學(xué)術(shù)英語 醫(yī)學(xué) Unit

學(xué)術(shù)英語醫(yī)學(xué)AcademicEnglishforMedicine第一頁，共64頁。Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesDespitetheprogressinmedicine,manydiseasesarestilluntreatableandincurable.Ithasbeengenerallyagreedthatpreventionismorecost-effectivethanthetreatmentofdiseases.Herecomesomefundamentalquestions:Whichplayamoreimportantroleincausinghumandiseases,genesorenvironmentalfactors?Whydopeoplewithgoodinterpersonalrelationshipslivehealthierandlonger?Whatarethemajorstepsindevelopinganewdrug?Inthisunit,wewillprobablyfindtheanswerstothesequestions.第二頁，共64頁。ListeningNote-takingFormsSuggestedanswersUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第三頁，共64頁。Listening

Note-takingFormsadvantages&disadvantagescause&effectclassification&definitioncomparison&contrastfacts&figuressequenceofeventsstagesofaprocessquestion&answertwo-columntablesspidergramtreediagram/spidergramtabletabletimelineflowchartheadings¬esUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四頁，共64頁。Listening

SuggestedanswersTask140,00056,300Measurestaken13-648222AfricanAmericansTakeCharge,TaketheTestgainedbisexualmendevelopmentofacomprehensiveHIVpreventionplanfortheunitedstatesUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五頁，共64頁。Listening

SuggestedanswersTask2expandaccesstoHIVincidencesurveillancesystemTargetingprecisioncompellingreasonsspecificinformationUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第六頁，共64頁。Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesUnitContentsLead-inTextATextBTextCListeningSpeakingWritingGet

readingforUnit9第七頁，共64頁。Lead-inIssuestobecoveredThecommonandspecialmeansoftreatmentandpreventionofdiseasesThedifferentrolesofgenesandenvironmentincausingdiseasesTherelationshipbetweeninterpersonalrelationshipandhealthThemajorstepsindesigninganddevelopingnewdrugsUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第八頁，共64頁。Lead-inTask:Workinpairsanddiscussthecausesandtreatmentsyouknowofthefollowingconditions.DiseaseCausesTreatmentsFluMyopiaHepatitisUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第九頁，共64頁。Lead-inTask:Workinpairsanddiscussthecausesandtreatmentsyouknowofthefollowingconditions.DiseaseCausesTreatmentsFluvirusesrest,clearfluids,cooldampwashclothtoreducefever,warmblankettocalmchills,coughmedicine,antiviralmedications,usuallynoneedofantibioticsMyopiaprolongedclosework,excessivereadingcorrectivelenses,refractorysurgeryHepatitisviral(HBV,HCV,etc.),bacterial,parasitic,fungalinfectionsalcohol,autoimmune,inheritedantiviralmedicationsUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第十頁，共64頁。TextACriticalreadingandthinking–Topicsforpresentation–Knowledgeofthesubjectmatter–UsefulexpressionsSuggestedanswersUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第十一頁，共64頁。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation1.HowwasTerry’slifebeforeshewasdiagnosedwithMS？Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第十二頁，共64頁。lovedpracticingTaeKwonDoattendedmedicalschool,practicedasaninternalmedicineresidency,becameanacademicgeneralinternistmarriedandgotasonandadaughter第十三頁，共64頁。multiplesclerosis:aseriousdiseaseofthenervoussystem,whichgraduallymakesapersonweaker,andsometimesaffectstheirsightorspeech.TheabbreviationMSisalsoused.多發(fā)性硬化癥第十四頁，共64頁。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation2.WhatcausesMS?Howdoestheauthordescribethedevelopmentofhisillness?Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第十五頁，共64頁。boutIfyouhaveaboutofanillnessorofanunpleasantfeeling,youhaveitforashortperiod.〔疾病或不愉快情緒的〕發(fā)作Hewasrecoveringfromasevereboutofflu.我感到一陣緊張。Iwassufferingfromaboutofnerves.第十六頁，共64頁。relapse這種治療方法通常針對術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高的女性。

Thetreatmentisusuallygiventowomenwithahighriskofrelapseaftersurgery.Ifasickpersonrelapses,theirhealthsuddenlygetsworseafterithadbeenimproving.舊病復(fù)發(fā);再次發(fā)病In90percentofcasesthepatientwillrelapsewithinsixmonths.90%的病人在6個(gè)月內(nèi)會再次發(fā)病。第十七頁，共64頁。CrossroadsAcrossroadsisaplacewheretworoadsmeetandcrosseachother.十字路口Turnrightatthefirstcrossroads.在第一個(gè)十字路口向右轉(zhuǎn)。Ifyousaythatsomethingisatacrossroads,youmeanthatithasreachedaveryimportantstageinitsdevelopmentwhereitcouldgoonewayoranother.(開展的)關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻，緊要關(guān)頭該公司顯然處于開展的關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻。Thecompanywasclearlyatacrossroads.第十八頁，共64頁。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation3.WhatdidTerrydobeforeheself-experimented?

