全新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程4 ppt電子教案 Unit2

BR_mainListeningComprehensionWarm-upQuestionsBackgroundInformationBR_AnEnglishSong

_mainListeningComprehensionThinkingBeforeListeningThinkingWhileListeningListeningandSpeakingBR_AnEnglishSong

_mainBackgroundInformationAutomobileIndustryGlobalPositioningSystemIntelligentTransportationSystemBR_ThinkingBeforeListeningThinkingBeforeListeningThetitleofthepassageyouaregoingtolistentois“CarsoftheFuture”.Writedownthreequestionsaboutcarsofthefuture.BR_ThinkingWhileListening

ThinkingWhileListeningListentothepassageandfindoutifitanswersthequestionsyouaskedinExercise1.Whatkindofcarwillwebedrivingin2010?Ratherdifferentfromthetypeweknowtoday,withthenext20yearsbringinggreaterchangethanthepast50.Theirvisionisofamachinewiththreewheelsinsteadoffour,electricallypowered,environmentallyclean,andabletodriveitselfalong“intelligent”roadsequippedwithbuilt-inpowersuppliers.Futurecarswillpickuptheirfuelduringlongjourneysfromapowersourcebuiltintotheroad,orstoreitinsmallquantitiesfortravelinginthecity.Insteadoftoday’sseatingarrangements—twoinfront,twoorthreebehind,allfacingforward—the2010carwillhaveaversatileinteriorwithadultsandchildreninafamilycircle.BR_ThinkingWhileListening1Thisviewofthefuturecarisbasedonamuchmoresophisticatedroadsystem,withstripsbuiltintomotorwaystosupplypowertovehiclespassingalongthem.Carswillnotneeddrivers,becausecomputerswillprovidesafedrivingcontrolandroutefinding.Allthedriverwillhavetodoissaywheretogoandthecomputerwilldotherest.Itwillbecomeimpossibleforcarstocrashintooneanother.Thetechnologyalreadyexistsforthecartobecomeatrueautomobile.BR_ThinkingWhileListening2cleandriving:

electricallypowered,environmentallycleansafedriving:

controlledbycomputermorecomfortable:

aversatileinteriorwiththeadultsandchildreninafamilycircleBR_ListeningandSpeaking

ListeningandSpeakingListentothepassageagainandsaywhatchangeswillmakedriving:—cleaner?—safer?—morecomfortable?Tips:BR_Warm-upQuestions1Warm-upQuestions

Whatdoyouthinkisthemostprofitableandpowerfulindustryofthe20thcentury,computer,automobile,petroleumorairplane?2.Whatdoyouthinkwillbethemostprofitableandpowerfulindustryinthe21stcentury,communication,astronautics,biologyorconstruction?3.Whatisthegreatestinventionintheworldsofar?BR_Warm-upQuestions24.Ifyoucouldaffordacar,wouldyoubuyone?Whichbrandwouldyouliketohave?BR_AutomobileIndustry1AutomobileIndustry

Theautomobileindustryisoneofthemostimportantindustriesintheworld,affectingnotonlyeconomiesbutalsocultures.Itprovidesjobsformillionsofpeople,generatesbillionsofdollarsinworldwiderevenues,andprovidesthebasisforamultitudeofrelatedserviceandsupportindustries.Automobilesrevolutionizedtransportationinthe20thcentury,changingforeverthewaypeoplelive,travel,anddobusiness.Between1886and1898,about300automobileswerebuilt,buttherewasnorealestablishedindustry.Acenturylater,withautomakersandautobuyersexpandingglobally,automakingbecametheworld’slargestmanufacturingactivity,withmorethan53millionnewvehiclesbuilteachyearworldwide.Automobilemanufacturersareamongthelargestcompaniesintheworld.Thesecorporationsareoftenmultinational.Thesecompaniesoftenshareparts,orusepartsmadeinforeignfactories.TheU.S.automobileindustryproduced16.8millionvehiclesin1999.ThethreemajorautomobilemanufacturersintheUnitedStates—GeneralMotorsCorporation,FordMotorCompany,andDaimlerChryslerAG—providethreefourthsoftheindustry’stotaldirectemploymentintheUnitedStates.BR_AutomobileIndustry2BR_GlobalPositioningSystem1GlobalPositioningSystem

