2023年全國(guó)攻讀工商管理碩士學(xué)位研究生入學(xué)考試

全國(guó)攻讀工商管理碩士學(xué)位碩士入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題中國(guó)MBA備考網(wǎng)考生注意：答案必須寫(xiě)在答題卡和答題紙上，寫(xiě)在試題紙上無(wú)效SectionIVocabularyDirections:Thereare20incompletesentencesinthissection.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)1.IwasspeakingtoAnnonthephonewhensuddenlywewere________.[A]hungup[B]hungback[C]cutdown[D]cutoff2.Ms.Greenhasbeenlivingintownforonlyoneyear,yetsheseemstobe________witheveryonewhocomestothestore.[A]accepted[B]admitted[C]admired[D]acquainted3.Dozensofscientificgroupsallovertheworldhavebeen__________thegoalofapracticalandeconomicwaytousesunlighttosplitwatermolecules.[A]pursuing[B]chasing[C]reaching[D]winning4.Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat__________thespeakersstoppedforrefreshments.[A]atlarge[B]atintervals[C]atease[D]atrandom5.He______thattherewillbeanearthquakeinthisareainthenextfewyears.[A]addicts[B]indicts[C]predicts[D]contradicts6.Changingfromsolidtoliquidwatertakesinheatformallsubstancesnearit,andthisproducesartificialcoldsurroundingit.[A]absorption[B]transition[C]consumption[D]interaction7.Language,culture,andpersonalitymaybeconsidered________ofeachotherinthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.[A]indistinctly[B]specially[C]irrelevantly[D]independently8.Watchingmepullingthecalfawkwardlytothebarn,theIrishmilkmaidfoughthardto_______herlaughter.[A]holdback[B]holdon[C]holdout[D]holdup9.Themanagergaveoneofthesalesgirlsanaccusinglookforher_________attitudetowardcustomers.[A]impartial[B]mild[C]hostile[D]opposing10.ThepollutionquestionaswellasseveralotherissuesisgoingtobediscussedwhentheCongressisin_____________againnestspring.[A]assembly[B]session[C]conference[D]convention11.ChristmasisaChristianholydayusuallycelebratedonDecember25th__________thebirthofJesusChrist.[A]inaccordancewith[B]intermsof[C]infavorof[D]inmemoryof12.Sinceitistoolatetochangemymindnow,Iam________tocarryingouttheplan.[A]obliged[B]committed[C]engaged[D]resolved13.Itwasaboldideatobuildapowerstationinthedeepvalley,butit__________aswellaswehadhoped.[A]cameoff[B]wentoff[C]broughtout[D]madeout14.Bytheendof1994,558kindsofproductshadbeen__________greenfood.[A]named[B]restricted[C]classified[D]labeled15.Thebankextendslong-term______atfavorableratetoforeignbuyers,thusfinancingthepurchaseofUSgoodsandservices.[A]mortgages[B]securities[C]loans[D]insurances16.Thepressureofagasplays______importantapartthanthatofaliquid.[A]noless[B]noneless[C]nonetheless[D]nottheless17.The______thusincurredwillbepayablebytheship,freight,andcargoinproportiontotheirrespectivevalue.[A]investment[B]consumption[C]expenditure[D]cost18.Yourbill,includingroomserviceandthemealsyouhadhere,______onehundredandforty-fivedollars.[A]addsupto[B]makesup[C]countsup[D]getstogether19.ThisnovelissobadlywrittenthatIcanhardly______whatthewriteristryingtosay.[A]fillout[B].findout[C]thinkout[D]figureout20.Mybrotherlikeseatingverymuchbutheisn’tvery______aboutthefoodheeats.[A]special[B].peculiar[C]particular[D]unusualSectionIIClozeDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.ForeachnumberedblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1.(15points)Racingisacompetitionofspeed.Therearemanykindsofracing21almosteverymeansoftransportationandphysicalactivity.Thereareracesonfoot,22vehiclesofallkindsandonhorses.Thereareracesbetweenanimalslargeandsmall—horses,dogsandevenfrogs.Sometimesprizesare23forvictory,butoftenthepleasureisenoughreward.FootracingwasamajorsportattheancientGreekOlympicGames.24wererewardedandhonoredbythepeople.Thissportwas25attheRomangames.Footracingisasportinwhichenduranceisoftenimportant.Inshortthecompetitorsrunthecourseasfastastheycanbutinlonger26..Theymustsaveenoughstrengthtoendtheraceinastrongfinish.Asvariousmachines27forspeedweredeveloped,manracedthem.Hehasracedboats,bicycles,motorcycles,automobilesandairplanes.Mostracesinvolvedirect28bytheparticipants.Theystartatthesametimefromastarting29.Thefirstto30thefinishlineisthewinner.However,massstartsaredangerousinsomeraces,suchasskiing.Inthese31competitorsrunthecourseindividually.Thepersonorteamtocompletethecourseinthe32timeisthewinner.Relayraceare33races.Eachteammemberracesthesamedistance.Asthefirstmanfinishes,thesecond34.Thiscontinuesuntileachteammembercompletehispartoftherace.Victoryisawardedtotheteam35toanindividual.21.