初中英語八大時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)總復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)態(tài)講解

初中英語八大時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)總復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)態(tài)講解一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)【展示平臺(tái)】L一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)用來表示經(jīng)常，反復(fù)，習(xí)慣性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示頻率的副詞sometimes（有時(shí)），often（經(jīng)常），usually（通常），always（總是）等連用。時(shí)間狀語inthemorning/afternoon/evening（在上午/下午/晚上），everyday/week/month/year（每天/周/月/年，atnoon/night（在中午/夜里），onMonday/Tuesday（在星期一/二）等也可用在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)中。如：Bruceusuallywalkstoschool. 布魯斯通常步行去上學(xué)。WehavetwoP.Eclasseseveryweek.我們每周上兩節(jié)體育課。2表示現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài)。如：Sheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.她總是樂于助人。Heis13yearsold.他13歲了。3表示事實(shí)或客觀真理，或在諺語中，也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewesteveryday.太陽每天東升西落。Whenthereisawill,thereisaway.有志者，事竟成。4一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的基本句型1）肯定句：①主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他②主語（第三人稱單數(shù)）+動(dòng)詞-s+其他如：TheyliveinChina.他們住在中國。Helikeseatingapples.他喜歡吃蘋果。2）否定句：①主語+don’t+動(dòng)詞原形+其他②主語（第三人稱單數(shù)）+doesn’t+動(dòng)詞原形+其他如：丁八?丫don’tliveinChina.他們不住在中國。Hedoesn’tlikeeatingapples.他不喜歡吃蘋果。3）一般疑問句：①Do+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？②Does+主語（第三人稱單數(shù)）+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？如：DotheyliveinChina?他們住在中國嗎？Doeshelikeeatingapples? 他喜歡吃蘋果嗎？【相關(guān)鏈接】當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱的單數(shù)形式。謂語動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式的變化規(guī)則如下：1）一般在動(dòng)詞后直接加s。如：talk-talks，live-lives。2）以s，x.，ch，sh或o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞在其后加es。如：watch-watches，wash-washes，go-goes。3）以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把y變成i再加es。如：carry-carries，fly-flies。4）特殊的，如：have的第三人稱單數(shù)為has。【牽手中考】BoboftenhismotherwiththehouseworkonSundaysA.helpB.helpingC.helpsD.helped【解析】根據(jù)題中的時(shí)間狀語often和onSundays可判斷該句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。主語Bob是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以謂語動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)為單數(shù)加s,故選C。—Whatdidtheteachersayjustnow?—Hesaidthattheearthroundthesun.(福州)A.goB.goesC.wentD.willgoII.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：I(write)toyouassoonasI(get)toLondon.Hedoean,tfeelwelland(noteat)anyfoodthismorning.Henot(see)mecomein,forhe(read)somethingwithgreatinterest.9.Whatyourmother(do)ateightyesterdayevening?She(wash)clothes.15.Willyoucomeifhe(notcome)?19.Idon,tknowifMr.Wang(go)toShanghaitomorrow.Ifhe(go),I_(ask)him(take)somebookstomydaughter,becauseshe(study)there.III單項(xiàng)選擇：.ThestudentswillgototheSummerPalaceifittomorrow.A.don,trainB.doesn,trainC.won,train.ThereanEnglishfilmnextweek.A.willhaveB.isgoingtohaveC.isgoingtobeD.wasgoingtobeThey theofficeatnineyesterdaymorning.A.reachedtoB.arrivedC.wentD.gettoWeshallgotoShanghaionbusinessbeforeyoubacknextweek.A.wilcomeB.cameC.wouldcomeD.comeDon,tsmokeuntiltheplaneoff.A.takesB.tookC.wastakenD.istakeIsawhertheroomthismorning.A.toenterB.enteredC.enterD.entersJohnisalwaysothers.A.helpB.helpingC.helpsD.tohelp二、一般過去時(shí)：概念：過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。時(shí)間狀語：ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month...),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①be動(dòng)詞；②行為動(dòng)詞否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問句：①was或were放于句首；②用助動(dòng)詞do的過去式did提問，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。1一般過去時(shí)態(tài)場用來表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用時(shí)間狀語有：yesterday(昨天)，lastnight(昨晚)，lastweek(上個(gè)星期)，fourdaysago（四天前），in2002（在2002年），justnow（剛才），thedaybeforeyesterday（前天）。如：Hewenttotheparkyesterday.她昨天去了公園。（表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）Iwastenyearsoldin2003.我2003年才10歲。（表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間存在的狀態(tài)）2表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作也用一般過去時(shí)。此時(shí)常和表示頻率的副詞：always（總是），often（經(jīng)常），sometimes（有時(shí)）等連用。