2023年職稱英語考試詞匯練習題集三份職稱英語系列材料匯編

職稱英語考試閱讀理解練習題集（五份）（全國專業(yè)技術人員職稱英語考試輔導材料匯編）下面有5篇短文，每篇短文后有5個問題，每個問題均有4個備選答案。請仔細閱讀短文，并根據(jù)短文回答背面旳問題，從事個備選答案中選擇一種最佳答案。第一篇AStrangeFlightWewerelateasusual.Myhusbandhadinsistedonwateringtheflowersinthegardenbyhimself,andwhenhediscoveredthathecouldn'tmanage,heaskedmeforhelpatthelastmoment.Sonowwehadanhourtogettotheairport.Luckily,therewerenotmanycarsorbusesontheroadandwewereabletogettherejustintime.Wecheckedinandwentstraighttoabighalltowaitforflighttobecalled.Wewaitedandwaited,butnoannouncementwasmade.Weaskedforinformationandthegirltheretoldusthattheplanehadn'tevenarrivedyet.Intheend,therewasanotherannouncementtellingusthatpassengerswaitingforFlightLJ108couldgetafreemealvoucher(憑單)andthattheplanehadn'tleftSpainfortechnicalproblems.Wethoughtthatmeantthatifwasn'tsafefortheplanetofly.Wewaitedagainforalongtimeuntillateeveningwhenwewereaskedtoreportagain.Thistimeweweregivenvoucherstospendthenightinanearbyhotel.Thenextmorningafterabadnightbecauseofalltheplanestakingoffandlanding,wewerereportedbacktotheairport.Guesswhathadhappenedwhilewewereasleep!Ourplanehadarrivedandtakenoffagain.Alltheotherpassengershadbeenforgotten.Youcanimaginehowwefelt!1.TheplanethewriterandherhusbandwouldtakeAcamefromSpainBpassedbySpainCwasgoingtoSpainDhadgonetoSpain2.TheplanewasdelayedAbyethebadweather.Bbythepassengers.CbecauseofmanycarsonroadDbecausesomethingwaswrongwiththemachine.3.Theywereinabighall,waitingforAthegirltogivetheminformation.Btheirflighttobeannounced.Cthefreemealvoucher.Dotherpassengerstoarrive.4.ThepassengersweregivenafreemealbecauseAtheyarrivedattheairportearly.Btheyhadn'thadamealyet.Ctheyhadnomoneywiththem.Dtheirplanewasdelayed.5.TheplanetookoffagainAassoonasithadarrived.Bafterallthepassengerswerewokenup.CwhilethepassengersweresleepingDearlythenextmorning.第二篇HairCareWhetherthehairislongorshort,itmustberegularlybrushed（梳）andregularlywashed.Forgreasy（油性旳）hair,especiallyiftheownerlivesinatown,itmaybenecessarytowashtheheadeveryfourtofivedays.Thosewithadryhaircanusuallygoalittlelonger,butthisisamatterfortheindividualtodecide.Ifawomanisnotabletogotohairdresserveryoften,itisimportantthatshechoosesastyleshecaneasilymanageforherself,andthisnearlyalwaysmeansthatthefirstcutmustbeverystandard.Thesameappliestopermanent（永久旳）waving.Idelay,thisshouldbecarriedoutthreeorfourtimesayear,sothatthehairnevergetsoutofhand.Onethingwouldberememberedthough,thatis,whateveryouapplytotheheadcanhavesomeeffectupontheskinandthereforeanythingstrongshouldbeusedwithcare.Oryoumayusemilderproducts.Asforstyle,thismustbestudiedaccordingtowhatisthelatestfashionandalsotosuittheindividualatdifferenttimesofherlife.Youngpeoplewhohasspotsorskintroublesontheirface,shouldtakeparticularcaretoensurethatthehairisbothcleananddoesnotcomeintocontactwiththeaffectedpieceofskin.Hairisverydifficulttokeepcompletelycleanandthereforeanyonerunningtheirhandsthroughtheirhairandafterwardstouchingtheirface,orlettingtheirhairfallovertheirfaces,mightspreadinfectionfromoneplacetoanother.Goodhairdoesalottotheeffectofaface,soifyouwanttolookcharming,pleasestartwithyourhair.6.Accordingtothetext,themostbasicthingtodoinhaircareisAtogotohairdressersveryoftenBtochoosemilderproductsforthehair.Ctowashandbrushthehairregularly.Dtokeepthehairawayfromtheskintrouble7.ThebesthairstylecanbeachievedbyAhavingthehairdonethreeorfourtimesayear.Bfollowingthelatestfashiontosuitone'sage.Cnotcombingthehairwithhand.Dnotapplyinganythingstrongtothehead.8.ThethingyouwashyourhairwithmustbeAusedwithcare.Bverystrong.Cextremelymild.Dfashionable9.Topreventthehairfrominfectingtheskin,we'dbetterAkeepthehaircompletelyclean.Bwashthehairveryoften.Chavehaircutfourtimesayear.Davoidcombingthehairwithourhands.10."Thosewithadryhaircanusuallygoalittlelonger"meansifyourhairisdryAyoucanwalklinger.Byourhaircangrowlonger.Cyoudon'thavetowashitsooften.Dyoucangrowtaller.