高考英語語法專項講義：主謂一致難點精講

高考英語語法專項講義：主謂一致難點精講簡明概述：主謂一致即主語與謂語在語法單復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。本章節(jié)重點羅列了高考中經(jīng)常會考到且常出現(xiàn)的幾種易錯難點以供大家參考、復(fù)習(xí)。以“s”結(jié)尾的書名、雜志名、國家名、組織名，雖然字面上是“復(fù)數(shù)”形式，但其實只能作為一個獨立的個/整體。所以作主語時，謂語動詞要為單數(shù)。典型例句：TheUnitedStates

has

50states.TheForbes（《福布斯》雜志）was

foundedin1917.TheUnitedNations

has

takenstepsto

ameliorate

thissituation.并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語例句對比：Studying

and

working

are

bothindispensable

and

shouldbebalancedevenly.（當A和B分別指兩個不同概念的時候，謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)）Thediplomat

and

universityprofessor

has

taughtmealot.（當A和B由and連接，A前有“the”，B前卻無定冠詞時，兩者表示指代的為同一人或事物，謂語需用單數(shù)）就近原則：Therebe“Therebe”中“be”的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于最靠近它的名詞。比較例句：There

are

two

tables,onechairleftinthatclassroom.There

is

one

chair

and

twotablesleftinthatclassroom.There

is

one

ortwothings

I’d

liketosharewithyounow.就近原則：either…or…;neither…nor…;AorB;連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由最靠近它的主語決定對比例句：Eitheryouor

thatboy

is

tobepunished.Neitherthatboynor

you

are

tobepunished.就近原則：notonly…butalso…對比例句：Notonlyyoubutalso

thatgirl

wants

thetoy.Notonlyyoubutalso

I

am

keenonjazzmusic.就近原則：Here…對比例句：Here

is

onepen

and

twodrawingsonthedesk.Here

are

twodrawings

and

onepenonthedesk.就近原則：not…but…

“不是……而是……”例句：Notthesubjectteacherbut

the

colorful

textbooks

whet

myappetiteformorestudy.謂語單數(shù)：noneof+可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+V單neitherof+可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+V單eitherof+可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+V單注：在口語中有時上述三種情況也可以用V復(fù)（但只是在后跟可數(shù)名詞的時候），但是考點大部分是以考查V單為重點總結(jié)：noneof+可數(shù)名詞+V單/復(fù)neitherof+可數(shù)名詞+V單/復(fù)eitherof+可數(shù)名詞+V單/復(fù)例句：Noneof

rice

is

tobewasted.Neitherof

thetwohotels

boasts/boast

aswimmingpool.Eitherof

you

takes/take

theresponsibilitytocleantheoven.就遠原則：with,alongwith,togetherwith,like,except,but,morethan,nolessthan,aswellas,inadditionto,asmuchas,ratherthan,etc.例句：Herbody

exceptherfeet

has

beenrecoveredfromtheaccident.Thetwoboys

ratherthanthatgirl

were

giving

aninstrumentalperformance

justnow.Agoodattitude

togetherwithsuperior

English-speakingskills

leads

tothesuccessofthe

competition.Experiencedhealth-careprofessionals

inadditiontostate-of-the-artfacilities

guarantee

thehigh

quality

ofthehospital.謂語單數(shù)：主語由every,each,some,no,any,noone,one,thing等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞例句：Each

ofus

enjoys

thefashionshow.Hefeltthat

something

strange

was

leaningtowardshim.謂語單數(shù)：表示距離，金錢，時間，度量的復(fù)合名詞作主語時，通常把這些名詞看做一個整體，因此謂語要用單數(shù)形式例句：Another

twohours

is

enoughtogetfullypreparedforthecontest.Two

centimeters

was

permittedforaverageerrorofmanufacturingthiskindofmachineinancienttimes.看具體情況而定：如果名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同型，就要根據(jù)語境中的實際意義及修飾這些詞的詞來確定其謂語形式。這些詞如：aircraft,species,series,deer,fish,sheep,headquarters,means,etc.例句：Many

possible

means

have

beentriedtosettlethedispute.Each

aircraft

is

equippedwiththemostadvancedtechnology.（根據(jù)所修飾的詞each來判斷）Sheep

are

raised

fortheirwoolandmeat.（按語境中的含義）看具體情況而定：some,all,most,any,half,enough,therest,theremainder,etc.和疑問代詞what,who,which,whatever,whoever,whichever,etc.的謂語單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的含義來決定。例句：Who

