完形填空的備考策略

高考英語完形填空備考策略莊河市第二高級中學任曉青莊河二高中學情：

1、學苗經(jīng)過兩輪篩選2、大都來自偏遠農(nóng)村

英語基礎差，90%都不會音標

3、英語學習沒有方法

4、對英語完全不感興趣針對我校學情我們采取的對策：

1、降低起點，從音標學起，從句法講起

2、高效課堂，向45分鐘要質量，當堂講的東西當堂弄會，帶領學生不欠債3、單詞詞組好句背誦逐個過關（1）教師親自檢查，逐個過關（2）組長檢查，生生監(jiān)督，教師抽查，連坐懲罰，株連九族4、作業(yè)全批全改，統(tǒng)計正答率，實名制記錄做對學生名單，培養(yǎng)講題小老師。5、多限時訓練，現(xiàn)做現(xiàn)講，少留課后自己做

在高考英語備考中，我們更是工作抓在實處抓在基礎，不空泛不空談：1、工作做到骨髓里，堅持不做無用功，有學必有得2、挖掘學生潛力，調動學生學習興趣，變被動學習為主動學習，知學、樂學3、不講空洞的大道理而要具體可行的量身制作的實用方案高考完形備考策略

命題原理及特點完形填空命題原理是格式塔心理學。該原理強調整體性和綜合性而不是個別和孤立，所以對文章要整體感知和從語義上的整體把握，這樣做好完形填空不僅僅要求考生有扎實的英語基礎語法和詞匯知識，還要求考生具備較高的綜合理解能力和語言運用能力，即具備良好的把握文章情節(jié)發(fā)展脈絡、邏輯關系線索以及主體思想的能力。二、學生失分的原因分析1、對文意分析不夠，憑主觀想象選擇答案。

Amoreembarrassingsituationoccurswhenastudentstartsfallingintosleepandthe___30___of

theheadpushesthearmoffthe___31___,andthemovementcarriesthe__32___ofthebodyalong.Thestudentwakesuponthefloorwithno___33___ofgettingthere..（2011大綱全國卷）

.A.memoryB.reasonC.questionD.purpose2、審題不仔細，忽略信息提示。Hewaswearingafalsebeardandhadacaveman’saxe(斧子)inonehand,andaspacegunintheother.Itwas,ofcourse,Tony,whoinformedme54thathewasthefirst55toflyintospace....2011年遼寧卷A.policeman

B.spaceman

C.caveman

D.postmanInonehand→acaveman’saxe→cavemanIntheotherhand→aspacegun→flyintospace

3、未能理解上下文之間的邏輯關系，意群歸不清。

Isawhesuddenlybecame

44;hehaddiscoveredsomethinghereallyliked：alargetindrum.Iwasquitehappytoo—

45

IthoughtwhatTony’smotherwouldsaywhenshesawit.Nobodywouldgetany46forweeks!IledTonyaway47,sayingthatthedrumwastooexpensive.（2011年遼寧卷）44.A.surprisedB.hopefulC.patientD.excited45.A.after

B.until

C.unless

D.since三、完形填空的有效備考策略1、為學生準備完形填空的智慧背囊。

法器一：常見動詞詞組通過例句領悟語義,再匯總。

小組分工合作讓學生收集例句編例句，整理，共同匯總，再引導學生進行橫向縱向比對，最后強化訓練：

inbringoncut

takeoffcallinuptakedowngetovertake

法器二：常見同義詞近義詞集中記憶如：1看：look,watch,observe,notice,stare

2.答：answer,respond,reply

3.拿、放：take,bring,hold,carry,fetch,lift,put,lay,pull,push...4、“找/查”

find，lookfor，findout，discover/explore，hunt，search，seek5、說：Say,speak,whisper,talk,chat,tell,persuade,explain,warn,inform,remind,claim,discuss,debate,declare,mentionadmitdeny,describe,announce,introduce,complain

法器三：常見的一詞多義或熟詞生義的詞匯歸納訓練

如：add(v.補充說),address(v.寫…地址；演說，演講）,admit(v.允許進入）,apply(v.應用）,catch（v.領會）,count(v.把…算入；認為…重要）,cover（v.夠支付；走…路；讀…頁書；涉及；報道）,express（adj.高速的，快速的）,fine（v./n.罰款）,fire（v.開除）,follow（v.聽從，仿效）,hold（v.容納；舉辦；支撐…重量；控制，抑制；擔任，任職；持有…觀點）,interest(n.利益，利息，股份）,lift（n.搭便車）,operate（v.操作，經(jīng)營）,practice（n.慣例，習俗）,reach（v.夠得著）,settle（v.解決）,stand(v.忍受，容忍）,study（n.書房）,treasure（v.珍愛，珍視）,value（v.重視，珍視）等等

