高考語法專題-過去分詞

PastParticiple(Revision)I.基本形式和意義動詞的-ed形式，即傳統(tǒng)語法所指的“過去分詞”。它是動詞的一種非限定形式。動詞的-ed形式兼有動詞、副詞和形容詞的特征，可以帶賓語或受狀語修飾。動詞的-ed形式和賓語或狀語一起構(gòu)成-ed分詞短語.動詞-ed形式的基本形式是“動詞+-ed”，但也有不規(guī)則的形式。Whathappenedtothepeopleinthepicture?Theyare

injured

intheearthquake.StepⅠusedasAttribute

Whatshouldwedowiththesepeople?Weshouldsendtheinjured

peopletohospitalassoonaspossible.Theyfounda

damaged

caratthegateofthepark.(2)Iboughtsome

painted

chairs.(3)Helivesinthehouse

builtbyhisfather.(4)Haveyoureadthisbook

writtenbyLuXun？1.單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語位于它所修飾的名詞或代詞前面；過去分詞短語作定語位于它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面。

(1)Heisoneof

those

invited.

(2)Nothing

reported

(inthenewspaper)interestedhim.

(3)Hewantedtointerview

someone

relatedto

thematter.2.過去分詞修飾something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody，those

等不定代詞時(shí)，要放在這些詞后面。abrokenheartalostdogarisensunanorganizedtripabrokenglass

一顆破碎的心

喪家之犬

已升起的太陽一次有組織的旅行

一個(gè)破玻璃杯

Practice:pleaseanalyzethefunctionsofthepastparticiples

在既定的時(shí)間內(nèi)用所給的單詞被通緝的人被聘工人關(guān)切的神情有關(guān)人士inthegiventimewiththewordsgivenawantedpersonworkerswantedaconcernedlookthepeopleconcerned{{{3.過去分詞或過去分詞短語作定語時(shí)，其功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。

(1)Welivedinahouse

builtbymyfather.(2)Thelecture

givenbyProfessorZhang

isabout

environmentalprotection.Welivedinahouse

thatwasbuiltbymyfather.Thelecture

whichwasgivenbyProfessorZhang

isaboutenvironmentalprotection.boilingwater=waterthatisboilingboiled

water=waterthathasboiled正在沸騰的水已經(jīng)沸騰過的水polluted

water

printed

articles

已經(jīng)被污染的水已經(jīng)被打印的文章4.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示正在進(jìn)行的動作；不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語表示一個(gè)已完成的動作；只有及物動詞的過去分詞才表示一個(gè)完成且被動的動作。退休工人逃犯歸國留學(xué)生Comparethefollowings:(正在變化的)(變化了的)

(正在凋謝的)(已經(jīng)凋謝了的)(發(fā)展的)(發(fā)達(dá)的)(正在飄落的)(已經(jīng)飄落了的)thechangingworldthechangedworldfadingflowersfadedflowersfallingleavesfallenleavesadevelopingcountryadevelopedcountryretiredworkersanescapedprisonerreturnedstudents

e.g.

Ihavemuchwork

todo.

Thebuilding

tobefinished

attheendofthisyearwillbe

ourlabbuilding.

Thebird

singinginthetree

isverybeautiful.

Didyouseetheboy

beingquestioned

bythepolice?5.todo

tobedonedoingbeingdone表示一個(gè)將來的動作表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的被動動作表示一個(gè)將來的被動動作表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動動作﹡﹡Thedifferences(usedasAttribute)Iknowthepeople

building

thehousethere.Thehouse

beingbuilt

overthereisashop.Thehouse

built

overthereisashop.(主動、進(jìn)行）(被動、進(jìn)行)(被動、完成）Completethefollowingsentences:Doyouknowtheman___________________________(跟我們數(shù)學(xué)老師談話的)？Ilostthepen___________________(我叔叔買的)。talkingtoourmathsteacherboughtbymyuncle6.有時(shí)通過一個(gè)數(shù)詞或形容詞加另一名詞的過去分詞可構(gòu)成生動形象的復(fù)合形容詞e.g.athree-leggeddeskaone-eyedgeneralanhonest-facedmanfiveblue-eyedforeignerswarm-heartedgood-tempered一張三條腿的桌子一個(gè)獨(dú)眼的將軍一個(gè)長相誠實(shí)的男人五個(gè)藍(lán)眼睛的外國人Exercises1.Therepairscostalot,butit’smoneywell

.

A.tospendB.spentC.beingspentD.spending2.Theprizeofthegameshowis＄30,000andanallexpenses_____vacationtoChina.A.payingB.paidC.tobepaidD.beingpaid3.Thedisc,digitally___inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded4.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningcompany,___as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown

BBABStepⅡusedasPredicative

Thefilmis

moving.

Theaudiencesfeel/are

moved.1.-ing作表語與-ed作表語的區(qū)別

Theresult

ofthetestis

disappointing.I

feel

disappointed

intheresultofthetest.{Whata

surprising

result!Iam

surprised

atwhathesaid.{Conclusion:現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動的意義，常指事物；過去分詞表示被動的意義，常指人。Fillintheblankswiththerightform.

1.Ihadnothingtodo.Iwas______(bore)andlonely.2.Jacklookedevenmore_________(amaze)thanhefelt.3.Theresultswerevery______________(disappoint).4.Iwasthankedbythe__________(satisfy)customer.amazedboreddisappointingsatisfiedThewindowis

broken.