GlobalPositioningSystemisaspace-basedradio-navigationsystem,consistingof24satellitesandgroundsupport.GPSprovidesuserswithaccurateinformationabouttheirpositionandvelocity,aswellasthetime,anywhereintheworldandinallweatherconditions.GPSdetermineslocationbycomputingthedifferencebetweenthetimethatasignalissentandthetimeitisreceived.GPSsatellitescarryatomicclocksthatprovideextremelyaccuratetime.AsofMarch1994,24GPSsatelliteswereinoperation.Replenishment(補(bǔ)給)satellitesarereadyforlaunch,andcontractshavebeenawardedtoprovidesatellitesintothe21stcentury.GPSapplicationscontinuetogrowinland,sea,air,andspacenavigation.TheabilitytoenhancesafetyandtodecreasefuelconsumptionwillmakeGPSanimportantcomponentoftravelintheinternationalairspacesystem.AirplaneswilluseGPSforlandingatfogbound(為濃霧所困的)airports.AutomobileswilluseGPSaspartofintelligenttransportationsystems.EmergingtechnologieswillenableGPStodeterminenotonlythepositionofavehiclebutalsoitsaltitude.BR_GlobalPositioningSystem2problems.Forexample,usingadvancedsurveillance(監(jiān)視)systems,theearlystagesofatrafficbottlenecksituationcanbedetected,andtrafficcanthenbedirectedtootherroutestomitigate(減輕)thecongestionandtoprovidefasterandmoreefficientroutesfortravelers.NewtechnologiesenablethistypeofsurveillanceandguidanceBR_IntelligentTransportationSystem1IntelligentTransportationSystemIntelligentTransportationSystems(ITS)referstotransportationsystemswhichapplyemerginghardandsoftinformationsystemstechnologiestoaddressandalleviate(緩解)transportationcongestionresponsetooccurinrealtime,andtherefore,toallowpotentialcongestionsituationstobeaddressedbeforetheydevelopintoserioustrafficjams.BR_IntelligentTransportationSystem2GR_mainPartDivisionoftheTextFurtherUnderstandingTrueorFalseGR_FurtherUnderstandingFurtherUnderstandingTextAnalysisLanguageFocusAnswertheQuestionsGR_TrueorFalse1TrueorFalse1.Therearesomanypeoplekilledinthecaraccidentsthatcaraccidentsreportscanbefoundinnewspapernearlyeveryday.FThenumberofpeoplethatarekilledorbadlyinjuredincaraccidentsissovastthatwedon’tevenbothertomentiontheminthenewspaperanymore.(

)ScanTextAanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.2.Asmartcarcanalertthedriverifhebecomesdrowsy.T(

)GR_TrueorFalse23.Thecomputerinthecarwilltotallyeliminatethecasesofgettinglostandgettingstuckintraffic.FThecomputercanhaveapositiveimpactontheseproblems,butitisunlikelytocurethem.(

)GR_TrueorFalse34.Thecomputerinthecarsendsoutaradiosignalthatcanbedetectedbyasatellite.FThesatellitesendsoutaradiosignalthatcanbedetectedbyareceiverinacar’scomputer.(

)5.Byestablishingtherelationbetweentherotationsinthesteeringwheelandthecar’spositiononamap,thecomputercantelluswherethecaris.T(

)GR_PartDivisionoftheText1PartDivisionoftheTextPartsPara(s)MainIdeas11~324~9Newtechnologywillhaveadramaticimpactoncarsandhighwaysinthe21stcentury.Withtheaidofadvancedtechnology,smartcarswillbesodesignedthattheycanhelpeliminatetrafficaccidents,determinetheirownpreciselocationsandwarnoftrafficjams.GR_PartDivisionoftheText2PartsPara(s)MainIdeasGPSand“telematics”willmakeitpossibletobuildsmarthighways,whichwillbenefitusinmorethanoneway.10~133GR_AnswertheQuestions

1.AnswertheQuestions

Howimportantwastheautomobileindustryinthe20thcentury?2.3.Didtheautomobileindustrychangealotinthelastseventyyears?Whatwillhappentocarsandroadsinthe21stcentury?4.Whydoestheauthorsaythekeytotomorrow’s“smartcars”willbesensors?GR_TextAnalysis

TextAnalysis

Inthispart,theauthorliststhefeaturesofsmartcars.Canyousummarizethesefeatures?Tips:

Smartcarscaneliminatemostcaraccidents.Smartcarscanalertthepoliceandprovidepreciselocationifstolen.Smartcarscanmonitorone’sdrivingandthedrivingconditionsnearby.Smartcarscanalertthesleepydriver.Smartcarscanlocateyourcarpreciselyandwarnoftrafficjams..5.GR_LanguageFocus1LanguageFocus

Wemayencountersomedifficultwordsorphrasesinreading.Shallweconsultthedictionaryimmediately?Anefficientreaderwillmakeaguessbasedonknowledgeofword-formationorknowledgeofthewordinthecontext.Forexample,canyouguessthemeaningof“blinkspot”inthefollowingsentence?Shouldyoumakeaseriousdrivingmistake(e.g.,changelaneswhenthereisacarinyour“blindspot”)thecomputerwouldsoundanimmediatewarning.Theremightbeanaccidentifyouchangelaneswhenthereisacarinyour“blindspot”.Howcouldithappen?GR_LanguageFocus2Howcomeyoudon’tknowtheexistenceofthecar?Itmustbethatyoucannotobservethecarfromtherear-viewmirror.Herecomesthepossiblemeaningof“blindspot”:aportionoftheroadbehindacar,whichadrivercannotobservefromtherear-viewmirror.Nowtrytoguessthemeaningof“GlobalPositioningSystem”(Para.7)and“atomicclocks”(Para.7).Word-formationmayalsoprovidemuchinformationaboutthemeaningoftheword.Forexample,whatistelematics?Theprefix“tele-”means“distant”,thesuffix“-matics”maybetheendpartof“informatics”.Sotelematicsmustbeabranchofknowledgeconcernedwithlong-distancetransmission.GR_LanguageFocus3Nowtrytoguessthemeaningof“prototype”(Para.6)and“interstate”(Para.12).Salesoftheautomobileindustrystandataboutatrilliondollars,makingittheworld’sbiggestmanufacturingindustry.DR_Text1SmartCarsEventheautomobileindustry,whichhasremainedlargelyunchangedforthelastseventyyears,isabouttofeeltheeffectsofthecomputerrevolution.Theautomobileindustryranksasamongthemostlucrativeandpowerfulindustriesofthetwentiethcentury.Therearepresently500millioncarsonearth,oronecarforeverytenpeople.DR_Text2Thecar,andtheroadsittravelson,willberevolutionizedinthetwenty-firstcentury.Thekeytotomorrow’s“smartcars”willbesensors.“We’llseevehiclesandroadsthatseeandhearandfeelandsmellandtalkandact,”predictsBillSpreitzer,technicaldirectorofGeneralMotorsCorporation’sITSprogram,whichisdesigningthesmartcarandroadofthefuture.Approximately40,000peoplearekilledeachyearintheUnitedStatesintrafficaccidents.Thenumberofpeoplethatarekilledorbadlyinjuredincaraccidentsissovastthatwedon’tevenbothertomentiontheminthenewspapersanymore.Smartcarshavealreadybeenbuiltwhichcanmonitorone’sdrivingandthedrivingconditionsnearby.Smallradarshiddeninthebumperscanscanfornearbycars.Shouldyoumakeaseriousdrivingmistake(e.g.,changelaneswhenthereisacarinyour“blindspot”)thecomputerwouldsoundanimmediatewarning.DR_Text3Fullyhalfofthesefatalitiescomefromdrunkdrivers,andmanyothersfromcarelessness.Asmartcarcouldeliminatemostofthesecaraccidents.Itcansenseifadriverisdrunkviaelectronicsensorsthatcanpickupalcoholvaporintheair,andrefusetostartuptheengine.Thecarcouldalsoalertthepoliceandprovideitspreciselocationifitisstolen.DR_Text4driver’seyelidscloseforacertainlengthoftimeandhisorherdrivingbecomeserratic,acomputerinthedashboardcouldalertthedriver.AttheMITMediaLab,aprototypeisalreadybeingbuiltwhichwilldeterminehowsleepyyouareasyoudrive,whichisespeciallyimportantforlong-distancetruckdrivers.Themonotonous,almosthypnoticprocessofstaringatthecenterdividerforlonghoursisagrosslyunderestimated,life-threateninghazard.Toeliminatethis,atinycamerahiddeninthedashboardcanbetrainedonadriver’sfaceandeyes.