第三篇TheGeneIndustryMajorcompaniesarealreadyinpursuitofcommercialapplicationsofthenewbiology.Theydreamofplacingnxymse（酶）intheautomobiletomonitorexhaustnadsenddataompollutiontoamicroprocessorthatwillthenadjusttheengine.theyspeakofwhattheNewYorkTimecalls"metal-hungrymicrobse（微生物）thatmightbeusedtominevaluabletracemetalsfromoceanwater".Theyhavealreadydemandedandwontherighttopatentnewliteforms.Nervouscritics,includingmanyscientists,worrythatthereifcorporate,national,international,andinter-scientificrivalryintheentirebiotechnologicalfield.Theycreateimagesnotofoilspills(溢出）,butof"microbespills"thatcouldspreaddiseaseanddestroyentirepopulations,Thecreationandaccidentalreleaseofextremelypoisonousmicrobes,however,ifonlyonecauseforalarm.Completelyrationalandrespectablescientistsaretalkingaboutpossibilitiesthatstaggertheimagination.Shouldwebreedpeoplewithcow-likestomachssotheycandigestgrassandhay,therebyrelievingthefoodproblembymodifyingustoeatlowerdownonthefodchain?shouldwebiologicallyalterworkerstofitthejobrequierement,forexample,creatingpilotswithfasterreactiontimesorassemblylineworkersdesignedtodoourmonotonousworkforus?Shouldweattempttoeliminate"inferior"peopleandbreeda"super-race"?(Hitlertriedthis,butwithoutthegeneticweaponrythatmaysoomissueformourfighiting?Shouldweusegeneticforecastingtopreeliminate"unfit"babies?Shouldwegrowreserveorgansforourselves,eachofushaving,asitwere,a"savingsbank"fullofsparekidney,livers,orhands?Wildasthsesnotionsmaysound,everyonehasitdadvocates(andopposers)inthescientificcommunityaswellasitsstrikingcommercialapplication.Astwocriticsofgeneticengineering,JeremyRifkinandTedHoward,stateintheirbookWhoShouldPlayGod?"BroadscalegeneticengineeringwillprobablybeintroducedtoAmericamuchthesamewaysaassemblylines,automobiles,vaccines,computersandalltheothertechnologies.Aseachnewgeneticadvanceb***mescommerciallypractical,anewconsumerneedwillbeexploitdeandamarketforthenewtechnologywillbecreated."11.Accordingtothepassage,thenewbiologycouldpotentiallysolvethepollutionproblemofautomobilesbyAusingmetal-bungrymicrobes.Bmakinguseofenzymes.Cadjustingtheengines.Dpatentingnewlifeforms.12.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablyworrythecriticsofthefollowingwouldmostprobablyworrythecriticsofthenewbiology?AThemicrobesintheoceanwarter.BThecreationandapplicationofbiologicalsolarcellsCTheaccidentaloilspills.DTheunexpectedreleaseofdestructivemicrbes.13.WhichofthefollowingpossibilitiesofthebiotechnologicalapplicationsisNOTmentionedinthethirdparagraph?ADevelopingasavingsbankofone"sorangs.BBreedingsoldiersforawar.CProducingpeoplewithcow-likestomachs.DUsinggeneticforecastingtocurtdiseases.14.Accordingtothepassage,HitlerhadattemptedtoAbiologicallychangethepilotstowinthewar.Bdevelopgeneticfarmingforincreasingthefoodsupply.Ckillthepeoplehethoughtofasbeinginferior.Dencouragethedevelopmentofgeneticweaponsforthewar.15.WhatistheimplicationofthesratementofJeremyRifkinandTedHoward?AThecommercialapplicationsofgeneticengineeringareinevitable.BLarge-scalegeneticengineeringhasoccurredintheUntiedStates.CAmericansareproudoftheircomputers,automobilesandgenetictechnologies.DThepotentialapplicationofeachnewgeneticadvanceshouldbecontrolled.