新概念英語第二冊語法-“介詞 關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句

“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，是定語從句語法學(xué)習(xí)的重點和難點。這是一種介詞前置的定語從句句型，介詞與關(guān)系代詞之間存在一種介賓關(guān)系。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞定語時，把介詞置于關(guān)系代詞前，即演變出“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”句型。例如：Themanwhom\who\that\\youshouldwritetoisMr.White.(whom作to的賓語，to在謂語動詞之后)=ThemantowhomyoushouldwriteisMr.Write.(介詞to置于whom前，whom作賓語)你該給他寫信的那個人是懷特先生一、當(dāng)先行詞指人時，用“介詞+whom”句型注意：此時不用who或that。(1)Thepersontowhom

IlentmybicycleisMr.Ball.（whom不能省略，也不用who或that）(2)Thegirlwithwhom

mysistervisitedtheGreatWallhasjustcomebackfromLondon.二、先行詞指物時，用“介詞+which”句型注意：先行詞指物時，不能用關(guān)系代詞that直接跟在介詞后作賓語。例如：1.Theprizeforwhich

heworkedsohardwasanewbike.（which不能改為that）2.Thehousetowhich

hetookuswasveryold.（which不能改為that）三、介詞的選擇和運用是重中之重1.根據(jù)介詞與先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣確定介詞。先行詞不同，與之習(xí)慣搭配的介詞也不同。例如：(1)Doyoustillrememberthedayonwhich

wemetforthefirsttime?(2)Doyoustillrememberthedaysduringwhich

weworkedtogether?2.根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣確定介詞。動詞不同，要求與之搭配的介詞不同，動詞與不同介詞的搭配所表達(dá)的意義也大相徑庭。例如：(1)Helostthebookinwhich

hekeptmanytelephonenumbers.(2)Idon’tknowthepersontowhom

youtalkedjustnow.3.根據(jù)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)在定語從句中的作用與含義而確定介詞。例如：(1)Theplanebywhich

myfatherwenttoShanghaiwaslate.(2)Theplaneonwhich

myfatherworkedwasverylarge.(此處onwhich=ontheplane表地點)注意下面幾點特殊情況：1.含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等(1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T)(2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F)2.若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時用whom，不可用who或者that；指物時用which，不能用that；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用whose(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)(2)Themanwiththatyoutalkedismyfriend.(F)(3)Theplanein\bywhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)(4)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代詞或者數(shù)詞(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.(2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhich

havegonebad.(3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhom

arefrombigcities.4：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhich

herefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhich

hewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.(3)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhich/where

Iwasborn..“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”型定語從句五大考點“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句是英語語法中的難點和重點,近年來高考對這一語法結(jié)構(gòu)的考查大有升溫之勢。為便于同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)掌握，筆者扼要地對它的幾種考查熱點進行了歸納和解析，希望同學(xué)們能舉一反三，加以掌握并運用考點1簡單介詞+關(guān)系代詞知識歸納：用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞指人時只能用whom,指物時只能用which；介詞選擇的依據(jù)主要是根據(jù)從句中的動詞、形容詞、名詞與介詞的固定搭配而定；

或者以先行詞與從句中的動詞關(guān)系及所表達(dá)的含義而定；或者以先行詞在定語從句中的作用和含義而定，并且含有介詞的短語動詞不能拆開，介詞仍然放在動詞之后?？祭?.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,__thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich2.TheEnglishplay_______mystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.

A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich

3.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone____theycantalkfrequently.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom考點2復(fù)雜介詞+關(guān)系代詞

知識歸納：用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞有which,whom,whose。常用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜介詞有：asaresultof,atthebackof,becauseof,bymeansof,forwantof,infrontof,incaseof,onaccountof等。例如：Wegottoahouseatthebackofwhich

wasalargegarden.

Isthereacertaintestbymeansofwhich

theNo.1willbedecided？考點3簡單介詞+關(guān)系代詞+名詞

知識歸納：用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞有which,whose。介詞的選擇取決于關(guān)系代詞后的名詞及整個句子的含義?？祭?/p>

Intheoffice,Ineverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m._______timemanypeoplehavegonehome.