如：Healwayswenttoschoolearlylastyear.他去年總是早早上學(xué)。3表達(dá)去世的人所做的事往往也用一般過去時(shí)。如：YingZhengwasthefirstkinginChina.贏政是中國的第一個(gè)皇帝。4一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成1）肯定句：主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式+其他如：Weenjoyedourselvesinthezooyesterday.我們昨天在動(dòng)物園里玩得很高興。2）否定句：主語+didn’t+動(dòng)詞原形+其他如：川?didn'tenjoyourselvesinthezooyesterday.我們昨天在動(dòng)物園里玩得不高興。3）一般疑問句：Did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他如：Didyouenjoyyourselvesinthezooyesterday? 你們昨天在動(dòng)物園里玩得高興嗎？【相關(guān)鏈接】在一般過去時(shí)態(tài)中會(huì)涉及到動(dòng)詞的過去式，大家要掌握規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式的變化規(guī)則。變化規(guī)則如下：一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞原形后直接ed。如：play-played,look-looked。2）以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞在其后加d。如：like-liked,use-used。3）與輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把y變成i再加ed。如：carry-carried,marry-married。4）以重讀閉音節(jié)（或r音節(jié)）結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再力口ed。如：stop-stopped,prefer-preferred。當(dāng)然，剛才提到的都是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成，我們還學(xué)過許多不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式形式。如：put-put,see-saw,eat-ate等，這些可需要我們?cè)谡n下牢牢記住喲！【牽手中考】l.Whattoheryesterdayevening?A.washappenedB.happenedC.happening D.happen一Hi,Kate.Youlooktired.What'sthematter?一Iwelllastnight.A.didn'tsleepB.don'tsleepC.hasn'tsleptD.won'tsleep一Whenyouyouroldfriends?一Thedaybeforeyesterday.A.will;visitB.did;visitC./;visitD.have;visited三、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。I（watch）acartoononSaturday.Herfather(read)anewspaperlastnight.Wetozooyesterday,wetothepark.(go)you(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?he(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he.GaoShan(pull)upcarrotslastNationalDayholiday.I(sweep)theflooryesterday,butmymother.Whatshe(find)inthegardenlastmorning?She(find)abeautifulbutterfly.It(be)Ben,sbirthdaylastFriday10.Weall (have)agoodtimelastnight.三.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示此時(shí)此刻正在發(fā)生的事或正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常和時(shí)間狀語now,atthemoment連用。如：Theyaresingingatthemoment. 他們正在唱歌。LiMingismakingareportnow.李明現(xiàn)在正在做報(bào)告2表示現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作也用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)來表達(dá)，此時(shí)常和時(shí)間狀語thesedays連用。如：Wearemendingthecarthesedays. 這些日子我們一直在修車。3某些瞬間動(dòng)詞如come,leave,arrive,die等用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來，即這個(gè)動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生。如：Shesayssheiscomingsoon. 她說她馬上就來。Thematchgirlisdying. 那個(gè)賣火柴的小女孩快要死了。4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的基本句型1)肯定句：主語+am/is/are+V-ing+其他。如：Nancyisreadingabooknow.南茜正在讀書。Thetwinsareplayingintheirbedroom.2)否定句：主語+am/is/are+not+其他。如：Nancyisn'treadingabooknow. 南茜沒有正在讀書。Thetwinsaren'tplayingintheirbedroom. 那對(duì)雙胞胎沒有正在臥室里玩3)一般疑問句：Am/Is/Are+主語+V-ing+其他？如：IsNancyreadingabooknow?南茜正在讀書嗎？Arethetwinsplayingintheirbedroom? 那對(duì)雙胞胎正在臥室里玩嗎？【相關(guān)鏈接】1現(xiàn)在分詞(即V-ing形式)的構(gòu)成)一般在動(dòng)詞的后面直接加-ing。如：listen-listening,look-looking.2)以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去e加ing.如：take-taking,make-making.3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母再加ing。如sit-sitting,stop-stopping.4)特殊的如：lie-lying,die-dying等。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用以說明客觀事實(shí)或情況，或用于強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的永久性或經(jīng)常性；而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，而且這個(gè)動(dòng)作常含有未完成之意。如：Weusuallyhavefourclassesinthemorning.我上午通常上四節(jié)課。一Whycan’tLilygowithme?麗麗為什么不能和我們一起去呢？一Becausesheisdoingherhomeworknow.因?yàn)樗谧鲎鳂I(yè)。2)always用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用于說明事實(shí)，一般不帶有感情色彩；而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always(即bealwaysdoingsth.)連用，常表示說話人的某種感情，如：贊揚(yáng)，批評(píng)，厭煩等。如： 一Healwaysworkslate.他總是工作到很晚。(表示事實(shí))Heisalwaysworkinglate.他總是工作到很晚。(表示贊揚(yáng))Heisalwaystalkingbig.他老愛說大話。(表示厭煩)【牽手中考】Look!Theboyshappilyintheriver.A.swimB.swamC.willswimD.areswimming Canyourbrothermakeamodelairplane? Yes,thisweekheanewmodel.A.buildsB.isbuiltC.hadbuiltD.isbuilding一ShallweinviteTomtoplayfootballnow?