第四篇PerfectCompetitionPerfectcompetitionexistsinanindustrythatcontainsmanyrelativelysamllfirmsproducingidenticalproducts.Themostimporthantcharacteristic(特性)ofaperfectlycompetitiveindustryifthatnosinglefirmhasanycontroloverprices.Thisimportantcharacteristicfollowsfromtwoassumptions(假設).First,acompetitiveindustryiscomposedofmanyfirms,eachbeingverysamllrelativetothesizeoftheindustry.S***nd,everyfirminaperfectlycompetitiveindustryproducseexactlythesameproduct.Firmsinperfectlycompetitiveindustriesdonotdifferentiate(辨別)theirproducts,nordotheymakedecisionsaboutprice.Rather,eachfirmtakespricesasgiven-thatis,asdeterminedinthemarketbythelawsofsupplyanddemand-anddecidesolnyhowmuchtoproduceandhowtoproduceit.Giventheavailability(可得性)ofperfectsubstitutes,anyproductpricedoverthemarketpricewillnotbesold.Inperfectcompetitionwealsoassumethatfirmscanfreelyenterandexittheindustry.Theassumptionoffreeentryimpliesthatiffirmsinanindustryareearningexcessivelyhighprofits,newfirmsthatseektodothesamethingarelikelytospringup.Fastfoodrestaurantsarequicktospringupwhenanewshoppingcenteropens.Whereprofitopportunitiespresentthemselves,weassumethatfirmssillenterandcompeteforthem.Freeexitispossiblewhenfirmscansimplystopproducingtheirproductsandleaveamarket.Generallyspeaking,afirmclosesdowmbecauseitissufferinglossesorbecauseprofitsareinsufficient.NewEnglandtextileandfurnitureproductsfoundthemselvesfacingincreasingforeigncompetition,aswellaslowerproductioncostsintheSouth.Whilesomefirmspackedupandmoved,otherssimplygotoutofthebusinessaltogether.16.Whichofthefollowingisnotafeatureofperfectcompetitionaccordingtothepassage?AThefirmsinvolvedaresmallcomparedtothesizeoftheindustry.BThefirmsinvolvedproducegoodsofthesamekind.CThesizeoftheindustryisususllyverysamll.DThepriceoftheproductsisdeterimnedbythemarket.17.Inaperfectlycompetitiveindustry,thepriceisdecidedbyAsomeleadingfirmsinthisbusiness.Btherulesofsupplyanddemand.Canassociationofthebusiness.Dthecentralgovernment.18.Ifafirmsellsitsproductsatapricehigherthanthatofthemarket,consumerswillAbuygoodsofthesamekindproducedbyothercompanies.Bstopbuyingthistypeofproductsaltogether.Cuseanlthertypeofgoodsassubstitutes.Dcontinuetobuyitsproductsbecausroftheirgoodquality.19.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthormentions"fastfoodrestaurants"toshowAtherapidemergenceofnewindustriesindowntownareas.Btheprosperityofserviceindusriesinbackwardcountries.Cpeople"senthusiasmforshopping.Dbusinessmen"sinterestinhigh-profitindustries.20.Whatisthemostimportantreasonforacompanytoquitabusiness?ASomeotherfirmsaremakingmoremoney.BThereistoomuchcompetitioninthisindustry.CItisnotmakingadequateprofit.DForeignproductshavegotcontrolofthemarket.第五篇AtWarwithaGiantThenultinationalcorporationMcDonald"s,whichhasaglobalempireofabout14,000restaurantsin70conutriesandmakesover6billionpoundsayear,isintheprocessofsuingtwopennilessandunemployedBritishenvironmentalactivists(活動分子).ItisaccusingDavidMorris,aformerpostman,andHelenSteel,aformergardener,ofdistributingaleafletinthe80sthatishighlycriticalofthecompany"senvironmentalr***r,thetreatmentofitsworkersandthenutritionalqualityofitsfood.McDonald"sdeniesalltheallegations(斷言).WhenMcDonald"slauncheditsfirstattackonthecouplein1990,itprobablyexpectedthemtobackdown.Buttheydidnot.ForMorrisandSteelthetrialisanopportunitytobroadcasttheirallegationsagainstMcDonald"stotheworld.Andtheyhavenothingtolose.Theyhavenomoneyorproperty,sothatevenifMcDonald"sdoeswin,thehamburgershainwillnotbeabletor***veranyofthecostsofthecasefromtherwoactivists.ThetrialwasoriginallyscheduledtolastthreewddksbutitcelebrateditsfirstyearinJune1995andisexpectedtogoonuntilatleastJanuary1996.HelenSteelexplainedwhytheytookonthisbattleagainstthecorporationgiant:"Wefeltthatreallywehadnooptionbuttofightthiscase.It"simportanttodefendfreedomofspeechandtheprblic"srighttocriticizethebusinesspracticesofhugemultinationalcompanies."ThecoupleishelpedbyDanMills,aformerlawyer,whosays:"wearegettingsupportfromallroundthecountryandallroundtheworld.Peoplearesendinginlettersandmessageofsupport.Andalsowearegettingdonationsformpeopleallovertheworld."Thereisstillnoendinsightforthetrial.IfSteelandMorriswin,thereputationofMcDonald"smayneverbethesameagain.21.ThemultinationalcorporatiomMcDonald"ssuedtheBritishcouplebecause.AMcDonald"sconsideredthatnoneoftheallegationstheymadewasreal.BTheyhad