Thewindow

wasbroken

bytheboy.

Conclusion:be+

過去分詞，如果表示動作的完成和狀態(tài)是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，此時(shí)它相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞；如果表示被動的動作是被動語態(tài)，此時(shí)主語為動作的承受者,后常跟by短語。2.過去分詞作表語和被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別Compare:{（1）完全形容詞化了的動詞-ed形式：可以被very等副詞修飾，可以有比較級等級形式。常見的有常見的有：bored,disappointed,excited,frightened,interested,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,surprised,tired,worried等。（2）有的動詞-ed形式可以被副詞well修飾，如：built,cooked,done,dressed,known,organized,prepared,written等。（3）其它副詞也可以修飾動詞-ed形式

，如：deeplymoved,highlydeveloped,heavily--populated等。3.注意事項(xiàng)4.動詞-ed形式作表語時(shí)，其后可以接介詞短語、不定式短語及that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。e.g.:Heisverymuchdisappointedattheresult.Themotherwaspleasedtohearfromherson.I’msatisfiedthatyoudidn’ttellmealie.1.Aswejoinedthebigcrowd,Igot___frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC．lostD.missed2.Idon’tknowtherestaurant，butitis____tobequiteagoodone.A.saidB.toldC.spokenD.talked3.Theyoungmanseemstobe_____inlaw．

A.interestingB.interestedC.interestD.beinginterested4.Haveyoureadthenewsintoday'snewspaper？Thisnewssounds_____.

A.encouragingB.encouragedC.encourageD.toencourage5.Shallwegoswimming?OK.I’lljustgoandget_____.A.changedB.tochangeC.tobechangedD.changingExercises:AABAAStepⅢusedasObjectComplement及物動詞的過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示一個(gè)完成且被動的動作;不及物動詞的過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)只表示動作的完成和狀態(tài)。

Whenhearrived,hefoundalltheworkfinished.Wefoundthevillagegreatlychanged.2.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示一個(gè)主動或正在進(jìn)行的動作;現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式作賓補(bǔ)表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的被動動作。

Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Isawthechildbeingbeatenbyhisfather.Thethiefwasbroughtin

withhishandstied

behindhisback.

Withalltheworkfinished,hewentback.（1）讓某人做某事/讓某事（被人）做（2）遭受某種損失或某種不愿要的結(jié)果1.havesthdone

Yesterdayshe

hadherwalletstolen.

Theoldman

hadhislegbroken

intheaccident.

2.介詞with＋賓語＋過去分詞Thevillagers

hadmanytreesplanted

justthen.

Ihave

hadmybikerepaired.ATTENTION﹡﹡Exercises:1.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You’vehadit____oftenenough.

A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained2.Helenhadtoshout____abovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makeherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard3.Ifyouwant_____immediately,youhavetogiveussomemoneyinadvance.A.thattheworkbedoneB.theworkdoneC.tohavedonethejobD.thejobthatisdoneDDB4.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_____inthekitchen.

A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked5.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee______thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutBC1.作時(shí)間狀語Toldofhismother’saccident,Jackphonedthehospital.TranslatedintoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveadifferentwordorder.Whenaskedtospeak,hecomplainedaboutthepoorservice.2.作原因狀語Caughtintherain,hehadafever.InspiredbyOprahWinfery,shebecameconfident.StepⅣusedasAdverbial3.作條件狀語Givenmoretime,I’llbeabletodoitbetter.Cleared,thissitewouldbeveryvaluable.Thehousewilllookbiggerifpaintedwhite.Shewillgladlycometoyourhouseifinvited.4.作讓步狀語Defeated,heremainedapopularboxer.Thoughtoldtostop,hekeptonwalking.Evenifgiveneveryopportunity,theywouldnotsucceed.5.作方式狀語Iamreturningyourletterasrequested.Hewaswalkingsadlyasifinjured.6.作伴隨狀語Marycameoutoftheroom,followedbyherdog.Acrowdrushedin,armedwithsticks.Seen

fromthehill,ourschoollooksmorebeautiful.Seeing

fromthehill,wecanseeourbeautifulschool.3.

Havingstudied

hard,hesucceededinpassingthefinalexam.4.Havingbeentold

tostayinBeijing,theboydecidednottoreturntohisvillage.Conclusion:1.過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞邏輯上的主語都為句子主語，但是過去分詞與主語之間存在被動關(guān)系，而現(xiàn)在分詞與主語之間存在主動關(guān)系。2.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式和過去分詞兩者都可表示“完成”和“被動”,但前者更加強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞動作明顯先于謂語動作;而后者的時(shí)間性不強(qiáng)。7.動詞的–ed形式與-ing

形式作狀語的區(qū)別：doing

havingdonedonehavingbeendone與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，與句中謂語動作同時(shí)發(fā)生與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，先于謂語動作發(fā)生與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，且先于謂語動作發(fā)生Thedifferences(used

asAdverbial)﹡﹡Exercises:1.____intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.A.PutB.PuttingC.HavingputD.Beingput2.____inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.

A.Dressed B.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed3.____inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.

A.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing4.When_____help,oneoftensays“Thankyou.”or“It’skindofyou.”A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offered5.Whenfirst______tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingin