伊頓離合器基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)(中英版)-伊頓

ClutchBasics

離合器基礎(chǔ)WhataretheBasic“Functions”ofaClutch?

離合器的基本功能？FunctionsofaClutchFunctionsofaClutch離合器功能WhataretheBasic“Functions”ofaClutch?

離合器的基本功能？TransferTorque傳遞扭矩BreaksTorque切斷扭矩CleanRelease清晰的分離SmoothEngagement柔和結(jié)合FunctionsofaClutchFunctionsofaClutch離合器功能WhataretheBasic“Functions”ofaClutch?離合器的基本功能？TransferTorqueBreaksTorqueCleanReleaseSmoothEngagementDampenVibrations使振動(dòng)變?nèi)鮁ngageaClutchBrake離合器制動(dòng)TransferTorque傳遞扭矩BreaksTorque切斷扭矩CleanRelease清晰的分離SmoothEngagement柔和結(jié)合FunctionsofaClutchFunctionsofaClutch離合器功能Thefunctionofaclutchistoconnect/disconnecttheflowofpowerfromtheenginetothedriveline離合器的基本功能是連接/切斷發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)到傳動(dòng)軸的動(dòng)力傳遞Providesawaytotranslateenginerotationintotransmissionrotation,將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)傳遞到變速箱的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)

Providesawaytoallowtheenginetorunwithoutthetruckmoving,允許發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)而車輛保持不動(dòng)

Providesawaytobreaktorquetoselectandchangegears.在需要選檔和換檔時(shí)切斷扭矩傳遞

WhatDoesaClutchDo?

離合器基本功能Discisclampedbytheclutchcover,connectingtheenginecrankshafttothetransmissioninputshaft從動(dòng)盤被壓盤夾緊,將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)曲軸和變速箱輸入軸連接起來Transmissionrotateswiththeengine變速箱與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)一起旋轉(zhuǎn)Flywheel飛輪Clutch離合器HowDoesitwork?–Engaged

怎樣工作?–接合狀態(tài)TransferTorque傳遞扭矩Pressureplateseparatesfromthedisc壓盤與從動(dòng)盤分離Transmissionisdisconnectedfromtheengine變速箱與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)分離Flywheel飛輪Clutch離合器HowDoesitwork?–Disengaged

怎樣工作–分離狀態(tài)CleanRelease/BreaksTorque清晰的切斷扭矩DrivenDisc從動(dòng)盤:Thisisthediscwhichisincontactwiththeengineflywheelandthepressureplateoftheclutchassembly這是與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)飛輪和離合器壓盤都接觸的零件Clutch-BasicComponents

離合器基本部件CoverAssembly壓盤總成:Anassemblywhichismountedontheflywheel,andsqueezesthediscagainsttheengineflywheel.安裝到飛輪上,將從動(dòng)盤壓緊到發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)飛輪上的零件Clutch-BasicComponents

離合器基本部件ReleaseBearing分離軸承:

Servesasastationaryconnectionforthereleaselinkage.Connectstothediaphragmspring.連接到膜片彈簧上,且與分離系統(tǒng)相連接.Clutch-BasicComponents

離合器基本部件Pressureplatebolts壓盤螺栓:

Shoulder-headboltsthreadeddirectlyintotopofpressureplateandthroughthedrivestraps.帶肩端臺(tái)階螺栓穿過傳動(dòng)片直接擰到壓盤上部PressurePlateBolts壓盤螺栓ShippingClips運(yùn)輸墊片:

Fitsbetweentheflywheelbracketandthepressureplatebolts.Usedto“cage”pressureplate,inordertofacilitateinstallationofdrivendiscs.Theclipsareremovedduringtheinstallationsprocess.在壓盤螺栓和架子之間,以在運(yùn)輸中保持住壓盤,有利于從動(dòng)盤裝配.在離合器安裝過程中要拿走.ShippingClips運(yùn)輸墊片Shippingclip運(yùn)輸墊片F(xiàn)lywheelRing支撐環(huán):

