2020年12月四級(jí)真題第3套

機(jī)密*啟用前大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試COLLEGEENGLISHTEST—BandFour——(2020年12月第3套)試題冊(cè)

敬告考生一、在答題前，請(qǐng)認(rèn)真完成以下內(nèi)容：.請(qǐng)檢查試題冊(cè)背面條形碼粘貼條、答題卡的印刷質(zhì)量，如有問題及時(shí)向監(jiān)考員反映，確認(rèn)無誤后完成以下兩點(diǎn)要求。.請(qǐng)將試題冊(cè)背面條形碼粘貼條揭下后粘貼在答題卡1的條形碼粘貼框內(nèi)，并將姓名和準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在試題冊(cè)背面相應(yīng)位置。.請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1和答題卡2指定位置用黑色簽字筆填寫準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、姓名和學(xué)校名稱，并用HB-2B鉛筆將對(duì)應(yīng)準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)的信息點(diǎn)涂黑。二、在考試過程中，請(qǐng)注意以下內(nèi)容：.所有題目必須在答題卡上規(guī)定位置作答，在試題冊(cè)上或答題卡上非規(guī)定位置的作答一律無效。.請(qǐng)?jiān)谝?guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)在答題卡指定位置依次完成作文、聽力、閱讀、翻譯各部分考試，作答作文期間不得翻閱該試題冊(cè)。聽力錄音播放完畢后，請(qǐng)立即停止作答，監(jiān)考員將立即收回答題卡1,得到監(jiān)考員指令后方可繼續(xù)作答。.作文題內(nèi)容印在試題冊(cè)背面，作文題及其他主觀題必須用黑色簽字筆在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)作答。.選擇題均為單選題，錯(cuò)選、不選或多選將不得分，作答時(shí)必須使用HB-2B鉛筆在答題卡上相應(yīng)位置填涂，修改時(shí)須用橡皮擦凈。三、以下情況按違規(guī)處理：.未正確填寫(涂)個(gè)人信息，錯(cuò)貼、不貼、毀損條形碼粘貼條。.未按規(guī)定翻閱試題冊(cè)、提前閱讀試題、提前或在收答題卡期間作答。.未用所規(guī)定的筆作答、折疊成毀損答題卡導(dǎo)致無法評(píng)卷。.考試期間在非聽力考試時(shí)間佩戴耳機(jī)。全國(guó)大學(xué)英語四、六級(jí)考試委員會(huì)Writing(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteonthetopicChangesintheWayofCommunication.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.ListeningComprehension(25minutes)特別說明六級(jí)考試每次僅考兩套聽力，第三套聽力試題同第一套或第二套試題一致(40minutes)(40minutes)(40minutes)ReadingComprehensionSectionA(40minutes)Directions：Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Thethingspeoplemake,andthewaytheymakethem,determinehowcitiesgrowanddecline,andinfluencehowempiresriseandfall.So,anydisruptiontotheworld'sfactories26.Andthatdisruptionissurelycoming.Factoriesarebeingdigitised,filledwithnewsensorsandnewcomputerstomakethemquicker,more27,andmoreefficient.Robotsarebreakingfreefromthecagesthatsurroundthem,learningnewskillsandnewways28aworldwhereyoucanmakeanything,anywhere,fromacomputeriseddesign.Thatvisionis29_closertoreality.Theseforceswillleadtocleanerfactories,producingbettergoodsatlowerprices,personalisedtoourindividualneedsanddesires.Humanswillbe30manyofthedirty,repetitive,anddangerousjobsthathavelongbeena31offactorylife.Greaterefficiency32meansfewerpeoplecandothesamework.Yetfactorybossesinmanydevelopedcountriesareworriedaboutalackofskilledhumanworkers一andsee33androbotsasasolution.ButeconomistHelenaLeurentsaysthisperiodofrapidchangeinmanufacturingisa34opportunitytomaketheworldabetterplace.“Manufacturingistheonesystemwhereyouhavegotthebiggestsourceofinnovation,thebiggestsourceofeconomicgrowth,andthebiggest'sanopportunityto35thatsystemdifferently,andifwecan,itwillhavetremendoussignificance.”I)interactionJ)leaningI)interactionJ)leaningK)mattersL)movingM)promisedN)shapeO)sparedI)interactionJ)leaningK)mattersL)movingM)promisedN)shapeI)interactionJ)leaningK)mattersL)movingM)promisedN)shapeO)sparedenormouslyfantasticE)fascinatedF)featureG)flexibleH)inevitablySectionBDirections：Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymakingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheHistoryoftheLunchBoxItwasmadeofshiny,brightpinkplasticwithaLittleMermaidstickeronthefront,andIcarrieditwithmenearlyeverysingleday.Mylunchboxwasoneofmyfirstprizedpossessions,aproudstatementtoeveryoneinmykindergarten:461loveMermaid-Arielonmylunchbox.”Thatbulkycontainerservedmewellthroughmyfirstandsecondgrades,untilthelive-actionversionof101Dalmatianshittheaters,andIneededthenewestredplasticboxwithcharacterslikePongoandPerditaonthefront.IknowI'mnotalonehere——Ibetyoulovedyourfirstlunchbox,too.LunchboxeshavebeenconnectingkidstocartoonsandTVshowsandsuper-heroesfordecades.Butitwasn^tevenboxes.Asschoolshavechangedinthepastcentury,themiddaymealcontainerhasevolvedrightalongwiththem.Let'sstartbackatthebeginningofthe20thcentury-thebeginningofthelunchboxstory,really.Whiletherewereneighborhoodschoolsincitiesandsuburbs,one-roomschoolhouseswerecommoninruralareas.Asgrandparentshavebeensayingforgenerations,kidswouldtravelmilestoschoolinthecountryside(oftenonfoot).