高考沖刺英語(yǔ)閱讀理解課堂練（13）答案解析

2020高考英語(yǔ)：閱讀理解課堂練（13）PassageTwenty--Five(KillingintheNameofGod

UgandanDeathsSpotlightRiseofCults)

Howcouldfaithbegetsuchevil?AfterhundredsofmembersofaUgandancult,theMovementfortheRestorationoftheTenCommandmentsofGod,diedinwhatfirstappearedtobeasuicidalfireinthevillageofKanungutwoweeksago,policefound153bodiesburiedinacompoundusedbythecultinBuhunga,25milesaway.Wheninvestigatorssearchedthehouseofacultleaderinyetanothervillage,theydiscovered155bodies,manyburiedundertheconcretefloorofthehouse.Thenscoresmoreweredugupatacultmember’shome.Somehadbeenpoisoned;others,often-youngchildren,strangled.Byweek’send,Ugandanpolicehadcounted924victims–includingatleast530whoburnedtodeathinsidethesealedchurch–exceedingthe1978JonestownmasssuicideandkillingsbyfollowersofAmericancultleaderJimJonesthatclaimed913lives.

Authoritiesbelievetwoofthecult’sleaders,JosephKibwetere,a68-year-oldformerRomanCatholiccatechismteacherwhostartedthecultin1987,andhis“prophetess,”CredoniaMwerinde,bysomeaccountsaformerprostitutewhoclaimedtospeakfortheVirginMary,maystillbealiveandontherun.ThepairhadpredictedtheworldwouldendonDec.31,1999.Whenthatdidn’thappen,followerswhodemandedthereturnoftheirpossessions,whichtheyhadtosurrenderonjoiningthecult,mayhavebeensystematicallykilled.

TheUgandancarnagefocusesattentionontheproliferationofreligiouscultsinEastAfrica’simpoverishedruralareasandcityslums.AccordingtotheinstituteforthestudyofAmericanreligion,whichresearchescultsandsects,therearenowmorethan5,000indigenouschurchesinAfrica,somewithapocalypticorrevolutionaryleanings.OnesuchgroupistheJerusalemChurchofChristinNairobi’sKawangwaraslums,ledbyMarySnaida-Akatsa,or“mommy”assheisknowntoherthousandsoffollowers.Sheprophesiesabouttheendoftheworldandaccusessomemembersofbeingwitches.Onedaythebroughta“specialvisitor”tochurch,anIndianSikhmansheclaimedwasJesus,andtoldherfollowersto“repentorpaytheconsequences.”

MostexpertssayAfrica’shardshipspushpeopletoseekhopeinreligiouscults.“Thesegroupsthrivebecauseofpoverty,”saysCharlesOnyangoObbo,editoroftheMonitor,anindependentnewspaperinUganda,andacloseobserverofcults.“Peoplehavenosupport,andthey’resusceptibletoanyonewhoisabletotapintotheirinsecurity.”Additionally,theysay,AIDS,whichhasravagedEastAfrica,mayalsobreedafatalismthathelpsapocalypticnotionstakeroot.

SomeAfricansturntocultsafterrejectingmainstreamChristianchurchesas“Western”or“non-African.”AgnesMasitsa,30,whousedtoattendaCatholicchurchbeforeshejoinedtheJerusalemChurchofChrist,saysofCatholicism:“It’sdull.”

Catholicicons.Yet,theUgandandoomsdaycult,likemanyofthesects,drewonfeaturesofRomanCatholicism,astrongforceintheregion.Catholiciconswereprominentinitsbuildings,andsomeofitsleadersweredefrockedpriests,suchasDominicKataribabo,32,whoreportedlystudiedtheologyintheLosAngelesareainthemid-1980s.Hehadtoldneighborshewasdiggingapitinhishousetoinstallarefrigerator;policehavenowrecovered81bodiesfromunderthefloorand74fromafieldnearby.PoliceareunsurewhetherKataribabodiedinthechurchfire.

Still,thereisthequestion:Howcouldsomanykillingshavebeencarriedoutwithoutdrawingattention?VillagerswereawareofKibwetere’ssect,whosefollowerscommunicatedmainlythroughsignlanguageandapparentlywereapprehensiveaboutviolatinganyofthecult’scommandments.Thereweresuspicions.UgandanpresidentYoweriMsevenitoldtheBBCthatintelligencereportsaboutthedangerousnatureofthegrouphadbeensuppressedbysomegovernmentofficials.OnThursday,policearrestedanassistantdistrictcommissioner,theRev.AmootiMutazindwa,forallegedlyholdingbackareportsuggestingthecultposedasecuritythreat.