HousestheDiaphragmSpringsandPressurePlate.支撐膜片彈簧和壓盤FlywheelRing/Bracket/Cover

支撐環(huán)/支架/蓋DiaphragmSprings膜片彈簧:

Singlespringprovidethespringforcerequiredfordevelopingpressureplateclampload.彈簧提供要求的彈簧力滿足壓盤壓緊力DiaphragmSprings膜片彈簧Collector收集器:Allowsaconnectionpointtothediaphragmspringandthereleasebearing.Allowsforclutchengagementanddisengagement.連接膜片彈簧和分離軸承,讓離合器分離與接合.SpringCollector彈簧收集器DriveStraps傳動(dòng)片:ConnectstheFlywheelBrackettothepressureplate.Transmittorquefromtheenginetothepressureplateandprovidesaspringforcetoseparatethepressureplatefromthedrivendiscwhentheclutchisdisengaged.連接支架和壓盤.傳遞發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)力矩到壓盤.當(dāng)離合器分離時(shí),提供彈簧力以分離壓盤和從動(dòng)盤.DriveStraps傳動(dòng)片PressurePlate壓盤:Providesaclampingsurfaceforthedrivendisc,allowingforenginetorquetobetransmittedtothediscandeventuallythetransmissioninputshaft.為從動(dòng)盤提供夾緊面,同時(shí)傳遞發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)扭矩到從動(dòng)盤和最終傳到變速箱輸入軸.PressurePlate壓盤Facing摩擦面:Organicfrictionmaterialwhichwhenclampedupbetweenadjacentironsurfaces(pressureplate,engineflywheel)causesthedisctorotatewiththesecomponentstherebytranslatingflywheelrotationintotransmissioninputshaftrotation.有機(jī)摩擦材料當(dāng)被到鄰近的鑄鐵面(壓盤,發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)飛輪)壓緊時(shí),將使從動(dòng)盤與這些零件一起轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)而將飛輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換為變速箱輸入軸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng).Facings摩擦面Facing摩擦面Damper減振彈簧:Asetofspringsradiallyarrangedaroundthehubtopreventtorsionalvibrations(generatedbytheengine)frombeingtransmittedtothehub,andinessencetherestofthedriveline.在花鍵轂周圍徑向布置的一套彈簧用以防止扭振(通常有發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)引起)傳遞到花鍵轂,本質(zhì)上是保護(hù)傳動(dòng)軸.Damper減振彈簧Damper減振彈簧Hub花鍵轂:

Atoothedcomponentthatmateswiththetransmissioninputshaft,andisthepointoftorquetransfertothetransmission.與變速箱輸入軸匹配的帶齒零件,是傳遞扭矩到變速箱的零件.Hub花鍵轂Hub花鍵轂BearingTravel/ReleaseTravel軸承行程/分離行程:

Distancebywhichthereleasebearingmoveswhentheclutchpedalisfullydepressed.Ingeneral,12.7mmminimumtravelisrequiredfortheclutchtodisengage.離合器踏板全踩下時(shí)分離軸承移動(dòng)距離.通常離合器分離要求12.7毫米最小.BearingLoad/ReleaseLoad軸承力/分離力:

Loadappliedatthereleasebearingtodisengagetheclutch.分離離合器時(shí)作用于分離軸承上的力.PlateLoad壓盤力:

LoadappliedatthePressurePlatewhentheclutchassemblyisengaged.離合器接合時(shí)作用于壓盤上的力.PlateDeparture壓盤升程:DistancebywhichthePressurePlateretracts,freeingupthediscs,whentheclutchisdisengaged.當(dāng)離合器分離時(shí),為放開從動(dòng)盤而使壓盤回退的力.OtherTerminology其它術(shù)語ClutchTypes離合器型式

PushorPull推式或拉式WearThrough免調(diào)整

Single/TwinPlate單片/雙片

Mechanicalrod機(jī)械桿

Hydraulic液壓式

Boostedhydraulic液壓助力

Splinesize花鍵尺寸

Facingtype摩擦面

Pre-damper預(yù)減振

Damperrate減振彈簧剛度

OrganicFacings有機(jī)材料摩擦面ClutchDisc從動(dòng)盤ReleaseLinkage分離系統(tǒng)ClutchCover離合器蓋總成Components零件PushorPull推式或拉式Wear-Through免調(diào)整Single/TwinPlate單片/雙片ClutchCoverTypes離合器壓盤型式Indicatesthedirectioninwhichforceisappliedtothereleasebearingforclutchdisengagement指出為了離合器分離而作用于分離軸承的力的方向.

(Disengagement分離=clutchpedaldepressed踩下離合器踏板)PUSH推式:Bearingmovestowardstheengine軸承向發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)方向移動(dòng)PULL拉式:Bearingmovesawayfromtheengine軸承朝遠(yuǎn)離發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的方向移動(dòng)“PushorPull”“推式或拉式”LBAAdvantages優(yōu)勢

ReleaseBearingisseparatefrom coverassembly,分離軸承與壓盤總成分開

SimplifiesTransmissioninstallation, (alignmentofyokenotnecessary).簡單化變速箱安裝(不必對(duì)齊撥動(dòng)叉).Disadvantages劣勢

Highcoverdeflectionsduetolarge“L”value,由于“L”值大而產(chǎn)生高壓盤偏斜

Limitedplateloadcapacitydueto“A”diameter,由于“A”直徑而限制壓盤壓緊力

Higherreleaseloadsduetolow“B/A”ratio,由于底的“B/A”值而產(chǎn)生高的分離力

Complexcoverdesign,(diaphragmpivot),復(fù)雜的壓盤設(shè)計(jì),(膜片彈簧支點(diǎn))Cannotbeusedwithaclutchbrake.無法使用離合器制動(dòng)Clutchdiameter離合器直徑,(i.e.例如420mm)PushType推式LBADisadvantages劣勢Advantages優(yōu)勢

Lowcoverdeflections(small“L”value),小的壓盤偏斜(小的“L”值

Higherplateloadcapacity(“A”diameter),更高的壓盤壓緊力(直徑“A”)Lowerreleaseloads(higher“B/A”ratio),更小的分離力(更高的“B/A”比值)Simplecoverdesign,簡單的壓盤設(shè)計(jì)

Canbeusedwithaclutchbrake.可以使用離合器制動(dòng)

ReleaseBearingmustbeattachedtocover assembly,分離軸承須附在壓盤總成上

DifficultTransmissioninstallation,

(yokemustalignwithreleasebearing).變速箱安裝困難(撥叉須與分離軸承對(duì)齊)Clutchdiameter離合器直徑,(i.e.例如430mm)PullType拉式Clampingloadisgeneratedbycoilspringmounteddirectlybetweentheclutchcoverandthepressureplate,hencethename“directpressure”.夾緊力由安裝在離合器蓋和壓盤之間的螺旋彈簧直壓產(chǎn)生,因此命名為“直壓”.CoilSpring螺旋彈簧Leverforclutchdisengagement離合器分離杠桿WearThrough-DirectPressureCoilSpring

免調(diào)整–直壓式螺旋彈簧離合器Disc盤CoilSpring螺旋彈簧NewDisc新片New新片ClampLoad夾緊力WornDisc磨損后Worn磨損后ClampLoad夾緊力WearLife磨損量Thecoilspringextendswithfacingwear.螺旋彈簧隨摩擦面的磨損而伸展Therefore,thepressureplateclamploadreduces.因此,壓盤夾緊力減小Travel行程力LoadWearThrough-DirectPressureCoilSpring

免調(diào)整–直壓式螺旋彈簧離合器Clampingloadisgeneratedbydiaphragmspringmounteddirectlybetweentheclutchcoverandthepressureplate.夾緊力由裝在蓋總成和壓盤之間的膜片彈簧產(chǎn)生WearThroughTravel免調(diào)整行程DiaphragmSpring膜片彈簧WearThrough-DiaphragmSpring

免調(diào)整–膜片彈簧離合器00NewDisc新片WornDisc磨損NewClampLoad新片夾緊力WornClampLoad磨損后夾緊力Thediaphragmspringprovidesauniqueloadcharacteristicwhichresultsinawornplateloadsimilartothenewplateloadvalue.膜片彈簧產(chǎn)生一個(gè)獨(dú)特力的特性,而使磨損后的壓盤力與新片時(shí)相似However,thereleaseloadcontinuestoincrease.但是,分離力持續(xù)升高.Travel行程WearThrough-DiaphragmSpring

免調(diào)整–膜片彈簧離合器ADJUSTABLE(NorthAmericanStyle)可調(diào)整(北美)Internalcompensationforfacingwear內(nèi)部補(bǔ)償摩擦面磨損Manuallyadjustedbyoperator操作者手動(dòng)調(diào)整Automaticadjustment自動(dòng)調(diào)整WEARTHROUGH免調(diào)整Nocompensationforfacingwear無摩擦面磨損補(bǔ)償Clutchbearingpositionchangeswithfacingwear離合器軸承位置隨摩擦面磨損而變化

“AdjustableorWear-Through”

“可調(diào)整或免調(diào)整離合器”SFGWDisadvantages劣勢Addedweight重量增加Addedcost增加成本Morecomponents(installation)更多的零件(安裝)Higherinertia更大的慣量Greaterriskofclutchdrag產(chǎn)生拖扭的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更大Advantages優(yōu)勢Smallerdiameter更小的直徑Lowerreleaseloads更小的分離力Lowerpedalefforts更小的踏板力Increasedwearlife增加的磨損壽命Increasedspacefortorsionaldampers給減振彈簧更多的空間Theoretically,atwoplatedesignwilldoublethetorquecapacityforagivenclutchsizeandclampload.理論上,在給定的尺寸和夾緊力時(shí),雙片設(shè)計(jì)將有雙倍的扭矩容量.TwoPlatevs.SinglePlate

單片vs.雙片F(xiàn)rictionMaterials摩擦材料CushionedFacings帶軟墊摩擦面TorsionalDampers扭轉(zhuǎn)減振彈簧DiscTypes從動(dòng)盤型式CeramicFacing陶瓷摩擦面OrganicFacing有機(jī)材料FrictionMaterials摩擦材料FrictionMaterialKnowledge

摩擦材料知識(shí)OrganicFacingMaterial有機(jī)摩擦材料Advantages優(yōu)勢GoodEngagementQuality好的接合質(zhì)量GoodWearCharacteristics好的磨損特性Doesnotwearmatingfrictionsurfaces不磨損匹配的摩擦面

Disadvantages劣勢EasytoAbuse易過度使用CoefficientDropswhenClutchgetsHotduetoAbuse當(dāng)過度使用產(chǎn)生熱量時(shí),摩擦系數(shù)下降WearincreaseswhenclutchgetsHotduetoAbuse當(dāng)過度使用產(chǎn)生熱量時(shí)磨損上升.CeramicFacingMaterial陶瓷材料Advantages優(yōu)勢GoodWearCharacteristics好的磨損特性DifficulttoAbuse不易被過度使用CoefficientremainsthesamewhentheclutchgetsHotduetoAbuse當(dāng)過度使用產(chǎn)生熱量時(shí)摩擦系數(shù)不變WearisthesamewhenclutchgetsHotduetoAbuse當(dāng)過度使用產(chǎn)生熱量時(shí),磨損相同

Disadvantages劣勢EngagementQualitynotasgoodasOrganic接合質(zhì)量不如有機(jī)材料Willwearthematingfrictionsurfaces將磨損相匹配的摩擦面FrictionMaterialKnowledge

摩擦材料知識(shí)ImportantInformation!!!!!!重要信息AllFrictionMaterialsarenottheSame!!!!!不是所有的摩擦材料都相同

CoefficientofFriction摩擦系數(shù)