“Youhadkidsinruralareaswhocouldn'tgohomefromschoolforlunch,sobringingyourlunchwrappedinacloth,inoiledpaper,inalittlewoodenboxorsomethinglikethatwasaverylong-standingruraltraditionJG)，Butthesecontainerswerereallydurable,lastingyearsonend.Thatwasgreatfortheconsumer,notsomuchforthemanufacturer.SoexecutivesatAladdinhitonanideathatwouldharnessthenewfoundpopularityoftelevision.TheycoveredlunchboxeswithstrikingredpaintandaddedapictureofTVandradiocowboyHopalongCassidyonthefront.Thecompanysold600,000unitsthefirstyear.Itwasamajor"Ah-ha!”moment,andawaveofothermanufacturersjumpedonboardtocapitalizeonnewTVshowsandmovies."ThePartridgeFamily,theAddamsFamily,theSixMillionDollarMan,theBionicWoman一everythingthatwasontelevisionendeduponalunchboxj'sthefounderoftheLunchBoxMuseuminColumbus,Georgia."ItwasagreatmarketingtoolbecausekidsweretakingthatTVshowtoschoolwiththem,andthenwhentheygothometheyhadthemcapturedbackonTV,“hesays.Andyes,youreadthatright:Thereisalunchboxmuseum,rightneartheChattahoocheeRiver.Woodallhasmorethan2,000itemsondisplay.Hisfavorite?TheGreenHornetlunchbox,becauseheusedtolistentotheradioshowbackinthe1940s.Thenewtrendwasalsoagreatexampleofplannedobsolescence,thatis,todesignaproductsothatitwillsoonbecomeunfashionableorimpossibletouseandwillneedreplacing.Kidswouldbegforanewlunchboxeveryyeartokeepupwiththenewestcharacters,eveniftheiroldlunchboxwasperfectlyusable.Themetallunchboxcrazelasteduntilthemid-1980s,whenplastictookover.Twotheoriesexistastowhy.Thefirst一andmostlikely一isthatplastichadsimplybecomecheaper.Thesecondtheory一possiblyanurbanmyth一isthatconcernedparentsinseveralstatesproposedbansonmetallunchboxes,claimingkidswereusingthemas“weapons"tohitoneanother.There'salotontheinternetaboutastate-widebaninFlorida,butafewdaysworthofdiggingbyahistorianattheFloridaStateHistoricalSocietyfoundnosuchlegislation.Eitherway,themetallunchboxwasout.Thelastfewdecadeshavebroughtanewlunchboxrevolution,ofsorts.Plasticboxeschangedtolinedclothsacks,andeventually,globalismbroughttiffincontainersfromIndiaandbentoboxesfromJapan.Eventheoldmetallunchboxeshaveregainedpopularity."Idon'tthinkthe/zeyday(鼎盛時(shí)期)haspassed；”〕thinkithasevolved.Thedaysoftheready-made,"youstickitinalunchboxandcarryittoschooParekindofdone.”Theintroductionofbackpackschangedthelunchboxsceneabit,headds.Oncekidsstartedcarryingbookbags,thatbulkytraditionallunchboxwashardtofitinside."Butyoucan'tjustthrowasandwichinabackpackJayasekarasays."Itstillhastogointoacontainer.9,Thatis,inpart,whysmallerandsoftercontainershavetakenoff-theyfitintobackpacks.Anddon'tworry——whetherit'saplasticbentoboxoraclothbag,lunchcontainerscanstilleasilybecoveredwithpopularculture.“Wekeeppacewiththemovieindustriessowecanpredictwhichcharactersaregoingtobepopularforthecomingmonths,^Jayasekarasays."Youknow,kidsarekids.”36.Lunchcontainerswerenotnecessaryforschoolkidsincities.41.Schoolkidsareeagertogetanewlunchboxeveryyeartostayinfashion.SectionCDirections:fourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)cmdD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.,healthbenefitsandtheirfunfactor.Althoughebikesfirstappearedinthe90s,cheaperoptionsandlonger-lastingbatteriesarebreathingnewlifeintotheconcept.Establishedbikecompaniesandstartupsareembracingebikestomeetdemand.About34millionebikesweresoldworldwidelastyear,accordingtodatafromeCycleElectricConsultants.Mostweremarkethasgrownto263,000bikes,a25%gainfromtheprioryear.Theindustryisbenefitingfromimprovedbatteriesassuppliersovertheyearsdevelopedtechnologyforlaptops,smartphonesandelectriccars.