[A]including [B]having [C]involving [D]keeping22.[A]in [B]on [C]with [D]between23.[A]rewarded [B]awarded [C]given [D]handed24.[A]athletes [B]winners [C]participants [D]players25.[A]alsopresent [B]alsopopular [C]presentalso [D]popularalso26.[A]course [B]race [C]instance [D]track27.[A]got [B]made [C]thatdid [D]thatmade28.[A]contact [B]competition [C]contract [D]contrast29.[A]point [B]area [C]district [D]line30.[A]hit [B]cross [C]across [D]strike31.[A]events [B]races [C]courses [D]places32.[A]less [B]lest [C]least [D]short33.[A]individual [B]personal [C]team [D]group34.[A]starts [B]sets [C]moves [D]runs35.[A]morethan [B]ratherthan [C]not [D]insteadSectionIIIReadingComprehensionDirections:Readthefollowingfourpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingA,B,CandD.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Passage1NASAscientistssaidtheexaminationrevealedasmanyquestionsasanswers.“Wehavenowanumberofhypotheses（假設(shè)）aboutwhat’sgoingonintheMartiansoil,”saidSteveSquyres,principalinvestigatorfromConnellUniversity,describingthesoilanalysisthattheroverconductedonMonday.Thesix-wheeledrobotturneditsattentionTuesdaytothelarge,sharplyangledrockscientistshavedubbed“Adirondack.”ResultsofthattestingwereexpectedonWednesday.TheSpiritroverisbeingusedtoexamineitssurroundingsintheGuseyCraterasscientistssearchforevidencethattheplanet’ssurfaceoncehadliquidwater.“Wedon’tknowthatthissoilcamefromtheGuseyCrater.Thestuffcouldhavecomefromsomewhereelse.It’sgoingtobeveryinteresting.Todigsomeholesandseeifitlooksthesamedeeperdown”,Squyressaid.Oneinstrumenttoldscientiststhesoilcontainedamixtureofmaterialsthatincludedamineralcalledolivine.Scientistsweresurprisedtofindolivine,whichisusuallyassociatedwithvolcaniceruptions,saidSquyres.Missionmembersnowbelievethesoilcouldbealayeroffinelygroundlava,hesaid.“Thatwouldbeasurprisetome,”hesaid.“Ithinkwe’regoingtolearnwonderfulthingsbyusingthewheelstoscrapeandpush”thesoilawaytoseewhat’sunderneath.Anothertooldetectedtheelementsiron,argon,sulfur,chlorine,nickelandzincinthesoil,saidJohannesBruecknerofGermany’sMaxPlanckInstituteforChemistry.MostofthemineralshadbeennotedduringpreviousMarsexpeditions,butthisisthefirsttimescientistshavedetectednickelandzincs,hesaid.SpiritextendeditsroboticarmTuesdayandplacedadrillingtoolagainstthesurfaceofthe“Adirondack”rocktotestthedrill’sposition,saidJenniferTrosper,missionmanagerforNASA'sJetPropulsionLaboratory.Missionmemberswerestilldecidingwhethertousethetooltodrillintotherocktoseeifitsinnercompositionmatchesreadingstheywerecollectingfromitsexteriorusingotherinstruments.Scientistsbelievetherockismadeofavolcanicrockcalledbasalt.“Youcanthinkofitasatimecapsulethatcontainsahistoryofitsformation,”saidDaveDesMaraisofNASA’sAmesResearchCenter.Trospersaidtheroverwasdoingremarkablywellandwastransmittingan“incredibleamountofdata.It’slikewegotanInternetupgradeovernight.”Spirit’stwin,Opportunity,isduetolandSaturdayonMeridianiPlanum,whichlieshalfwayaroundtheplanetfromSpirit’sJan.3landingsiteinGusevCrater.36.WhenNASAscientistssaidtheexaminationrevealedasmanyquestionsasanswers,theyprobablyimply______________.