IftheDR_Text5Twoofthemostfrustratingthingsaboutdrivingacararegettinglostandgettingstuckintraffic.Whilethecomputerrevolutionisunlikelytocuretheseproblems,itwillhaveapositiveimpact.Sensorsinyourcartunedtoradiosignalsfromorbitingsatellitescanlocateyourcarpreciselyatanymomentandwarnoftrafficjams.Wealreadyhavetwenty-fourNavstarsatellitesorbitingtheearth,makingupwhatiscalledtheGlobalPositioningSystem.

Theymakeitpossibletodetermineyourlocationontheearthtowithinaboutahundredfeet.DR_Text6Atanygiventime,thereareseveralGPSsatellitesorbitingoverheadatadistanceofabout11,000miles.Eachsatellitecontainsfour“atomicclocks,”whichvibrateataprecisefrequency,accordingtothelawsofthequantumtheory.Asasatellitepassesoverhead,itsendsoutaradiosignalthatcanbedetectedbyareceiverinacar’scomputer.Thecar’scomputercanthencalculatehowfarthesatelliteisbymeasuringhowlongittookforthesignaltoarrive.Sincethespeedoflightiswellknown,anydelayinreceivingthesatellite’ssignalcanbeconvertedintoadistance.DR_Text7InJapantherearealreadyoveramillioncarswithsometypeofnavigationalcapability.(Someofthemlocateacar’spositionbycorrelatingtherotationsinthesteeringwheeltoitspositiononamap.)Withthepriceofmicrochipsdroppingsodrastically,futureapplicationsofGPSarevirtuallylimitless.“Thecommercialindustryispoisedtoexplode,”saysRandyHoffmanofMagellanSystemsCorp.,whichmanufacturesnavigationalsystems.BlindindividualscoulduseGPSsensorsinwalkingsticks,airplanescouldlandbyremotecontrol,hikerswillbeabletolocatetheirpositioninthewoods—thelistofpotentialusesisendless.GPSisactuallybutpartofalargermovement,called“telematics,”whichwilleventuallyattempttoputsmartcarsonsmarthighways.PrototypesofsuchhighwaysalreadyexistinEurope,andexperimentsarebeingmadeinCaliforniatomountcomputerchips,sensors,andradiotransmittersonhighwaystoalertcarstotrafficjamsandobstructions.Onaneight-milestretchofInterstate15tenmilesnorthofSanDiego,trafficengineersareinstallinganMIT-designedsystemwhichwillintroducethe“automateddriver.”Theplancallsforcomputers,aidedbythousandsofthree-inchmagneticspikesburiedinthehighway,totakecompletecontrolofthedrivingofcarsonheavilytraffickedroads.Carswillbebunchedintogroupsoftentotwelvevehicles,onlysixfeetapart,travelinginunison,andcontrolledbycomputer.DR_Text8DR_Text9Promotersofthiscomputerizedhighwayhavegreathopesforitsfuture.By2010,telematicsmaywellbeincorporatedintooneofthemajorhighwaysintheUnitedStates.Ifsuccessful,by2020,asthepriceofmicrochipsdropstobelowapennyapiece,telematicscouldbeadoptedinthousandsofmilesofhighwaysintheUnitedStates.Thiscouldprovetobeanenvironmentalboonaswell,savingfuel,reducingtrafficjams,decreasingairpollution,andservingasanalternativetohighwayexpansion.DR_Sentence1_Salesofthe…Howdoyouunderstandtheword“stand”?“Stand”isusedtoshowaparticularleveloramount.Forexample:Inflationcurrentlystandsatninepercent.Yourbankbalancestandsat$460.Salesoftheautomobileindustrystandataboutatrilliondollars,makingittheworld’sbiggestmanufacturingindustry.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.汽車工業(yè)的銷售額達(dá)一萬億美元左右，從而成為世界上最大的制造業(yè)。DR_Sentence2_Thekey

