Ifyou________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.

5.________totheleft,andyou'llfindthepostoffice.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnD.Turned二、分析邏輯主語

確定要選非謂語動詞之后，第二步要分析其邏輯主語。非謂語動詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動詞特點，其邏輯上的動作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語須和句子的真正主語一致。若不一致，則須加上自己的邏輯主語。

1.________nobuses,wehavetowalkhome.2.______Sunday，Ishallhaveaquietdayathome.A.TherebeingB.ItwereC.TherewereD.Itbeing

三、分析語態(tài)

分析語態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動詞和邏輯主語在搭配使用時是主動還是被動關系。

1.______fromspace,theearthlooksblue.

2.______fromspace,wecanseetheearthisblue.A.SeenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.See

3.Thedirtyclothes______,thegirlhungthemupoutside.

4._____thedirtyclothes,thegirlhungthemupoutside.A.waswashedB.washedC.werewashedD.havingwashed四、分析時態(tài)，在選定了主動或被動后，還要考慮動作發(fā)生的時間問題，即時態(tài)。

1.Thebuilding______nowwillbearestaurant.

2.Thebuilding______nextyearwillbearestaurant.

3.Thebuilding______lastyearisarestaurant.

A.havingbeenbuiltB.tobebuilt

C.beingbuiltD.built

獨立主格結構和其他句式的結合Hehadalotoffriends,onlyafewof_________invitedtohiswedding.

A.whom

B.them

C.which

D.who

【陷阱】容易誤選A，認為這是非限制性定語從句。

【分析】最佳答案是B，這不是非限制性定語從句，而是一個獨立主格結構，因為空格后的動詞invited并不是一個完整的謂語，而是一個過去分詞。當然，假若在invited前加上助動詞were，則是一個非限制性定語從句，答案便應選A(1)Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_________carriedoutintheirwork.

A.which

B.them

C.what

D.that

(2)Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_________werecarriedoutintheirwork.

A.which

B.them

C.what

D.that

(3)Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,butnoneof_________werecarriedoutintheirwork.

A.which

B.them

C.what

D.that

OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_________parentsseatedtogetherjoking.

A.their

B