(7-8para.)BeganhisownstudyoftheliteratureReadingarticlesaboutnewMSdrugsinanimalmodels

Readingarticlesabout

neurodegenerationofall

types—dementia,Parkinson’sdisease,Huntington’s,andLouGehrig’sdiseaseUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第十九頁，共64頁。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingUsefulexpressionsIhadonlytwooptions:accommodationandacceptanceofdeepeningdisabilitydespiteoptimaltreatment,orincreasedinvolvementinmyownhealthcare.(P55)Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第二十頁，共64頁。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingUsefulexpressionsIbeganmyownstudyoftheliterature,readingarticleafterarticleonPubMed,knowingthattheseedsfortoday’sclinicalcarewerelaidyears,sometimesdecadesearlierinthebasicscienceliterature.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第二十一頁，共64頁。AMagicBulletInmedicine,amagicbulletisadrugortreatmentthatcancureadiseasequicklyandcompletely.靈丹妙藥Amagicbulletisaneasysolutiontoadifficultproblem.妙招許多人都在尋找可以解決這個(gè)問題的良方。Alotofpeoplearelookingforsomesortofmagicbulletthatwillsolvethisproblem.第二十二頁，共64頁。Chorea:舞蹈癥第二十三頁，共64頁。Amyotrophic:

肌萎縮的Atrophy:

萎縮Amyotrophiclateralsclerosis(ALS)isachronicprogressiveneurodegenerativediseasebytheselectivedeathofmotorneurons.第二十四頁，共64頁。ImmerseHeimmersedhisfeetinwater.他把腳浸在水里。immerseoneselfin專心從事于；埋頭

Shewasimmersedinherwork.她埋頭工作。第二十五頁，共64頁。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation4.HowdidTerrycarryouthisself-experimentation?

Whatweretheeffectsrespectively?

A.TakingvariousnutrientsB.Self-experimentationwithneuromuscularelectricalstimulationC.IntensivenutritionD.lookingmoredeeplyatthe

environmentalfactorsassociatedwithpoorlyexplainedneurologicalandpsychologicalsymptoms:Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第二十六頁，共64頁?！璼oItranslatedmouse-sizeddosestohumanones…However,althoughmydeclinehadslowed,Iwasstilldeclining.FDA:FoodandDrugAdministration美國食品藥品管理局第二十七頁，共64頁。

Protocol:1.議定書;協(xié)議;KyotoProtocol京都議訂書2.草案科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告〔或方案〕Studyprotocol研究方案第二十八頁，共64頁。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingHetoldmethate-stim(ashecalledit)wasnotanapprovedtreatmentforMS...(P57)…therewasnoguaranteethatmybraincouldtalktothesenewmuscles.Mytherapistimplementedaprogramofe-stimcoupledwithdailyexercise.

Asgoodasthearticlewas,itdidnotlistallofthebuildingblocksneededforoptimalbrainhealth.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第二十九頁，共64頁。Coupledwith:Overuseofthosedrugs,coupledwithpoordiet,leadstophysicaldegeneration.過量使用那些藥物再加上飲食缺乏營養(yǎng)，導(dǎo)致安康狀況惡化。賭博總是與犯罪相聯(lián)絡(luò).Gamblingisalwayscoupledwithcrimes.第三十頁，共64頁。dailyregimen:日劑量假如進(jìn)一步的工作證實(shí)了我們所看到的，我們可以為中風(fēng)高危病人從理論上推薦日劑量的銀杏(ginkgo)，作為防治腦損傷的方法。Iffurtherworkconfirmswhatwe‘veseen,wecouldtheoreticallyrecommendadailyregimenofginkgotopeopleathighriskofstrokeasapreventivemeasureagainstbraindamage.第三十一頁，共64頁。buildingblock:積木，構(gòu)件；建筑砌塊；根底材料WorkgroupisthebasicbuildingblockofJapaneseorganizations.工作小組是日本組織的根本構(gòu)造單元.第三十二頁，共64頁。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingKnowledgeofthesubjectmatterThemedicalliteraturedidn’thavethatinformation,nor