Paraphrasethesentenceandpayattentiontothestructure“thekeytosth.”Thecrucialelementofthefuturesmartcarswillbesensors.Thekeytotomorrow’s“smartcars”willbesensors.“Should”isoftenusedinsubordinateclausesafter“if”—itmakesaneventsoundlessprobable.Forexample:IfyoushouldseeHarry,givehimmyregards.(Youmightseehim.)InBritishEnglish,thestructure“if+subject+should+verb”isoftenreplacedby“Should+subject+verb”.Forexample:ShouldyouseeHarry,givehimmyregards.DR_Sentence3_Shouldyou

Analyzethestructureofthissentence.Shouldyoumakeaseriousdrivingmistake(e.g.,changelaneswhenthereisacarinyour“blindspot”)thecomputerwouldsoundanimmediatewarning.DR_Sentence4_Toeliminate…Toeliminatethis,atinycamerahiddeninthedashboardcanbetrainedonadriver’sfaceandeyes.Youmustbefamiliarwiththeword“train”,buthowdoyouunderstandthewordinthissentence?Here

“train”

meanstofocusonoraimat.DR_Sentence5_Sensorsin…Paraphrasethissentence.Therearesensorsinthecarandtheyaretunedtoradiosignalswhichcomefromorbitingsatellites.Thesensorscanlocatethecarandwarnoftrafficjams.Sensorsinyourcartunedtoradiosignalsfromorbitingsatellitescanlocateyourcarpreciselyatanymomentandwarnoftrafficjams.DR_Sentence6_Theymake…TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.通過這些衛(wèi)星我們有可能以小于100英尺的誤差確定你在地球上的方位。Theymakeitpossibletodetermineyourlocationontheearthtowithinaboutahundredfeet.DR_Sentence6_Someof…Explainhowthenavigationalfacilitieshelplocatethe

car’sposition.Theylocatethecar’spositionbyestablishingtherelationbetweentherotationsinthewheelandthecar’spositiononamap.

(Someofthemlocateacar’spositionbycorrelatingtherotationsinthesteeringwheeltoitspositiononamap.)DR_Sentence7_Thecommercial…“Thecommercialindustryispoisedtoexplode,”Whatdoes“thecommercialindustry”referto?ItreferstotheindustrytowhichGPSisappliedcommercially.Paraphrasethesentence.Thecommercialindustryisboundtodeveloprapidlyandbeprosperous.在圣迭戈以北10英里的15號(hào)州際公路一段8英里長(zhǎng)的路面上……DR_Sentence8_Onaneight-mile…HowmuchdoyouknowabouttheInterstateintheU.S.?Onaneight-milestretchofInterstate15tenmilesnorthofSanDiego,InterstateisoneofasystemofhighwaysextendingbetweenandconnectingthemajorcitiesoftheUnitedStates.Whatdoes“stretch”mean?Itmeansacontinuousorunbrokenlength.TranslatethispartintoChinese.DR_Sentence9_By2010…Paraphrasethestructure“maywellbe…”isverylikelythat

…By2010,telematicsmaywellbeincorporatedintooneofthemajorhighwaysintheUnitedStates.TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.到2010年，遠(yuǎn)程信息技術(shù)很可能應(yīng)用于美國(guó)的一條主要公路。DR_word_lucrativelucrative:ducingmuchmoney;profitableThisisalucrativebusiness.我們和一家美國(guó)公司做大米進(jìn)口的生意，賺了些錢。WemadealucrativebusinesswiththeAmericancompanyonriceimports.DR_word_manufacturemanufacture:vt.1.

makegoodsonalargescaleusingmachineryThisfirmmanufacturescars.2.

invent;makeup在工廠制造產(chǎn)品tomanufacturegoodsinafactoryYou’llhavetomanufacturesomekindofexcuse.她編了一段謊話來掩蓋事實(shí)。Shemanufacturedafalsestorytohidethefacts.Hemadeamodelplaneoutofwood.他用木頭做了一架模型飛機(jī)。make通用且非正式，可用于所有的制造過程。例如：DR_word_alert2manufacture&make這兩個(gè)詞都是動(dòng)詞，都有制造之意。CF:manufacture

使用范圍較窄，既可指通過使用工業(yè)機(jī)械，亦指粗制濫造以一種機(jī)械的方式創(chuàng)作、制作或完成。例如：Hisbooksseemtohavebeenmanufacturedratherthancomposed.他的作品像是被機(jī)器加工出的，而不是創(chuàng)作的。