Now,therearecallsforAfricangovernmentstomonitorcultsmoreclosely.SaysGilbertOgutu,aprofessorofreligiousstudiesattheUniversityofNairobi:“Whencultleaderslosesupport,theybecomedangerous.”1.WhydidsomayUgandansdieinfaith?A.Manyofthemwerekilledforaskingforthereturnoftheirpossessions.B.Theyfoundthecult’sleadershadcheatedthem.C.Theylostfaithincults.D.Theyarewillingtodie.2.Themainreasonofpeople’sjoiningthecultsis______.A.poverty.B.insecurity.C.AIDS.D.fatalism.3.WhatdoesMarySnaideAkatsaprophesy?A.Sheprophesiestheworldwillbeflooded.B.Sheprophesiestheworldwillbeinfire.C.Sheprophesiesabouttheendoftheworld.D.Sheprophesieshefollowersshoulddieinfaith.4.WhydosomeAfricansrejectChristianChurches?A.TheyfeelChristianityisdull.TheyrejectChristianChurchesasWesternornon-African.C.Theyaresusceptible.D.Theyaredangerouspersons.5.Howcouldsomanykillinghavebeencarriedoutwithoutdrawingattention?A.Thecultactedsecretly.B.Thegovernmentofficialsdidnotseethroughitsdangerousnature.C.Therewerenopreventivemeasures.D.Peoplewerefrightened.Vocabulary

產(chǎn)生，引起，招致

祭禮，狂烈的崇拜（者），迷信，邪教

院子，場(chǎng)地

扼死，悶死

殘殺，大屠殺，成堆的尸體

教理問答

預(yù)言者，先知therun

在逃

擴(kuò)散，繁殖

本土的，土生土張的

（基督教）啟事（錄）《圣經(jīng)新約》susceptible

易受人影響

蹂躪，劫掠

宿命論

預(yù)警

（東正教）圣像

世界末日

耶路撒冷，喻：天堂

肯尼亞

內(nèi)羅畢，肯尼亞首都

嬤嬤＝mother

懺悔

錫克教（信徒）

免去……圣職的。這里指：免去圣職的牧師

宗教小組

提問難句譯注1.…theMovementfortherestorationoftheTenCommandmentsofGod…【結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析】Tencommandments十戒，是圣經(jīng)中上帝再西奈山上給予摩西（猶太人的古代領(lǐng)袖）十大行為的神圣準(zhǔn)則：a)

havenoothergod.b)

Donotmakeorwarshipidols.c)

Donottakethewordofthelordinvain.d)

KeeptheSabbathholy.e)

Honorone’sfatherandmother.f)

Donotkill.g)

Donotcommitadultery.h)

Donotsteal.i)

Donotgivefalseevidence.j)

Donotcovetanother’spropertyorwife.這十戒為猶太教、基督教的教條。【參考譯文】這是烏干達(dá)回復(fù)上帝十戒運(yùn)動(dòng)頭目以上帝的名義在2000年屠殺了924名信徒。2.the1978JonestownmasssuicideandkillingsbyfollowersofAmericancultleaderJimJonesthatclaimed913lives.這是指美國(guó)的一個(gè)邪教組織――人民圣殿教。1978年11月19日教徒在教主JimJones的蒙騙或脅迫下在圭亞那集體自殺或扼殺（或強(qiáng)制和下Kool-Aid）或遭襲擊而死。人數(shù)高達(dá)913。此后Jones一詞意為殘忍的人。殺人的地點(diǎn)就成為Jonestown。3.theyaresusceptibletoanyonewhoisabletotapintotheirinsecurity.【參考譯文】他們易受任何人的影響，這些人能利用他們不安的情緒。4.drewonfeaturesofRomanCatholicism.【參考譯文】利用羅馬天主教義等特點(diǎn)。寫作方法與文章大意

文章以因果寫作方法，先提出各種邪教殘害的人數(shù)，然后一一點(diǎn)出邪教興起的原因：人民貧窮、艾滋病之猖獗，為宿命論提供了溫床。加上邪教頭目種種欺騙手段：如世界末日來臨利用一些正教教義或以基督、圣母瑪利亞的身份出現(xiàn)控制、麻木信徒，一旦欺騙手段暴露信徒就慘遭殺害。答案詳解1.