[A]theexaminationrevealedmanyquestionsaswellasmanyanswers[B]theexaminationhasalreadyprovidedreadyanswerstoallthemanyquestions[C]thatwhiletileexaminationrevealedthequestionsscientistswouldquicklyfindanswerstothem[D]thatcorrespondinghypotheseswereformulatedastoallthequestionstherover’sanalysisrevealed37.Theverbphrase“havedubbed”isbestusedtomean___________[A]havedoubted[B]havenamed[C]havehonored[D]havedoubled38.ThemainideaofParagraphThreecanbestbe____________.[A]theexaminationhasnotonlyfoundsoilfromtheGuseyCraterorfromsomewhereelse,butalsohasdetermineditscontent[B]it’sveryinterestingtodigsomeholesandseewhatisinside[C]NASAscientistsnowfeelsurethatthesoilcontainedamixtureofmaterialswitholivineinside[D]NASAscientistsarenotsureifthesoiltineinstrumentexaminedcamefromtheGuseyCraterorcamefromsomewhereelse39.WhichofthefollowingelementsbelongtowhathadnotbeendetectedinthepreviousMarsexpeditions?[A]Ironandargon[B]sulfurandchlorine[C]nickelandzinc[D]nickelandsulfur40.Thetoneoftheauthorinthispassagesounds______________.[A]cool-heartedandanalytic[B]objectiveandcritical[C]sympatheticandthoughtful[D]optimisticandconfidentPassage2Itisincongruous（不協(xié)調(diào)）thatthenumberofBritishinstitutionsofferingMBAcoursesshouldhavegrownby254percentduringaperiodwhentheeconomyhasbeenslidingintodeeperrecession.Optimists,orthosegiventospeedyassumptionsmightthinkitmarveloustohavesucharesourceofbusinessschoolgraduatesreadyfortherecovery.Unfortunately,thereisnowmuchdoubtaboutthevalueofthedegree—notleastamongMBAgraduatesthemselves,sufferingastheyarefromtheeffectsofrecessionandfacingtheprospectofshrinkingmanagementstructures.Whatwastakensomeyearsagoasaticketofcertainadmissiontosuccessisnowbeingexposedtothescrutiny（審查）ofcost-consciousemployerswhoseek“can-dos”ratherthan“might-dos”,andwhofeelthatacademiahasnotbeensufficientlyappreciativeoftheneedsofindustryoroftheemployers’possiblerequirements.Perhapscompaniesthatmadelargeinvestmentswouldhavebeenwisertoinvestinalreadyexistingmanagers,restinganxiouslyontheirowninternalladders.TheInstituteofManagement’s1992survey,whichrevealedthateighty-onepercentofmanagersthoughttheywouldbemoreeffectiveiftheyreceivedmoretraining,suggeststhatthismightbethecase.Thereis,too,thefactthattrainingalonedoesnotmakesuccessfulmanagers.Theyneedtheinherentqualificationsofcharacter,adegreeofself-control,and,aboveall,theabilitytocommunicateandlead.Onecaneasilythinkofpeople,somecomparativelyunlettered,whoarenowpraisedcaptainsofindustry.Wemay,thereforenotneedtobetooconcernedaboutthefallinapplicationsforbusinessschoolplacesoreventhedoubtaboutMBAs.Theincreaseandsubsequentquestioningmayhavebeenaninevitableevolution.IftheManagementCharterInitiativenowexploringtheintroductionofaseniormanagementqualificationissuccessful,therewillbeapowerfulcorrective.Webelievenowthatmanagementisallaboutchange.Onehopestherewillbesomeofthatintherelationshipbetweenmanagementandsciencewithinindustry,currentlycausingconcernandwhichisoverdueforattention.Noonedoubtsthatweneedmorescientistsandinnovationtogiveusanedgeinanincreasinglycompetitiveworld.Ifscientistsfeelthemselvesundervaluedandunder-used,workinginindustrialisnotapromisingsignalforthefuture.Itseemswehavetoresolvethesemisunderstandingsbetweenscienceandindustry.Aboveall,wehavetomakesurethatmanagementisnotitselfproudofitsstatusandthatitdoesnotissuemissionstatementsaboutcommunicationwithoutrealizingthattheessenceofitisadialogue.41.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorbelievedthat__________[A]therearetoomanyMBAs[B]thedegreeisover-valued[C]standardsareinconsistent[D]thedegreehasdoubtfulvalue42.Accordingtothepassage,employers____________[A]feelthattheyhavenotbeenconsultedsufficientlyabouttheirneeds.[B]considerthatcost-consciousnessisthemostimportantqualification[C]aremoreconcernedaboutthevalueofthedegreethangraduatesthemselves[D]feelthatMBAswillbenotnecessarybecauseofshrinkingmanagementstructures43.