DR_word_approximatelyTheapproximatenumberofdemonstratorsinfrontofthemunicipalofficebuildingwas900.大概的時(shí)間是三點(diǎn)鐘。Theapproximatetimeisthreeo’clock.approximately:adv.moreorlessexactlyThecaraccidenthappenedatapproximately7:45a.m..approximate:adj.fairlycorrectoraccuratebutnotcompletelysoDR_word_eliminateThepolicehaveeliminatedalltheothersuspects.Shehasbeeneliminatedfromtheswimmingrace.eliminate:vt.remove,esp.sb./sth.thatisnotwantedorneeded;

getridof她已被取消了參加游泳比賽的資格。Pattern:Canweevereliminatehungerfromtheworldoneday?eliminatesth.fromsth.Hundredsofbirdssuddenlyroseintheair.DR_word_intheairintheair:intheearth’satmosphere;uncertain,notyetdecidedThereisastrangesmellintheair.我們的計(jì)劃尚未確定。Ourplansarestillintheair.DR_word_startupstartup:beginorbeginworking,running,happening,etc.瑪麗發(fā)動(dòng)引擎，向她的家鄉(xiāng)駛?cè)?。Marystarteduptheengineanddroveforherhometown.Putthekeyintheignitionandturnittostartthecarup.DR_word_alert1alert:

1.

vt.warnsb.thattheremaybedanger,trouble,etc.Thedoctoralertedmetothedangersofsmoking.2.adj.attentive;watchfulThesquirrelsarequitealerttodangers.警察警告我有危險(xiǎn)。Thepolicemanalertedmetothedanger.Pattern:alertsb.tosth.Pattern:bealerttodangerIwishyouwouldbemoreattentivetowhatyourteacherhastoldyou.

希望你能多注意老師對(duì)你說的話。attentive

強(qiáng)調(diào)能夠把注意力集中于某事上而不分心、不走

神。例如：DR_word_alert2alert&attentiveCF:alert指思維敏捷而高度集中，注意著可能發(fā)生的事件，尤其是危險(xiǎn)的、恐怖的事件，并迅速做出反應(yīng)。例如：Ahunting-dogmustbealert.獵犬必須很機(jī)警。Theguardswerealerttoanydanger.

哨兵警惕著一切危險(xiǎn)的情況。DR_word_alert3Hewasabsolutelyattentivetoresearchintothecauseofcancer.他專心致志研究癌癥的起因。3.

n.aconditionorperiodofheightenedwatchfulnessor

preparationforactionThehuntersareonthealertforwolves.Pattern:onthealertDR_word_prototypeprototype:n.thefirstmodelordesignofsth.fromwhichotherformsarecopiedordevelopedprototypeequipmentprototypemachineprototypemodelproto-

前綴，表示“最初的，原始的”，例如：protocluster原星團(tuán)

(cluster叢)protogalaxy原星系

(galaxy星系,銀河)protovirus原始病毒

(virus病毒)

NB:DR_word_monotonousmonotonous:adj.dullandneverchangingorvarying;constantandboring我在汽車工廠的工作頗為單調(diào)乏味。Myjobinthecarfactoryisrathermonotonous.Theteacher’svoicewassomonotonousthatitsentmetosleep.DR_word_hazardhazard:n.athingthatcanbedangerousorcausedamage;adangerorriskTherearemanyserioushazardsassociatedwithsmoking.穿越非洲的旅行有許多危險(xiǎn)。TherearemanyhazardsinajourneyacrossAfrica.Collocation:beonthehazardatallhazardsinhazardbyhazard不顧一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn);在任何情況下

在危險(xiǎn)中,受到威脅偶然,碰運(yùn)氣在危險(xiǎn)中DR_word_vibratevibrate:v.