A許多人由于要?dú)w還他們的財(cái)產(chǎn)而遭到殺害。答案見第二段倒數(shù)第二句，這一對(duì)邪教領(lǐng)袖曾預(yù)言世界將于1999年12月31日借宿――世界末日來臨。結(jié)果并沒有發(fā)生，追隨者就要求歸還他們?cè)谌虢虝r(shí)獻(xiàn)上的一切，而遭到有計(jì)劃有步驟地殺害。B.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)邪教頭目欺騙他們。這只是起因之一，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)后不吭聲也許不會(huì)遭劫。C.他們對(duì)邪教失去了信任。D.他們?cè)敢馊ニ馈?.

A貧窮。主要原因就是窮。答案見第四段。許多專家認(rèn)為非洲之艱苦生活促使人民在邪教中尋找希望。這些邪教群體之興起就是因?yàn)樨毟F。人民沒有支柱、保障，很容易受影響。任何人都可利用他們不安的情緒。其次艾滋病在東非之猖獗，培育出宿命論觀點(diǎn)，從而幫助預(yù)示可怕事情即將來臨的思想扎根于心靈。B.不安全。C.艾滋病。D.宿命論。3.

C她預(yù)言世界末日。A.她預(yù)言世界將遭水淹。B.她預(yù)言世界將燒光。D.她預(yù)言她的追隨者將死于信仰。4.B他們把基督教會(huì)視為西方的或非非洲的而拒之門外。見第五段：有些非洲人在把基督教會(huì)視作西方的或非非洲的而拒之門外后皈依邪教。A.認(rèn)為基督教非常沉悶單調(diào)。C.他們易受影響。D.他們是一伙危險(xiǎn)人物。5.

A邪教行動(dòng)神秘。例：第一段中描述的好幾百烏干達(dá)邪教組織成員死于初看好像是自殺性的火焰之中（自焚），在一個(gè)場(chǎng)院誘發(fā)現(xiàn)了153具尸體，在搜查邪教頭目的房子中又發(fā)現(xiàn)了156具尸體，許多埋于房子的混凝土地板下面，還有好幾十具從邪教成員家中挖出，其中有些人被毒死。其他，特別是孩子都是扼殺（窒息而死）。共計(jì)924人，至少有530人燒死在封閉的教堂里。倒數(shù)第三段，烏干達(dá)世界末日邪教一個(gè)頭目――免去圣職的牧師，據(jù)說80年代中他研究神學(xué)，他告訴鄰居他在家挖一個(gè)地窖放冰箱?，F(xiàn)在警察發(fā)現(xiàn)地板下81具尸體，附近一場(chǎng)地74具尸體。上述兩例都是神秘殺害，至于要?dú)w還財(cái)產(chǎn)之人更遭神秘殺害了。B.政府官員沒有看出邪教的危險(xiǎn)性（原因之一）。C.沒有防范措施。D.人民害怕。PassageTwenty--Six(EqualityofopportunityinthetwentiethCenturyHasNotDestroyedtheClassSystem)

Thesedayswehearalotofnonsenseaboutthe‘greatclasslesssociety’.Theideathatthetwentiethcenturyistheageofthecommonmanhasbecomeoneofthegreatclichésofourtime.Thesameoldargumentsareputforwardinevidence.Herearesomeofthem:monarchyasasystemofgovernmenthasbeencompletelydiscredited.Themonarchiesthatsurvivehavebeendeprivedofallpoliticalpower.Inheritedwealthhasbeensavagelyreducedbytaxationand,intime,thegreatfortuneswilldisappearaltogether.Inanumberofcountriesthevictoryhasbeencomplete.Thepeoplerule;thegreatmillenniumhasbecomeapoliticalreality.Buthasit?Closeexaminationdoesn’tbearouttheclaim.

Itisafallacytosupposethatallmenareequalandthatsocietywillbeleveledoutifyouprovideeverybodywiththesameeducationalopportunities.(Itisdebatablewhetheryoucaneverprovideeveryonewiththesameeducationalopportunities,butthatisanotherquestion.)Thefactisthatnaturedispensesbrainsandabilitywithatotaldisregardfortheprincipleofequality.Theoldrulesofthejungle,‘survivalofthefittest’,and‘mightisright’arestillwithus.Thespreadofeducationhasdestroyedtheoldclasssystemandcreatedanewone.Rewardsarebasedonmerit.For‘a(chǎn)ristocracy’read‘meritocracy’;inotherrespects,societyremainsunaltered:theclasssystemisrigidlymaintained.