一Oh,no.Hehisclothes.A.iswashingB.washesC.haswashed二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：l.Theboy(draw)apicturenow.Listen.Somegirls(sing)intheclassroom.Mymother(cook)somenicefoodnow.Whatyou(do)now?Look.They(have)anEnglishlesson.They(not,water)theflowersnow.Look!thegirls(dance)intheclassroom.Whatisoursondoing?She(listen)tomusic.It,s5o,clocknow.We(have)suppernowHelen(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.三一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)練習(xí)題( )1.Whoovertherenow?A.singingB.aresingC.issingingD.sing( )2.It,seighto,clock.ThestudentsanEnglishclass.A.haveB.havingC.ishavingD.arehaving( )3.Listen!Thebabyinthenextroom.A.cryingB.criedC.iscryingD.cries( )4.Look!Thetwinsnewsweaters.A.arewearingB.wearingC.arewearD.iswearing( )5.Don,ttalkhere.Grandparents.A.issleepingB.aresleepingC.sleepingD.sleep( )6.Tomisaworker.Heinafactory.Hissistersinahospital.A.work/workB.works/workC.work/works( )7.WhoEnglishbestinyourclass?A.speakB.speaksC.speaking( )8.MrsReadthewindowseveryday.A.iscleaningB.cleanC.cleans( )9.Wemusicandoftentomusic.A.like/listenB.likes/listensC.like/arelistening( )10.Sheupatsixinthemorning.A.getB.getsC.getting( )11.Thetwinsusuallymilkandbreadforbreakfast,butJimsomecoffeeforit.A.have/haveB.have/hasC.has/have四、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：概念：表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。時(shí)間狀語：atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語等?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doing否定形式：was/were+not+doing.一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)是表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。可以從兩個(gè)方面來理解：一1過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。E.g.Theywereplayingfootballatteno,clockyesterdaymorning.MymotherwascookingwhenIgothome.Iwaswashingmyclothesatthistimeyesterday.2過去某階段持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作Whatwereyoudoingduringtheholiday?另外，在復(fù)合句中，若主要?jiǎng)幼骱捅尘皠?dòng)作是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，那么主從句都可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)e.g.JennywasreadingwhileDannywaswriting.其結(jié)構(gòu)是助動(dòng)詞be的過去形式was/were+v-ing.其句式變化仍然要在be上做文章。E.g.Wewereworkinginclass.Weweren,tworkinginclass.Wereyouworkinginclass?過去進(jìn)行時(shí)常與過去某一特定時(shí)間的狀語連用，如lastnight,atthattime,atnoonyesterday,lastSunday等。也有時(shí)沒有時(shí)間狀語，要通過上下文的暗示來確定用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。E.g.Thestudentsallworkedhard.Everyoneknewwhathewasworkingfor.做題時(shí)常見錯(cuò)誤如下：一、易把be+現(xiàn)在分詞記成be+過去分詞例：Hewastalked(talk)tohismumatthattime.答案：wastalking解析：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)上的區(qū)別體現(xiàn)在be動(dòng)詞上。二、丟掉be動(dòng)詞或忘記把動(dòng)詞變成現(xiàn)在分詞例：1Iwatching(watch)TVwhenhecamein.2Theywereplay(play)gamesat5:00p.m.yesterday.答案：1waswatching2wereplaying解析：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)中“be+現(xiàn)在分詞，缺一不可”的規(guī)律也可應(yīng)用于過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。三、對(duì)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組提問時(shí)丟掉doing例：Wewereflyingkitesat5:00p.m.yesterday.對(duì)劃線部分提問)Whatwereyouat5:00p.m.yesterday?答案：Whatwereyoudoingat5:00p.m.yesterday?解析：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)中“What……doing……力句式同樣適用于過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。四、易與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)弄混例：Mymotheriscooking(cook)whenIgothome.答案：wascooking解析：這兩種時(shí)態(tài)的共同點(diǎn)是都表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，但現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)前提是現(xiàn)在，而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)前提是過去，由whenIgothome可看出前提是過去。五、易與一般過去時(shí)弄混例：昨晚我在讀一本故事書。Iread(read)astorybookyesterdayevening.答案：wasreading解析：這兩種時(shí)態(tài)的共同點(diǎn)是都用于表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。但過去進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，而一般過去時(shí)則表示過去某一時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，它表示的動(dòng)作往往已經(jīng)完成。“在”說明正在進(jìn)行，而“Ireadastorybookyesterdayevening.”的意思是昨晚我讀了一本故事書，言下之意已經(jīng)讀完了。故用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。另外，在賓語從句中當(dāng)主句為過去時(shí)，從句若是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，需變成過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。e.g.Hesaid