高考沖刺英語閱讀理解課堂練答案解析12

2020高考英語：閱讀理解課堂練（9）PassageSeventeen(OnthePresident’sProgram)PresidentArlinghasputhislongawaitedeconomicrestructuringprogrambeforetheCongress.Itprovidesacoordinatedprogramofinvestmentcredits,researchgrants,educationreforms,andtaxchangesdesignedtomakeAmericanindustrymorecompetitive.Thisisnecessarytoreversetheeconomicslideintounemployment,lackofgrowth,andtradedeficitsthathaveplaguedtheeconomyforthepastsixyears.ThemostliberalwingofthePresident’spartyhascalledforstrongerandmoredirectaction.Theywantanincomespolicytocheckinflationwhilefederalfinancinghelpsrebuildindustrybehindawallofprotectivetariffs.TheRepublicans,however,decryeventhemodest,graduatedtaxincreasesinthePresident’sprogram.Theywanttaxcutsandmoreopenmarket.Theysayiffederalmoneyhastobeinjectedintotheeconomy,letitthroughdefencespending.Boththesealternativesignoretheuniquenatureoftheeconomicproblembeforeus.Itisnotsimplyamatterofmarketsorfinancing.Thenewtechnologyallowsvastlyincreasedproductionforthoseabletomasterit.Butitalsothreatensthosewhofailtoadoptitwithpermanentsecond-classcitizenshipintheworldeconomy.Ifanindustrycannotleveritselfuptotheleadingstageoftechnologicaladvances,thenitwillnotbeabletocompeteeffectively.Ifitcannotdothis,noamountofgovernmentprotectionismoraccesstoforeignmarketscankeepitprofitableforlong.Withouttheprofitsandexperienceoftechnologicalexcellencetoreinvest,thatindustrycanonlyfallstillfurtherbehinditsforeigncompetitors.SothecruxisthetechnologyandthatiswherethePresident’sprogramfocused.Thedangerisnotthataplanwillnotbepassed;itisthattheideologuesofrightandleftwilldistortthebillwithamendmentsthatwillbluritsfocusontechnology.Theeconomicrestructuringplanshouldbepassedintact.Ifwefailtorestructureoureconomynow,wemaynotgetasecondchance.1.ThefocusofthePresident’sprogramison________.A.investment.B.economy.C.technology.D.tax.2.WhatistherequirementofthemostliberalwingoftheDemocratic-party?A.Theywantamoredirectaction.B.Theywantanincomespolicytocheckinflation.C.Theywanttorebuildindustry.D.Theywantawallofprotectivetariffs.3.Whatistheeditor’sattitude?A.support.B.distaste.C.Disapproval.D.Compromise.4.Thedangertotheplanliesin________.A.thetwoparties’objection.B.differentideaofthetwopartiesabouttheplan.C.itspassage.D.distortion.5.Thepassageis________.A.areview.B.apreface.C.anadvertisement.D.aneditorial.Vocabulary

逆轉(zhuǎn)

滑坡

瘟疫；折磨，困擾

關(guān)稅

譴責(zé)，詆毀

杠桿；用杠桿撬動

癥結(jié)