A.whoseB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhich考點4the+名詞+of+關(guān)系代詞

知識歸納：用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞只有which。該結(jié)構(gòu)表示所有關(guān)系,口語中常用“whose+名詞”代替。非正式文體中可以用“ofwhichthe+名詞”。高考考例：RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,__wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose考點5表示部分的詞語＋of＋關(guān)系代詞

知識歸納：此時，指人的關(guān)系代詞只能是whom,指物的關(guān)系代詞只能是which。表示部分的詞語常見的有：不定代詞all,both,none,neither,either,some,any,數(shù)詞(含基數(shù)詞，序數(shù)詞，分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù))；數(shù)詞+名詞；the+最高級/比較級，以及表示數(shù)目或數(shù)量的詞語many,most,few,several,enough,halfa,aquarter。考例：1.Therearetwobuildings,__standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.A.thelarger

B.thelargerofthem

C.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich2.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%____aresoldabroad.A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat定語從句提升練習(xí)：Theonlything___wecoulddowastoaskthepolicestationforhelp.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.as2.TheGreatWallisthelastplace___Mr.SmithisgoingtovisitbeforeheleavesBeijing.A.whereB.whichC./D.what3.Hereisthegirl___schoolbaghasbeenstolen.A.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which4.Howdoyoulikethebook?Itisquitedifferentfrom___Ireadlastmonth.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone5.Shewassoangryatall___hewasdoing____shewalkedoutwithoutsayingaword.A.that,thatB.which,thatC.what,asD.that,which6.Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthethingsandpersons___theyremembered.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who7.Isthistheshop___sellschildren’sclothing?A.whatB.whichC.inwhichD.where

8.Thehouse___windowsarebrokenwasboughtbymygrandfatherlastyear.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.whichD.ofthat9.I’lltellyou____hetoldmelastweek.A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatallD.whichall10.Thisisthebiggestlaboratory___wehaveeverbuiltinourschool.A.whichB.whatC.whereD./11.Heistheonlyoneoftheworkers___Englishinthefactory.A.thatknowsB.thatknowC.whohasknownD.whohaveknown12.Iboughtabookthatisonscienceand___hasmanybeautifulcolourfulpictures.A./B.thatC.whichD.as13.I’moneoftheboys___neverlateforschool.A.thatisB.whoareC.whoamD.whois14.I’dlikeacar___frontlightsarebigandround.A.whichB.whoC.whoseD.ofwhich15.Isthisfactory___theyvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.theone16.Isthisthefactory___theyvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whatC.whereD.theone17.Withthefastdevelopmentofagriculture,thepeople___villageItaughtbeforehavelivedahappylife.A.whoB.whoseC.inwhoseD.inwhich18.Idon’tliketheway___youlaughather.A.forwhichB.inwhichC.whyD.where19.Thepaper___bambooismadeisespeciallyfine.A.whichB.intowhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich20.Itseemstomethatnoreason___yougaveusforyourmistakeissound（合理的）.A.whatB.whyC.whichD.that21.Isthistheoldman___youtookapictureathisbirthdayparty?A.whoB,thatC.ofwhomD.theone22.That’stheScienceMuseum___wevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.towhichC.whichc.inwhich23.Manylettersreachedtheyounggirl___weallthoughtshouldhavebeenmadedirectorofthecompany.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.forwhom24.That’sthefactory___wepaidavisitlastyear.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich25.Idon’tlike___youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich26.All___isneededistohaveagoodrest.A.thethingB.thatC.whatD.which27.Thereason___I’mwritingtoyouistotellyouaboutapartyonSaturday.A.becauseB.whyC.forD.as28.Shestillremembersthedays___shewasinthecountry___shewasyoung.A.as,thatB.which,whenC.when,asD.duringwhich,that29.Thedays___Ispentinthecountrysideinmychildhoodwasthehappiesttime___Ihadeverhadinmylife.A.when,whenB.when,thatC.that,whichD.that,that30.Isthistheeconomiczone___hevisitedhisfriendtheotherday?A.thatB./C.theoneD.where31.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears___Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,___hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that,whichB.when,whichC.which,thatD.when,who32.Thechildrenclimbedupthehill,___theypicnicked.A.onitstopB.onthetopofitC.onwhosetopD.onthetopofthat33.Jim,agoodfriendofmine,sentmeabeautifulcard,___waswritten“MerryChristmas”.A.whereB.onwhi