法器四：考查高頻的名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞匯總如：高頻名詞：advantage,anxiety,agreement,attitude,argument,approach,activity.belief,burden,comfort,concern,courageconclusion,confidence,contribution,chance,courage,challenge,difficulty,determination,energy,experience,excitement,fortune,goal,gift,honor,introduction,idea,interest,impression,importance,kindness,knowledge,lesson,problem,poverty,power,program,promise,principle,patience,progress,question,responsibility,relief,regret,routine,reward,satisfaction,sorrow,similarity,standard,strength,talent,thought,trouble,view,wisdom法器五：近幾年高考完形填空中的選項詞匯分類總結

如：形容詞副詞高頻答案詞：

fortunately/luckily/unfortunately；quickly/immediately/instantlyeventually/finally/atlast；difficult/hard；suddenly，immediately,gradually,anxiously,eagerly,successfully,friendly,independent,practical,excellent,wonderful,confident,however,never，even，still,only,also等等常見完形填空幾種解題方法：

（1）、語境信息解題法（2）、語法結構解題法（3）、復現(xiàn)解題法（4）、固定搭配解題法（5）、邏輯語氣解題法（6）、利用文化背景和生活常識解題法2、注重完形填空的講題策略，從邏輯思維上引導學生的解題思路，培養(yǎng)學生的篇章理解能力

完形填空的講題策略：（1）、類比講解法：顧名思義，類比講解法就是把完形填空篇章中類似的東西加以比較來講解完形填空題。

John'sparentsgotthewasherwhenhewasateenager.Hisfamilyneverownedawashingmachine.Sincegasolinewasexpensive,tripstothelaundryseveralmilesawaywerefar

1

theirpowertoafford.Keepingclothesclean

2

mostofyoungJohn'ssparetime.

Afamilyfriendjoinedthearmyandhiswife

3

togowithhim.John'sfamily

4

tostoretheirfurniturewhiletheywereaway.

5

,thefriendsuggestedtheyusetheirBendixandthiswashowthey

6

thewasher.

A．beyond

B．over

C．within

D．below2.A．took

B．cost

C．occupied

D．spentA．prepared

B．managed

C．desired

D．a(chǎn)ppealed4.A．promised

B．expected

C．decided

D．offeredA．Inturn

B．Inreturn

C．InadditionD．InplaceA．used

B．a(chǎn)cquired

C．bought

D．borrowedacquired

Themachinewaseventually

7

toJohn'shouse,and-acrosstheyearswithit,he

8

____

a

lovefortheold,greenBendix.Butfinallythewarended.WhenthefamilytooktheBendixback,Johngrewterribly

9

.Hismother

10

him,saying,"Youmustremember,themachineneverbelongedtous

11

.Thatweevergottouseitatallwasagift.So,insteadofbeingmadatitbeingtaken

12

,let'susethe

13

tobegratefulthatwehaditatall."

Thelessonturnedout

14

.Yearslater,Johnwatchedhiseight-year-olddaughterdieaslowandpainfuldeathofleukemia

（白血?。?7. A．a(chǎn)ttachedB．burdenedC．conveyedD．loaded8. A．a(chǎn)chievedB．reducedC．developedD．produced9. A．confusedB．hopelessC．frightenedD．upset10. A．taught B．explained C．comforted D．encouraged11. A．a(chǎn)tthefirst B．inthefirstplaceC．firstofall D．forthefirsttime12. A．out B．a(chǎn)way C．up D．down13. A．chance B．treasure C．event D．successdevelopedupsetThelessonturnedout

14

.Yearslater,Johnwatchedhiseight-year-olddaughterdieaslowandpainfuldeathofleukemia

（白血?。?Though

15

,Johncouldn'tbegingettingoverfromthe

16

.ThenthememoryoftheoldBendixcameasagreat

17

.

Hisdaughterwasa

18

.Whenherealizedthatsimplefact,everythingchanged.Hecouldnowbeginrecoveringfromthedeathofhisdaughter.Hestartedtoseeherasamarvelousgiftthathewasfortunateenoughto

19

foratime.Hefelt

20

.Hefoundstrengthandrecovery.Heknewhecouldgetthroughthevalleyofloss.

14. A．reasonable B．necessary C．worthless D．valuable15. A．missing B．forgetting C．struggling D．thinking16. A．illnessB．difficulty C．lossD．lesson17. A．delivery B．relief C．hope D．profitA．giftB．WasherC．deathD．Loser19. A．shareB．spendC．liveD．earn20. A．EagerB．energeticC．grateful D．curiouslosssharegot/acquiredthewasher---developedalove—thefamilytookitback(beingtakenaway)upset-----begrateful-----begratefultohaveiteight-year-olddaughter-----love-------died—couldn’tgetoverfromthelossstruggling—feltgrateful/relief—befortunateenoughtoshareforatime（2）、教會學生“切入點”：