EngagementQuality接合質(zhì)量

WearRate磨損率

AbuseResistant抵抗過度使用能力Example-OrganicMaterial例子-有機(jī)材料Softensthemodulationbetweendisengagedandengagedconditionsforimprovedvehiclecontrollability.RequiredinmostEuropeancountries.使分離與接合更為柔和，提高車輛操作性能.在大多數(shù)的歐洲國家被要求.CushionedFacings帶波形墊摩擦面CombinedSpringLoad

xRadial

Distance

=DamperTorque合成彈簧力x徑向距離=減振器扭矩Distance距離SpringLoad彈簧力TorsionalDamper扭轉(zhuǎn)減振器DamperTorque÷

Hub

Rotation

=Torsional

Rate減振彈簧扭矩÷花鍵轂旋轉(zhuǎn)角度=扭轉(zhuǎn)剛度TorsionalDamper扭轉(zhuǎn)減振彈簧DiscB盤BDiscA盤ADesiredCapacity期望扭矩容量Rotation旋轉(zhuǎn)角度Torque扭矩

DiscAreachesthedesiredtorquevalueinasmallamountofrotation,盤A在一個(gè)小的旋轉(zhuǎn)下就達(dá)到期望的扭矩值.

DiscBachievesthesametorquevaluebutrequiresfarmorerotation,盤B獲得同樣的扭矩值要求更大的旋轉(zhuǎn)角度

DiscBisreferredtoasa“softrate”ora“l(fā)ongtravel”(LTD)damper.盤B被稱作“軟剛度”或“長行程”減振彈簧TorsionalDamper扭轉(zhuǎn)減振彈簧DiscBDiscARotationTorquespikeWhyusea“softrate”damper?為什么用“軟剛度”減振器?Asoftdamperprovidesimprovedprotectionagainstdrivelinetorsionalvibration.軟剛度減振器更好地保護(hù)傳動(dòng)系對(duì)抗扭轉(zhuǎn)振動(dòng)Inthisexampleshowingatorquespike,wecanseethat“discA”hasfarlesshubrotationthan“discB”,forthesamechangeintorqueload.本例中,在相同的扭矩變化時(shí)“盤A”比“盤B”有更小的旋轉(zhuǎn)量.Itistheincreaseinhubrotation,foragivenchangeintorque,that“softens”theimpactontherestofthedriveline,wherethedamperspringsabsorbmostoftheenergy.(Consideryourcar’ssuspensionwhendrivingdownaroadwithpotholes).相同的扭矩變化,花鍵轂旋轉(zhuǎn)量增加時(shí),“軟化”使傳動(dòng)軸得到更好保護(hù),因減振彈簧吸收了大部分的能量(考慮汽車的懸架,當(dāng)駛過道路坑道時(shí)).TorsionalDamper扭轉(zhuǎn)減振器Pre-Damper預(yù)減振彈簧Referstoastagepriortomaindampertravel.在主減振器行程之前起作用Usedtoisolateenginetorsionalsatidlespeed,whentransmissionisinneutral,oftenreferredtoas“idlerattle”.可以隔絕發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)怠速,變速箱空檔時(shí)的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)扭振,所謂的“怠速噪音”Twotypes:兩種型式

SpringLoaded彈簧載荷

FreeTravel(indischub)自由行程(在盤轂上)MainDamperSpringPre-damperSpringRotatesrelativetodiscTerminologyReview術(shù)語回顧BottomingLoad底部扭矩Torquethattheinternalstopofthedampergoessolid.減振彈簧內(nèi)部壓緊變成剛性時(shí)的扭矩.DamperRates減振彈簧剛度Theamountoftorqueperdegreestraveled每轉(zhuǎn)一度的扭矩值Hysteresis阻尼InternalFrictionthatisdesignedinthedamper.被設(shè)計(jì)在減振器上的內(nèi)部摩擦0-12-10-8-6-4-2024681012DEGREES角度TORQUE扭矩BottomingTorqueDamperRate=HysteresisFreeTravelorPredamperTravelBottomingTorqueTravelDrivenDiscAssembly從動(dòng)盤總成430mmClutchReleaseBearings