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat______________.[A]managersneedtheabilitytocommunicatetoadegree[B]trainingneedstobedoneingroupstobesuccessful[C]managerstodaymusthavegoodcommunicationandleadershipskills[D]industrialmanagersdonotneedtowriteletters44.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat_____________[A]scienceincreasescompetition[B]scientistsareundervalued[C]managementofscienceneedsreassessment[D]managementfeelsproudofitsstatus45.WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtothepassage?[A]Employerstodayarelookingforprovenexperienceratherthanpotentialability.[B]CompanieswouldhavebenefitedmorefrominvestingintheirownstaffratherthanrecruitingMBAs.[C]Mostmanagersinterviewedfeltthattheircolleaguesneededmoretraining.[D]TheManagementCharterInitiativeisanattempttostandardizeMBAsPassage3Wehavelessincommonwithournearestanimalrelativethanwethought,atleastifourDNAisanythingtogoby.Newcomparisonsofhumanandchimpanzee（黑猩猩）DNAshowtherearemoredifferencesthanwerealized.Foryears,oneveryspecialnumberhashelpedshapebothoursenseofselfandoursenseofkinshipwithourclosestrelative,Pantroglodytes.We’retoldthatweshare98.5percentofourDNAwithchimps,afigureboastedsowidelyithasalmostbecomeamanta(圣歌).Nowitseemsthatnumberiswrong.Weactuallysharelessthan95percentofourgeneticmaterial,sothedifferenceisthreetimesasgreataswasthought.ThenewfigurecametolightwhenRoyBrittenoftheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologybecamesuspiciousaboutthereliabilityofthe98.5percentfigure.ItwasoriginallyderivedfromatechniquethatBrittenhimselfdevelopeddecadesagoatCaltechwithhiscolleagueDaveKohne.BymeasuringthetemperatureatwhichcorrespondingstretchesofDNAfromtwospeciescomesapart,youcanworkouthowdifferenttheyare.Butthetechniqueonlypicksuponetypeofvariation,calledasinglebasesubstitution(單基因替代).Thisiswhenasingle“l(fā)etter”ofthegeneticcodediffersincorrespondingstrandsofDNAfromthetwospecies.Buttherearetwoothermajortypesofvariationwhichthepreviousanalysesignored.InsertionsaddawholesectionofDNAtoonespeciesbutnottothecorrespondingstrandoftheother.Likewise,deletionsmeanthatapieceofDNAhasbeenlostfromonespeciesbutnotfromtheother.Together,they’retermed“indels”.SoBrittenlookedforthetruevariationbetweenthetwospeciesbyanalyzingfivestretchesofchimpDNAjustpublishedontheInternet.WhenhecomparedthesetocorrespondingpiecesofhumanDNA,hefoundthatsinglebasesubstitutionsaccountedforadifferenceof1.4percent,veryclosetotheexpectedfigure.ButhealsofoundthattheDNAofbothspecieswaslitteredwithindelsthataddaround4percenttothegeneticdifferencesbetweenusandchimps.Theresultisonlybasedonabout1millionDNAbasesoutofthe3billionwhichmakeupthehumanandchimpgenomes,saysBritten.“It’sjustaglance.”Butthedifferencesappeartobeevenlydistributedacross“junk”regionsofDNAandregionsthatcontaingenes.46.Thefirstparagraphofthispassageimpliesbutdoesnotclearlystatethat__________.[A]weshouldhaveconfidenceinconventionalbeliefs[B]chimpanzeesarenotournearestanimalrelatives[C]DNAisnotsuchareliablesourcefordeterminationinthisarea[D]TheDNAofchimpanzeeshasverylittleincommonwiththatofhumans47.RoyBrittenbelievesthatthedifferencesbetweenhumansandchimpanzeesmaywellbeabout[A]98.5%[B]95%[C]1.5%[D]5%48.Theoriginalfigureiswrongbecauseitisbasedmerelyon__________.[A]Asinglebasesubstitution[B]insertions[C]deletions[D]indels49.BrittenthinksthathisstudyonDNAofhumansandchimpanzeesis__________.[A]quitecomplete[B]onlyofpreliminarywork[C]notveryreliable[D]probablymisleading50.Whichofthefollowingmightbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?[A]Notsuchcloserelativesafterall[B]DevelopmentofDNAtechnology.[C]Chimpanzeesareourclosestrelatives.