(causesth.to)moverapidlyandcontinuouslybackwardsandforwards;shakeThehammersstrikethepianostringsandvibratethem.當(dāng)司機(jī)發(fā)動(dòng)了發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí)，公共汽車顫動(dòng)著。Thebusvibratedwhenthedriverstarteduptheengine.Tom’sheavyfootstepsupstairsmadetheoldhousevibrate.DR_word_frequencyfrequency:n.therateatwhichsth.happensorisrepeated,usu.measuredoveraparticularperiodoftimeAccidentsarehappeningwithincreasingfrequency.科學(xué)家正試圖計(jì)算出這個(gè)地區(qū)地震發(fā)生的頻率。Thescientistsaretryingtocalculatethefrequencyofearthquakeinthisdistrict.Thisradiosignalhasafrequencyof800,000cyclespersecond.DR_word_convertconvert:v.changefromoneformorusetoanotherIwanttoconvertsomeHongKongdollarsintoAmericandollars.那座樓房改成學(xué)校了。Coalcanbeconvertedtogas.Thatbuildinghasbeenconvertedintoaschool.Pattern:convertsth.to/intosth.correlatethetheorywithpracticeDR_word_correlatecorrelate:vt.haveamutualrelationshiporconnection,inwhichonethingaffectsordependsonanotherResearchworkersfindithardtocorrelatethetwosetsoffigures.Smokingandlungcancerarecloselycorrelated.Theyaretryingtofindoutifthesebehaviorpatternscorrelatewithparticularchangesindiet.把理論與實(shí)踐聯(lián)系起來Pattern:correlatesth.withsth.DR_word_drasticallydrastically:adv.inadrasticwaydrastic:adj.havingastrongorviolenteffectTheFrenchRevolutionbroughtaboutdrasticsocialchanges.Drasticmeasuresareneededtoimprovetheperformanceofthecompany.法國(guó)革命帶來劇烈的社會(huì)變動(dòng)。DR_word_applicationapplication:n.theactionoraninstanceofputtingatheory,discovery,etc.topracticaluseTheapplicationofnewscientificdiscoveriestoindustrialproductionmethodsusuallyincreasesefficiency.這項(xiàng)新發(fā)明的應(yīng)用將給公司帶來巨大的利潤(rùn)。Theapplicationofthenewinventionwillbringgreatprofitstothecompany.DR_word_bepoisedtodobepoisedtodo:bereadytotakeactionatanymomentTheautomobilecompanyispoisedtolaunchitsnewadvertisingcampaign.ItisreportedthatU.S.forcesarepoisedtoattackIraq.DR_word_mountmount:v.fix(sth.)inpositionforuse,displayorstudy;put(sth.)intoplaceonasupportMountingtheengineinthiswaywasinimprovement.她把照片裱貼在她的日記本上。Shemountedthephotographonthebackofherdiarybook.DR_word_magneticmagnetic:adj.1.havingthepropertiesofamagnetCottonisnotmagnetic.Hehasmagneticpersonality.他有吸引人的個(gè)性。Theironhaslostitsmagneticforce.2.havinganunusualpowerorabilitytoattractDR_word_takecontroloftakecontrolof:controlThenewmanagerdidn’tknowhowtotakecontrolofhiscompany.Thegovernmenthastakencontrolofallthenewspapers.DR_word_bunch1bunch:1.v.

grouptogether(bothactiveandpassive)Thecaptaintoldtheplayersnottobunchtogether.Thechildrenwereallbunchedtogetherinthecorneroftheroom.我們聚在火爐周圍取暖。Webunchedaroundthefireforwarmth.DR_word_bunch2abunchofgrapesabunchofkeysabunchofflowers2.n.

agroupofitemsorindividualsgatheredorplacedtogetherDR_word_incorporateHisnewlypublishedbookincorporateshisearlieressay.Hewasincorporatedamemberofthecollege.我們將把你的建議編到新計(jì)劃中去。Wewillincorporateyoursuggestioninthenewplan.incorporate:vt.make(sth.)partofawhole他成為該大學(xué)的一員。DR_word_decrease1今年在校的兒童人數(shù)減少了。Thenumberofchildrenintheschoolhasdecreasedthisyear.decrease:

v.becomeormakesth.smallerorfewerTheyaremakingfurthereffortstodecreasemilitaryspending.Opposite:decrease,reduce&lessen這幾個(gè)詞都是動(dòng)詞，都有“減少”之意。CF:increase他們把該裝置的體積縮小了三分之二。DR_word_decrease2Thenumberoftrafficaccidentsdecreasedlastyear.Waterconsumptionhadtodecreasetoavoidadrought.水的消費(fèi)量必須減少，以避免水荒。decrease一詞使用廣泛，特指數(shù)量的減少。例如：去年交通事故的數(shù)量減少了。reduce詞義很廣。既可指大小、數(shù)量、范圍或程度的縮小，也可指等級(jí)、地位或經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況的下降。例如：