430mm離合器分離軸承Informandcomparevarious430mmClutchreleasebearingdesigns了解和比較不同的430mm離合器分離軸承IncludesattachmentmethodstotheDiaphragmSpring包括搭接到膜片彈簧上的方法Introduction介紹Bellhousing離合器殼ReleaseBearing分離軸承Yoke分離撥叉Cross-shaft撥叉軸Quill前軸承蓋Typical430mmClutchArrangement

典型430mm離合器布置QuillType前軸承蓋型式:Internalbushingdoesnotcontactinputshaftbutisguidedbytransmission’squill內(nèi)襯套不接觸輸入軸但由變速箱前軸承蓋導(dǎo)向Bushingonlyhastosurvivelinearmotion;Thereforeitcanbeahigh-temperature,self-lubricatingcompositematerial襯套只保證直線運(yùn)動(dòng);因此它用耐高溫、自潤滑合成材料Similarbushingarrangementsarecommonlyusedworld-widebyothers相似的軸承布置方式通常會(huì)被世界范圍內(nèi)其他廠家使用430mmClutchBearingArrangement

430mm離合器軸承布置EatonFuller430mmBearingConfiguration伊頓430mm軸承配置PermanentAttached非快速拆卸&QuickAttached快速拆卸Typical430mmBearingAssy.Drawing

典型430mm軸承總成圖3.BearingSnapRing軸承夾緊環(huán)7.BushingSnapRing襯套卡簧4.Bearing軸承6.WaveSpring波形彈簧9.Bushing襯套8.ReleaseBearingHousing分離軸承殼1.SpiralwavePre-LoadSpring螺旋波形預(yù)緊彈簧2.SpringSnapRing彈簧卡環(huán)430mmBearingAssy.Drawing軸承總成圖PermanentAttachedBearing非快速拆卸式InstalledonClutchAssemblybeforeInstallationonEngine’sFlywheel在離合器裝配到發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)飛輪之前把軸承裝到離合器總成上InternalgrooveandSnapRingretainsFulcrumRingfrommovingaxially.將卡環(huán)卡到內(nèi)槽上防止支撐環(huán)軸向移動(dòng)TransmitsactuationloadfromReleaseBearingtoDiaphragmSpring將助力泵推力從分離軸承傳遞到膜片彈簧Componentsofthe430mmEatonPermanentAttachedBearing伊頓非快速拆卸軸承部件430mmBearingAssy.Drawing軸承總成圖

QuickAttachedBearing快速拆卸軸承QuickClipwith“ears”帶“耳”的快速夾緊卡環(huán)StampedFulcrumRing沖壓支承環(huán)RetainingWire保持環(huán)(NoPre-Loadgenerated)(不產(chǎn)生預(yù)緊力)CurrentStyleofFulcrumRingAssembly

支承環(huán)總成當(dāng)前型式Sometimescalled“wireclip”有時(shí)稱作“金屬夾”“Snaps”overBEARING’ssnoutduringinstallation裝配時(shí)鎖住軸承豬嘴ConnectsFULCRUMRINGandBEARINGtogether將支承環(huán)和軸承連接在一起Mustwithstandactuationloadduringservicelife在工作時(shí)必須經(jīng)受住分離力ReleasesfromBEARINGsnoutwhenunlatched當(dāng)夾子不閉鎖時(shí)從軸承豬嘴上松開Componentsofthe430mmEatonBearingQuickClip伊頓軸承快速夾緊夾子部件MechanicalRodorCable機(jī)械桿式或拉索式Hydraulic液壓式BoostedHydraulic液壓助力式Note:Linkagedesigndictatesclutchreleasetravel.注:分離系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)要規(guī)定分離行程ReleaseLinkageTypes分離系統(tǒng)型式Connectsthecabpedaltoclutchwithoutanyflexiblecouplings.從踏板到離合器無任何柔性聯(lián)結(jié)Cannotcompensateforchangesintheclutchreleasebearingposition.不能補(bǔ)償離合器軸承位置變化Hencerequireslinkagefreeplaytoensurefullclutchengagement