are

shoutingthere?Whatever

was

thematter?Sixstudentswentabroadforfurthereducationfromthekeyhighschool,but

most

are

juniorstudents.Riceflourisoneoftheingredientstomakethecakeand

most

is

cheap.看具體情況而定：集合名詞的謂語單復(fù)數(shù)要根據(jù)所代表的含義來決定。這些詞有：family,audience,crew,crowd,class,company,committee,army,club,couple,enemy,group,government,jury,party,personnel,staff,team,union,etc.當它們表示一個整體的概念時，謂語用單數(shù)形式；當表示集體中的每一個成員時，謂語則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例句：Her

family

are

happytohelpothers.（她家庭中的每一個成員）The

jury

is

madeupoftwelvepeople.（陪審團作為一個整體的概念）謂語復(fù)數(shù)：集合名詞people,police,cattle,poultry,folk,youth在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例句：The

police

are

onthescene（在現(xiàn)場）.People

lead

asafe

and

happylifeinCanadaduetosoundlaw

and

order.謂語單數(shù)：thenumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+V單anamountof+不可數(shù)名詞+V單aquantityof+不可數(shù)名詞+V單謂語復(fù)數(shù)：anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+V復(fù)amountsof+不可數(shù)名詞+V復(fù)quantitiesof+不可數(shù)名詞+V復(fù)就近原則：halfof,partof,mostof,aportionof等詞的謂語單復(fù)數(shù)通常與of后面的名/代詞保持一致。例句：Aportionof

seafood

was

reservedforhim.Mostof

teenagers

tend

tospendmoneylikewater.Partof

hertime

is

preparedfortakingcareofherchildren.謂語單數(shù)：Manya+名詞單數(shù)+V單例句：Many

apage

ofthedictionary

has

curledupfromconstant

and

neglectfuluse.謂語單數(shù)：Morethanone+名詞單數(shù)+V單例句：There

is

morethan

oneoil-producingcountry

threateningtocutoffsuppliestoJapan.Morethan

onechapter

is

broughttoourattentionwhenitcomestoAfrican

literature.謂語復(fù)數(shù)：以“s”結(jié)尾表示群島，瀑布，山脈等專有名詞的謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例句：TheAlps（阿爾卑斯山脈）provide

aperfectscenery.謂語復(fù)數(shù)：在表示姓氏的專有名詞前加the，詞尾加-s，表示一家人時，謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)例句：TheSmiths

are

veryniceandwilltakecareofmydogwhen

I

spendmyholidaysinforeigncountries.謂語單數(shù)：以“-ics”結(jié)尾的表示學(xué)科或疾病的名詞作主語時，謂語要用單數(shù)。這些詞如：linguistics,politics,mathematics,

statistics,optics,economics,physics,electronics,acoustics,mumps（腮腺炎）,measles（麻疹）,etc.注：如果這些名詞表示的是具體的觀點、數(shù)據(jù)、實踐活動或性能現(xiàn)象時，謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)。對比例句：Measles

is

knownas

aninfectiousillness.Politics

is

asubject.（政治學(xué)）His

politics

pointout

thathewillhavetouseforcein

theworst-casescenario.（政治觀點）Statistics

is

oneofmymajorsinuniversity.（統(tǒng)計學(xué)）Statistics

show

thatthenumberofhomelesspeopleisincreasinglyexpandinginthisregion.（統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)）謂語復(fù)數(shù)：the+(a.)指代一類人例句：Theold

need

morefreepublichealth-careservicesprovidedfromtheadministration.注：但是當根據(jù)上下文語境，the+(a.)指個人時，謂語要用單數(shù)形式例句：Theaccused

was

sentencedto

fourteenyears

ofimprisonment.謂語單數(shù)：the+(a.)表示某類事物例句：Thebeautiful

makes

usfeelbetterwheninthefaceofpressure.謂語單數(shù)：動名詞和不定式由“and”連接，指同一概念或事情時，謂語用單數(shù)；若指不同概念的兩件事時，則用復(fù)數(shù)例句：Weeping

and

wailing

is

uselesstosolveanyproblems.Readingdetectivenovels

and

playingthepiano

are

my

favorite

hobbies.謂語復(fù)數(shù)：分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+of+N復(fù)

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V復(fù)