didtheregistereddieticianswithwhomIconsulted,nordidIseeitinthefoodscienceliterature.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第三十三頁，共64頁。Mouthful:一口；滿口；Savourtheflavourofeachmouthful,andchewyourfoodwell.細(xì)細(xì)品味每一口的味道，充分咀嚼。Shetookamouthfulofwater.她喝了一大口水。Handful:少量；一把〔的量〕Ahandfulof:第三十四頁，共64頁。Intervention:干預(yù)；介入治療；調(diào)停Medicalintervention:醫(yī)療介入；醫(yī)學(xué)干預(yù)；藥物干預(yù)；醫(yī)療干預(yù)Adoctormayadvisemedicalinterventioninadditiontochangesinbehaviorasawaytoloseweight.醫(yī)生有可能建議通過藥物干預(yù)和行為改變來減肥.第三十五頁，共64頁。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation5.Whatarethemostcommonoffendersinfoodallergies?

Whatarethecommonmanifestationsoftoxicload?Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第三十六頁，共64頁。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation6.Howhastheself-experimentationchangedtheauthor?Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesRecoveryofhisbodyChanginghowhepracticemedicine第三十七頁，共64頁。PromisingSomeoneorsomethingthatispromisingseemslikelytobeverygoodorsuccessful.很有前途的；前景很好的Sheisamongthemostpromisingplayersinheragegroup.她是所在年齡組中最有前途的選手之一。第三十八頁，共64頁。TextA

CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentation7.Whatdoesthetitlemean?Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseasesItistimewestopblamingourgenesandfocusonthe70%undertheindividual’scontrol.Thatistherealsolutiontothehealthcarecrisis.第三十九頁，共64頁。TextASuggestedanswersTask1OverviewCriticalreadingandthinking1.D2.literature,nutrients,stimulation,micronutrients,environmentalUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十頁，共64頁。TextATask1/Medicalterminology

EnglishChineseDefinition1treatmentofdiseasethroughtheuseofdrugs2thequalityofexistinginseveraldifferentforms3oforrelatingtoanimmuneresponsebythebodyagainstoneofitsowntissues,cells,ormolecules4epinephrine,ahormonesecretedbytheadrenalmedulla5apolymeroftwoormoredifferentmonomerspharmacotherapy藥物療法多態(tài)性polymorphism自體免疫的autoimmunecopolymer共聚物adrenaline腎上腺素SuggestedanswersLanguagebuilding-up2Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十一頁，共64頁。TextAEnglishChineseDefinition6asubstancethatimprovesthechemicalactivityofanenzyme7asubstancethatdestroysweeds8aspecialistininternalmedicine9anyofvariousdiseasescharacterizedbythickeningorhardening10theactorprocessoftesting,trying,orputtingtotheproofsclerosis硬化〔癥〕coenzyme輔酶herbicide除草劑internist內(nèi)科醫(yī)生trial試驗(yàn)Task1/MedicalterminologySuggestedanswers2Languagebuilding-upUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十二頁，共64頁。TextATask2/SignpostlanguageSequenceLanguagebuilding-upSuggestedanswersnextThen,UltimatelyAtfirst,EventuallyNowUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十三頁，共64頁。TextATask2/SignpostlanguageThefollowingsentencesaretakenfromTextA.Fillintheblankswiththesignpostlanguageandthencompareyouranswerswiththeoriginalsentencesinthetext.Languagebuilding-upSuggestedanswersUltimately1Joggingleftmefirst.________,standingforanytimebecamedifficult._______,despitemyuseofthemostcurrentpharmacotherapies,walkingandevensittingwastiring,soIneededatilt-reclinewheelchair.(Para.5)