空想家，思想家

原封不動的，完整無損的credit

投資信貸grant

研究基金難句譯注1.Thisisnecessarytoreversetheeconomicslideintounemployment,lackofgrowth,andtradedeficitsthathaveplaguedtheeconomyforthepastsixyears.【參考譯文】這對扭轉(zhuǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)滑坡；滑到失業(yè)高、增長少和已經(jīng)困擾經(jīng)濟(jì)達(dá)6年之久貿(mào)易赤字來說是必要的。寫作方法與文章大意這是一則有關(guān)總統(tǒng)向國會提交的經(jīng)濟(jì)計劃評論。作者采用對比手法來突出其計劃之正確性，第一段就講了計劃的涉及面：投資、研究、教育、稅收等，目的是制止經(jīng)濟(jì)滑坡，提高美國工業(yè)競爭力。第二、三兩段敘述了計劃遭兩方面的反對，總統(tǒng)黨內(nèi)的右翼要求更強(qiáng)硬，更直接的行動，而共和黨對即使逐漸稍稍提高一點(diǎn)稅收都予以譴責(zé)。第四段提出兩者都忽略我們面臨經(jīng)濟(jì)問題的獨(dú)特性質(zhì)。它不是市場或財政問題。掌握新技術(shù)的人大量增產(chǎn)，而不能采用新技術(shù)的人面臨在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)中成為二等公民的危險。工業(yè)不能達(dá)到先進(jìn)水平，就不能有效地競爭，那么任何保護(hù)主義或進(jìn)入外國市場都不能長期奏效。沒有技術(shù)優(yōu)勢的經(jīng)驗和利潤的再投資，工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)只能依然落后于外國競爭對手。最后一段點(diǎn)出總統(tǒng)計劃的要點(diǎn)就是工藝技術(shù)。作者提出：要求全面通過這一重新建設(shè)計劃。如果我們不能重建經(jīng)濟(jì)，我們可能不會有第二次機(jī)會。答案詳解工藝技術(shù)。最后一段第一句“問題的癥結(jié)就在于工藝技術(shù)，這就是總統(tǒng)計劃的要點(diǎn)所在?！钡谒亩危骸皩φ莆招录夹g(shù)的人來說，新技術(shù)使他們大大增產(chǎn)，而新技術(shù)對不能掌握它的人來說，在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)中他們面臨淪為永久性的二等公民的危險。如果不能做到這一點(diǎn)，那么任何政府保護(hù)主義，進(jìn)入國際市場都不能有效地競爭。如果不能有技術(shù)優(yōu)勢的利潤和經(jīng)驗再投資，工業(yè)只能進(jìn)一步落后于國外競爭對手?！边@些都說明總統(tǒng)計劃的重點(diǎn)再工藝技術(shù)。A.投資。D.稅收。只是總統(tǒng)計劃的涉及面。B.經(jīng)濟(jì)。太籠統(tǒng)了。更直接行動。第二段“總統(tǒng)的黨內(nèi)幾段自由翼要求更強(qiáng)硬、更直接行動。他們要求用收入（稅收）政策來制止通貨膨脹；聯(lián)邦財政在關(guān)稅保護(hù)下，幫助重建工業(yè)?！盉.他們需要制止通貨膨脹。C.重建工業(yè)。D.保護(hù)關(guān)稅墻。都只是他們要求中的不分內(nèi)容，不完整。支持。第四、五段集中了評論者的觀點(diǎn)，支持的理由和論點(diǎn)。B.厭惡。C.不贊成。D.調(diào)和妥協(xié)。歪曲。最后一段第二句：“其危險不在于計劃將不被通過，而在于左和右的思想理論家們用修正案來歪曲提案，使計劃要點(diǎn)蒙塵模糊不清，經(jīng)濟(jì)重建計劃應(yīng)原封不動地通過。”這是作者的態(tài)度，也是他所擔(dān)心之處。A.兩黨的反對。B.兩黨對計劃的不同看法。C.它的通過。社論。A.評論。社論也是評論的一種，但它是報紙主編所撰，常常是有關(guān)國內(nèi)外大事評論。B.前言。C.廣告。PassageEighteen(StrictlyBansmoking)Ifyousmokeandyoustilldon’tbelievethatthere’sadefinitelinkbetweensmokingandbronchialtroubles,heartdiseaseandlungcancer,thenyouarecertainlydeceivingyourself.Noonewillaccuseyouofhypocrisy.Letusjustsaythatyouaresufferingfromabadcaseofwishfulthinking.Thisneedn’tmakeyoutoouncomfortablebecauseyouareingoodcompany.Wheneverthesubjectofsmokingandhealthisraised,thegovernmentsofmostcountrieshearnoevil,seenoevilandsmellnoevil.Admittedly,afewgovernmentshavetakentimidmeasures.InBritainforinstance,cigaretteadvertisinghasbeenbannedontelevision.Theconscienceofthenationisappeased,whilethepopulationcontinuestopuffitswaytosmoky,cancerousdeath.Youdon’thavetolookveryfartofindoutwhytheofficialreactionstomedicalfindingshavebeensolukewarm.Theanswerissimplymoney.Tobaccoisawonderfulcommoditytotax.It