In2004,thepriceofbatteriesusedonebikesfell,spurringEuropeansales.Motivate,LimeBikeandSpin,announcedelectricbicycleswillbeaddedtotheirfleets.NewYork-basedJumpFranciscoThursday.Ridescost$2for30minutes.Thesystemworkslikeexistingdocklessbikesharesystems,whereridersunlockbikesthroughasmartphoneapp/'Thisisthebeginningofalong-termshiftawayfromregular踏板)toelectricbikesjsaidJumpBikesCEORyanRzepecki."Whenpeoplefirstjumponanebike,theirfacelightsup.It'sexcitingandjoyfulinawaythatyoudon'tgetfromaregularbike.”Twoyearsago,CEOChrisCocalisofPivotCycles,whichsellshigh-endmountainbikes,found'tinterestedinstockingebikes.SomeretailerswarnedCocalisthatthey'ddropthebrandifitcameoutwithanelectricbike.Nowthatsalesaretakingoff,thevastmajorityofbikedealersareaskingCocaliswhenhe'llmakeanebikeavailable."There'stremendousopportunitytogetagenerationofpeopleforwhomsufferingisn'ttheirthing,“Cocalissaid."Ebikeridersgettheenjoyablepartofcyclingwithoutthemassivesufferingofclimbinghugehills.”Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutebikes?Theirhealthbenefitsandfunvaluesoutweightheircost.TheydidnotcatchpublicattentionintheUnitedStatesuntilthe1990s.Theydidnotbecomepopularuntiltheemergenceofimprovedbatteries.Theirwidespreaduseisattributabletopeople'senvironmentalawareness.WhatbroughtabouttheboostinebikesalesinEuropeatthebeginningofthecentury?Updatedtechnologyofbikemanufacture.Thefallingpricesofebikebatteries.Changedfashioninshort-distancetravel.Therisingcostsformakingelectriccars.WhatistheprospectofthebikeindustryaccordingtoRyanRzepecki?Morewillbeinvestedinbikebatteryresearch.Thesalesofebikeswillincrease.Itwillprofitfromebikesharing.Itwillmakeadifferenceinpeople'sdailylives.WhatpreventedChrisCocalisfromdevelopingebikessooner?Retailers5refusaltodealinebikes.Highprofitsfromconventionalbikes.Users,concernaboutrisksofebikeriding.Hisfocusonsellingcostlymountainbikes.WhatmakesChrisCocalisbelievethereisagreateropportunityforebikesales?Thefurtherloweringofebikeprices.Thepublic'sconcernfortheirhealth.Theincreasinginterestinmountainclimbing.Theyoungergeneration'spursuitofcomfortableriding.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theterms"globalwarming”and“climatechange“areusedbymany,seeminglyinterchangeably.Butdotheyreallymeanthesamething?Scientistsshapedthehistoryofthetermswhileattemptingtoaccuratelydescribehowhumanscontinuetoaltertheplanet.Later,politicalstrategistsadoptedthetermstoinfluencepublicopinion.In1975,geochemistWallaceBroeckerintroducedtheterm"climatechange”inanarticlepublishedbyScience.In1979,aNationalAcademyofSciencesreportusedtheterm“globalwarming"todefineincreasesintheEarth'saveragesurfacetemperature,while“climatechange"morebroadlyreferredtothenumerouseffectsofthisincrease,suchassea-levelriseandoceanacidification^.Duringthefollowingdecades,someindustrialistsandpoliticianslaunchedacampaigntosowdoubtinthemindsoftheAmericanpublicabouttheabilityoffossil-fueluse,deforestationandotherhumanactivitiestoinfluencetheplanet'sclimate.Worduseplayedacriticalroleindevelopingthatdoubt.Forexample,thelanguageandpollsexpertFrankLuntzwroteamemoencouragingtheuseof“climatechange"becausethephrasesoundedlessscarythan“globalwarmingJreportedtheGuardian.However,Luntz'srecommendationwasn,NASAusedtheterm"climatechange^^becauseitmoreaccuratelyreflectsthewiderangeofchangestotheplanetcausedbyincreasingamountsofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Thedebateisn'tnew.Acenturyago,chemistSvanteArrheniusstartedoneofthefirstdebatesoverthepotentialforhumanstoinfluencetheplanet'sclimate.ArrheniuscalculatedthecapabilityofcarbondioxidetotrapheatintheEarth'satmosphere,butotherchemistsdisagreed.Somearguedthathumanswerentproducingenoughgreenhousegases,whileothersclaimedtheeffectswouldbetiny.Now,ofcourse,weknowthatwhateveryoucallit,humanbehavioriswarmingtheplanet,withgraveconsequencesahead.Whydid