因為完形填空強調的是篇章的整體性，所以如果順序講解無法推出篇章情節(jié)，我們就可以從某一處有把握的空格進行突破和切入，然后再往前推斷往后承接，解出全篇，就像九連環(huán)一樣，解開其中一環(huán)，其他環(huán)扣便迎刃而解。讓我們以2013年福建卷為例：

A.sharedB.short C.fresh D.treasuredA.passedB.raised C.movedD.sent40.A.home B.duty C.reality D.relief41.A.built B.lived C.remained D.exploredIaminNovaScotiaonapilgrimage(朝圣)withLise,mygranddaughter,seekingrootsforher,retracing(追溯)38memoryforme.Lisewasoneofthemobilechildren,39fromhousetohouseinchildhood.Shelongsforasenseof40,andsowehavecometoNovaScotiawheremyhusbandandIwerebornandwhereourancestors41for200years.livedhomemovedtreasured（3）、意群劃分講解法：

這種方法適合不能明顯給我們分出段落來區(qū)分語意的文章，這時，我們要根據(jù)語意和標志性詞語進行意群劃分來講解，以便以意群主旨來框定解題思路，從而逐個意群擊破，最后解開全篇。以下面2011年大綱全國卷為例：

Therearetimeswhenpeoplearesotiredthattheyfallasleepalmostanywhere.Wecanseethereisalotofsleepingonthebusortrainonthe__21____homefromworkintheevenings.Amanwillbe__22____thenewspaper,andsecondslaterit__23___asifheistryingto___24__it.Orhewillfallasleepontheshoulderofthestranger___25__nexttohim.___26___placewhereunplannedshortsleep__27__isinthelecturehallwhereastudentwillstartsnoring（打鼾）so___28____thattheprofessorhastoaskanotherstudentto___29___thesleeperawake.Amoreembarrassing（尷尬）situationoccurswhenastudentstartsfallingintosleepandthe___30___oftheheadpushesthearmoffthe___31___,andthemovementcarriesthe__32___ofthebodyalong.Thestudentwakesuponthefloorwithno___33___ofgettingthere.Theworsttimetofallasleepiswhen__34___.Policereportsare…SleeponthebusortrainSleepinthelecturehallAmoreembarrassingsituationfallasleepwhendriving（4）、身臨其境入定法：

身臨其境入定法就是引導學生把自己當做是文章故事的主角，進入情景和文章所設定的境界后，讓自己的思維和想法跟著文章思路行進的一種體會性講解方法，因為完形填空多是敘事性文體，所以這種方法比較適合。

以2011年江蘇卷高考為例：這篇完形介紹了一個孩子在放學回家的路上看到了一個很大很誘人的蘋果而想得到它所描寫的一系列心理活動和行為活動。

Seeingtheapple—wantit---themorelookedatit—thehungrier

felt---stretching

ashighascould—evenastallestlength---unabletotouch--begintojump

upanddown---ashighascould---atthe

top

ofeachjumpstretchingarmstogettheapple---stillitremainedoutofreach.—notgivingup—findsthtostand

on—don’twanttobreakthethingsinschoolbag---lookingaround--tidy,nothingcouldusetostandonit-giveup-walkaway.2011年江蘇卷（5）、利用設空關系講解法：①、并列關系：(2014全國新課標I)Theworldisfullof_____stampalbumsandunfinishedmodels.A.well-organizedB.colorfully-printed C.newly-collectedD.half-filled

②、因果關系（2014天津卷）

Lookingatthelarge______apartment,IbecameawareofhowlonelymymothermusthavebeeninBrazilherself.A.ComfortableB.ExpensiveC.EmptyD.Modern

③、對比關系Ontheonehand,parentsgomadover3rooms,clothesthrownonthefloorandtheirchildren’srefusaltohelpwiththe4.On

theotherhand,teenagerslosetheirpatiencecontinuallywhenparentsblamethemfor5thetowelinthebathroom,notcleaninguptheirroomorrefusingtodotheshoppingatthesupermarket.

A.noisy B.crowded C.messy D.lockedA.homework B.houseworkC.problem D.research5.A.washingB.using C.dropping D.replacing（2014廣東卷）

④、遞進關系

Dalecametounderstandthattheabilitytoexpressanideatoanaudiencebuildsaperson’sconfidence.And,55it,Daleknewhecoulddoanythinghewantedtodo—andsocouldothers.（2014江蘇卷）

55.A.besides B.beyondC.like D.with⑤、增補關系

Hermotherfinallyallowedhertogo,__43___herkeepingclosetothehouseandnot__44__toofar.（2013遼寧卷）43.A.insistingon B.relyingonC.arguingonD.wonderingabout

44.A.traveling B.runningC.ridingD.walking

⑥、轉折關系：

Heshoutedforhelp,48hiswife,Brenda,wasasleepintheirbedroomattheoppositeendofthehouse.（2012