Genuineability,animalcunning,skill,theknackofseizingopportunities,allbringmaterialrewards.Andwhatisthefirstthingpeopledowhentheybecomerich?Theyusetheirwealthtosecurethebestpossibleopportunitiesfortheirchildren,togivethem‘a(chǎn)goodstartinlife’.Forallthelipservicewepaytotheideaofequality,wedonotconsiderthiswronginthewesternworld.Privateschoolswhichofferunfairadvantagesoverstateschoolsarenotbannedbecauseoneoftheprinciplesinademocracyisthatpeopleshouldbefreetochoosehowtheywilleducatetheirchildren.Inthisway,thenewmeritocracycanperpetuateitselftoacertainextent:anablechildfromawealthyhomecansucceedfarmorerapidlythanhispoorercounterpart.Wealthisalsousedindiscriminatelytofurtherpoliticalends.Itwouldbealmostimpossibletobecometheleaderofademocracywithoutmassivefinancialbacking.Moneyisaspowerfulaweaponaseveritwas.

Insocietieswhollydedicatedtotheprincipleofsocialequality,privilegedprivateeducationisforbidden.Butevenherepeoplearerewardedaccordingtotheirabilities.Infact,sogreatistheneedforskilledworkersthattheleastablemaybeneglected.Brightchildrenarecarefullyandexpensivelytrainedtobecomefuturerulers.Intheend,allpoliticalideologiesboildowntothesamething:classdivisionspersistwhetheryouareruledbyafeudalkingoraneducatedpeasant.1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Equalityofopportunityinthetwentiethcenturyhasnotdestroyedtheclasssystem.B.Equalitymeansmoney.C.Thereisnosuchsocietyasclasslesssociety.D.Naturecan’tgiveyouaclasslesssociety.2.Accordingtotheauthor,thesameeducationalopportunitiescan’tgetridofinequalitybecause_______.A.theprinciple‘survivalofthefittest’exists.B.Natureignoresequalityindispensingbrainsandability.C.Materialrewardsareforgenuineability.D.Peoplehavethefreedomhowtoeducatetheirchildren.3.Whocanobtainmorerapidsuccess_______.A.thosewithwealth.B.Thosewiththebestbrains.C.Thosewiththebestopportunities.D.Thosewhohavetheabilitytocatchatopportunities.4.Whydoestheauthorsaythenewmeritocracycanperpetuateitselftoacertainextent?Because_______.A.moneydecideseverything.B.Privateschoolsofferadvantagesoverstateschools.C.Peoplearefreetochoosethewayofeducatingtheirchildren.D.Wealthisusedforpoliticalends.5.Accordingtotheauthor,‘classdivisions’refersto_______.A.therichandthepoor.B.Differentopportunitiesforpeople.C.Oppressorandtheoppressed.D.Geniusandstupidity.Vocabulary

損害，破壞，敗壞（某人的名聲），不可信

國(guó)王，女皇，君主政體

千年

themillennium

千僖年out

證實(shí)out

（升跌之后）呈平穩(wěn)狀態(tài)

英才管理，英才教育，能人統(tǒng)治

技巧，訣竅

使永久，永存或持續(xù)

不加鑒別的，不加分析的，任意的down

歸結(jié)為……難句譯注Closeexaminationdoesn’tbearouttheclaim.【參考譯文】深入探索證實(shí)此斷言不確。（也就是說太平盛世并沒有成為政治現(xiàn)實(shí)）。2.mightisright諺語(yǔ)：強(qiáng)權(quán)即公理。3.Forallthelipservicewepaytotheideaofequality,wedonotconsiderthiswronginthewesternworld.【結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析】lip-service口惠而實(shí)不至。EX:Hepayslip-servicetofeminismbuthiswifestilldoesallthehousework.他口口聲聲說支持女權(quán)主義，但全部家務(wù)仍是他妻子的事?！緟⒖甲g文】我們口口聲聲贊揚(yáng)平等思想，我們?cè)谖鞣绞澜缰胁⒉徽J(rèn)為這一思想事錯(cuò)誤的。4.Intheend,allpoliticalideologiesboildowntothesamething:classdivisionspersistwhetheryouareruledbyafeudalkingoraneducatedperson.【參考譯文】最終，一切政治意識(shí)，都?xì)w結(jié)為一件事：不論你是由封建國(guó)王統(tǒng)治還是英才統(tǒng)治，階級(jí)區(qū)分依然存在。寫作方法與文章大意

這是一篇對(duì)“無階級(jí)社會(huì)和人人平等”論點(diǎn)的駁斥文章。作者從四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行論述。1、天賦的才能和智慧與平等原則無關(guān)。2、“適者生存，強(qiáng)權(quán)即公理”依然存在。3、人獲得的報(bào)酬是取決于人的才能而不是平等。4、金錢的作用，它不僅可以培育有能力的人，還是政治的后盾。只有金錢加能力是