’salmostlikeataxonourdailybread.Intaxrevenuealone,thegovernmentofBritaincollectsenoughfromsmokerstopayforitsentireeducationalfacilities.Sowhiletheauthoritiespointouteversodiscreetlythatsmokingmay,conceivable,beharmful,itdoesn’tdotoshouttooloudlyaboutit.Thisissurelythemostshort-sightedpolicyyoucouldimagine.Whilemoneyiseagerlycollectedinvastsumswithonehand,itispaidoutinincreasinglyvastersumswiththeother.Enormousamountsarespentoncancerresearchandoneffortstocurepeoplesufferingfromthedisease.Countlessvaluablelivesarelost.Inthelongrun,thereisnodoubtthateverybodywouldbemuchbetter-offifsmokingwerebannedaltogether.Ofcourse,wearenotreadyforsuchadrasticaction.Butifthegovernmentsoftheworldwerehonestlyconcernedaboutthewelfareoftheirpeoples,you’dthinkthey’dconductaggressiveanti-smokingcampaigns.Farfromit!Thetobaccoindustryisallowedtospendstaggeringsumsonadvertising.Itsadvertisingisasinsidiousasitisdishonest.Wearenevershownpicturesofrealsmokerscoughinguptheirlungsearlyinthemorning.Thatwouldneverdo.Theadvertisementalwaysdepictvirile,clean-shavenyoungmen.Theysuggestitismanlytosmoke,evenpositivelyhealthy!Smokingisassociatedwiththegreatopen-airlife,withbeautifulgirls,trueloveandtogetherness.Whatutternonsense!Forastart,governmentscouldbeginbybanningallcigaretteandtobaccoadvertisingandshouldthenconductanti-smokingadvertisingcampaignsoftheirown.Smokingshouldbebannedinallpublicplacesliketheatres,cinemasandrestaurants.Greateffortsshouldbemadetoinformyoungpeopleespeciallyofthedireconsequencesoftakingupthehabit.Ahorrificwarning–say,apictureofadeath’shead–shouldbeincludedineverypacketofcigarettesthatissold.Asindividuals,wearecertainlyweak,butifgovernmentsactedhonestlyandcourageously,theycouldprotectusfromourselves.1.Whydoafewgovernmentstaketimidmeasurestowardsmoking?A.becausetheyareafraidofpeople.B.Becausediseasescostalot.C.Becausetheyareafraidofthecuttingdownoftheirrevenue.D.Becausetheyareafraidofmanufacturers.2.Thetoneofthispassageis________.A.critical.B.ironical.C.distaste.D.amusing.3.Whatdoesthesentence“becauseyouareingoodcompany”mean?A.youarebackedbythegovernment.B.Youarenotalone.C.Youhavegoodcolleagues.D.Governmentsareblindtoevilsofsmokingtoo.4.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.WorldGovernmentsshouldconductseriouscampaignsagainstsmoking.B.Worldgovernmentstaketimidmeasuresagainstsmoking.C.smokingisthemostimportantsourceofincometomanycountries.D.tobaccoindustryspendsalargesumofmoneyonmedicalresearch.Vocabularywishfulthinking

根據(jù)愿望的想法，不顧事實的想法

噴

puffitswayto

一路吞云吐霧走向（指抽煙抽到死）

冷淡/漠然

陰險的，狡猾的

年富力強(qiáng)的寫作方法與文章大意這是一篇“要求政府禁煙”的論說文，采用因果對比手法。先以諷刺口吻指出政府對禁煙的態(tài)度――軟弱無力。然后點(diǎn)明軟弱的原因――大量稅收。再以抽煙大嚴(yán)重后果