[D]DistributionofDNAinthechimpanzees.PassageFourThoughEnglandwasonthewholeprosperousandhopeful,thoughbycomparisonwithherneighborssheenjoyedinternalpeace,shecouldnotdenythefactthattheworldofwhichsheformedapartwastornbyhatredandconflictsasfierceasanyinhumanhistory.Menwerestillfarfromrecognizingthattworeligionscouldexistsidebysideinthesamesociety;theybelievedthatthetolerationofanotherreligiondifferentfromtheirown,andhencenecessarilyfalse,mustinevitablydestroysuchasocietyandbringallitsmembersintodangerofhell.Sothestrugglewentonwithincreasingangrywithineachnationtoimposeasinglebriefuponeverysubject,andwithinthegeneralsocietyofChristendomtoimposeituponeverynation.InEnglandtheReformers,orProtestants（新教）,aidedbythepoweroftheCrown,hadatthisstagetriumphed,butoverEuropeasawholeRomewasbeginningtorecoversomeofthegroundithadlostafterMartinLuther’srevoltintheearlierpartofthecentury.Itdidthisintwoways,bytheactivitiesofitsmissionaries（傳教士）,asinpartsofGermany,orbythemilitarymightoftheCatholicPowers,asintheLowCountries,wheretheDutchprovincesweresometimesunderthepressureofSpanisharms.AgainstEngland,themostimportantofalltheProtestantnationstore-conquer,militarymightwasnotyetpossiblebecausetheCatholicPowersweretoooccupiedanddivided;andso,inthe157,.Romebentherefforts,asshehaddoneathousandyearsbeforeinthedaysofSaintAugustine,towinEnglandbackbymeansofhermissionaries.ThesemissionarieswereyoungEnglishmenwhohadeithernevergivenuptheoldfaith,orhavingdoneso,hadfeltcalledtobecomepriests.Therebeing,ofcourse,noCatholicseminaries（神學(xué)院）leftinEngland,theywentabroad,atfirstquiteeasily,laterwithdifficultyanddanger,tostudyintheEnglishcollegesatDouaiorRome:theformerestablishedforthetrainingofordinaryorlong-termclergy（牧師）,theotherforthememberoftheSocietyofJesus,commonlyknownasJesuits,aneworderestablishedbySt.IgnatiusLoyolasomethirtyyearsbefore.Thelong-termmissionarycamefirst;theyachievedasuccesswhicheventhemosteagercouldhardlyhaveexpected.Cool-mindedandwell-informedmen,likeCecil,hadlongpredictedthattheconversionoftheEnglishpeopletoProtestantismwasfarfromcomplete;many-Cecilthoughteventhemajorityhaddoubtattherapidchangesinbeliefandformsofworshipimposedontheminsoshortatime.Thusithappenedthatthemissionariesfoundawelcome,notonlywiththefamilieswhohadsecretlyofferedthemhospitalityiftheycame,butwithmanyotherswhomtheirfirsthostsinvitedtomeetthemorpassedthemonto.Theywouldlandattheportsindisguise（偽裝）,asmerchants,courtiers,andmakefortheirfirsthouseofrefuge.Theretheypreachto（傳教）thehouseholdsandtosuchoftheneighborsastheirhoststrustedandpresentlygoontosomeotherlocalitytowhichtheyweredirectedorfromwhichtheyreceivedacall.51.Themainideaofthispassageis______________.[A]ThecontinuousreligiousstruggleinBritaininnewways[B]HowBritishpeoplebelieveinreligion[C]ThevictoryoftheNewreligioninBritain[D]Englandbecameprosperous52.WhatwasMartinLuther’sreligion?[A]Buddhism[B]Protestantism.[C]Catholicism[D]Orthodox.53.ThroughwhatwaydidtheRomerecoversomeofthelostland?[A]Civilandmilitaryways.[B]Publicationaandattack.[C]Persuasionandcriticism.[D]Religiousandmilitaryways.54.Whatdidthesecondparagraphmainlydescribe?[A]TheactivitiesofmissionariesinBritain.[B]TheconversionofEnglishpeopletoProtestantismwasfarfromcomplete.[C]TheyounginBritainbegantoconverttoCatholicism.[D]Mostfamiliesofferedhospitalitytomissionaries.55.WhywerethemissionarieswelcomedincasetheyvisitBritishfamilies?[A]MajorityofBritishfamiliestaketheprideofthereligiontheyhavechosen.[B]MajorityofBritishfamiliesfeelpuzzledatthequickchangesindoctrineandworshipimposedonthem.[C]Themissionariesareusuallycool-mindedandwell-informedmenintheBritishsociety.[D]ThemissionariesinBritainalwaystrytoactasmerchantsorcourtierswhenadministeringthepreachtotheneighborhoods.SectionIVTranslationDirections:InthissectionthereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethefivesentencesunderlinedintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2(15points)Wehavebeenspeakingoftheloveofwhichapersonistheobject.Iwishnowspeakof