?2_______,IlookedforrecentarticlestestingnewMSdrugsinanimalmodels._______,realizingIcouldnotaccessthosedrugsunlessIwasinaclinicaltrial,Iturnedtoarticlesconcerningneurodegenerationofalltypes—dementia,Parkinson’sdisease,Huntington’s,andLouGehrig’sdisease.(Para.8) ThenAtfirstEventuallyUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十四頁，共64頁。TextATask2/SignpostlanguageThefollowingsentencesaretakenfromTextA.Fillintheblankswiththesignpostlanguageandthencompareyouranswerswiththeoriginalsentencesinthetext.Languagebuilding-upSuggestedanswersNow3DeterminedtooptimizeeverythingIcouldtohelpmybrainheal,I_______lookedmoredeeplyattheenvironmentalfactorsassociatedwithpoorlyexplainedneurologicalandpsychologicalsymptoms.(Para.15)?4_______Ifocusonteachingmypatientshowtooptimizetheirnutrition,reducetheirtoxicload,andreducetheirriskoffoodallergies.(Para.19) nextUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十五頁，共64頁。TextATask3/FormalEnglishParaphrasethefollowingsentencesfromTextAwithalessformalstyle.Languagebuilding-upSuggestedanswersManythingshavehappenedsincethen.Iwenttoamedicalschool,completedaninternalmedicineresidency,andbecameamotherofasonandadaughter.

2.WhenImanifestedsymptomsofthefootdrop,Iwasdiagnosedwithmultiplesclerosis.

3.Heneverthelessallowedmeatestsession.Itdidhurtseverelyashepreviouslytoldme.

4.Iamagainexperimentingthreeyearsaftermyhealing.TheonlydifferenceisthatthistimeitisanIRB-approvedprotocolinsteadofself-experimentation.

Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十六頁，共64頁。TextCSuggestedanswersUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十七頁，共64頁。TextC

Task:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChineseSuggestedanswers通常在第二階段期間或即將完畢時(shí)，需要決定是否開場耗資宏大且消耗大量資源的第二階段b期和關(guān)鍵性的第三階段臨床試驗(yàn)，這是藥物研發(fā)的第三個(gè)里程碑。在這個(gè)階段，顯然不僅要進(jìn)展全面的醫(yī)學(xué)/科學(xué)分析，包括對該化合物性能的預(yù)判，還要進(jìn)展全面的財(cái)務(wù)分析，這些工作是第三個(gè)里程碑的一部分。Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十八頁，共64頁。SpeakingMakinganArgumentTaskandadditionalactivityUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第四十九頁，共64頁。Speaking

Makinganargument

1)thesisstatementorclaim2)evidencethatsupportstheclaim.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十頁，共64頁。Speaking

MakinganargumentExpressyouropinionItwouldseemtomethat…AsfarasI’mabletojudge,…Mybelief/interpretationis…FromwhatIunderstand,…AsIunderstandit,…Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十一頁，共64頁。Speaking

MakinganargumentProvideevidenceAsevidencedin…Agoodcaseinpointis…

Considerthecaseof..,Anexamplecanbeseen…Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十二頁，共64頁。Speaking

TaskWorkinpairstodebatewitheachotheronthefollowingtopicsbypracticingtheexpressionslistedabove.Shouldpatients’self-experimentationforacurebeencouraged?Shouldthetimerequiredforthedevelopmentofanewdrugbeshortened?Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十三頁，共64頁。Speaking

AdditionalactivityAsanemergingbranchofscience,SocialNeuroscienceisunfamiliarandmysterioustomanypeople.Formgroupsof4-5tofindrelevantinformationaboutitandgetreadyforapresentationinclass.Thefollowingpromptsmaybehelpfultoyou:thedefinitionofSocialNeurosciencethemechanismthroughwhichbrain-to-brainlinkworkstheapplicationofsocialneurosciencetotreatmentofdiseasestheprospectsofSocialNeuroscienceUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十四頁，共64頁。WritingWritinganintroductionTaskUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十五頁，共64頁。Writing

ResearchPaperProject

CoverageoftheIntroductiontheliteraturereview;thedefinitionoftheproblem;thepurposeofthepresentstudy;thechoiceofmethods;thestatementofprincipalresultsandconclusionsWritinganintroductionUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十六頁，共64頁。Writing

ResearchPaperProject

GeneralguidelinesNottobetoolongNottocontaintoomuchhistoryandtoomanyreferencesGiveapunchAvoidwritingaverboseIntroductionthatwillmakereviewersmoan:“Whocare?〞——DanielW.Byme,1998,p103WritinganintroductionUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十七頁，共64頁。Writing

SuggestedanswersTask1YesYesYesYesYesNoNoUnit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十八頁，共64頁。Writing

SuggestedanswersTask2SimplepresentandpresentperfectBothherpessimplexvirustype1(HSV-1)andtype2(HSV-2)cancauseprimaryinfectionofthegenitaltract,andHSV-1infectionhasbecomeanincreasinglyfrequentcauseofgenitaldisease.Unit3PreventionandTreatmentofDiseases第五十九頁，共64頁。Writing

SuggestedanswersTask22