初中階段不定式總結(jié)及習(xí)題及答案

初中階段不定式總結(jié)及

習(xí)題及答案-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN

unit1-3語(yǔ)法-不定式todo.不定式的基本形式與結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞不定式指通常由to加上動(dòng)詞原形（如towrite）所構(gòu)成的一種動(dòng)詞形式，但在有些情況下to可以省略。所有的主動(dòng)詞，不論是及物動(dòng)詞還是不及物動(dòng)詞，都有不定式形式。沒(méi)有不定式形式。動(dòng)詞不定式在語(yǔ)法功能上可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。.不定式的用法1）不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ).TegetcontactwithhisfamilyinTaiwanmadehimextremelyhappysincetheyseparatedmorethan40yearsago..Tofinishthattaskinsuchashorttimeisreallyachallenge.在上述情況下，如果不定式較長(zhǎng)，顯得頭重腳輕，則可由代詞讓作形式主語(yǔ)（形式主語(yǔ)it不可由that或this等其他代詞代替），而將不定式放到后面。如：1.ItmadehimextremelyhappytogetcontactwithhisfamilyinTaiwansincetheyseparatedmorethan40yearsago..Johnadmittedthatitisalwaysdifficultforhimtobeontime.不定式結(jié)構(gòu)所表示的動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的，即不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，通?？梢酝ㄟ^(guò)forsb.todosth.結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)：如：1.Itisquiteimportantforustoreadgoodbooksduringageneralreview..Itisnotdifficultfotthosetalentedstudentstopasstheexam.在某些形容詞（如careless,clever,considerate,foolish,good,impolite,kind,naughty,nice,silly,stupid等）作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式后可以加of來(lái)引導(dǎo)出其邏輯主語(yǔ)：1.Itisverykindofyoutotellmethetruth.2.Itisstupidofhimtodosuchasillything.2）不定式作賓語(yǔ)不定式作賓語(yǔ)有兩種：一種是及物動(dòng)詞后直接跟帶to的不定式，另一種是“及物動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)詞+帶to的不定式。及物動(dòng)詞+帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)：只能跟動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)詞，常見(jiàn)的有：afford,agree,aim,appear,ask,believe,care,claim,decidedemand,desire,determine,expect,fail,happen,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,long,manage,offer,pretend,promise,prepare,refuse,seek,swear,undertake,want,wish等。.Hemanagedtosolvethecomplicatedproblem..Thestrangerofferedtoshowmetheway..Mr.SmithundertooktobuildanewplantinSouthAfrica.動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)代（副）詞+不定式：這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有advise,decide,findout,forget,inquire,know,learn,see,regard初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)，remember,teach,tell,understand,wonder等。常見(jiàn)的疑問(wèn)代（副）詞有：what,when,where,which,how,whether等。.Hedoesnotknowwhentostart..Youcandecidewhethertocontinueortostop..Iwillshowyouhowtodealwithit.有時(shí)，不定式可由it代替，而把不定式放到后面去。這可以用這一結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá):動(dòng)詞（如find，think，consider，feel等）+it+形容詞+不定式。.Sheconsidersitnecessarytomakefriendswithhim.2.Wefinditdifficulttofinishallthehomeworkbefore9o'clock.3）不定式做表語(yǔ)一種情況為主語(yǔ)是不定式（表示條件）；表語(yǔ)是不定式（表示結(jié)果）：.Toseeistobelieve..Toworkmeanstoearnaliving.另一種情況為主語(yǔ)是以aim,duty,hope,idea,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等名詞為中心的短語(yǔ)，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，不定式表語(yǔ)對(duì)主語(yǔ)起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用：；例如：.Hisaimistostudyabroadinthenearfuture..Themostimportantthingistonegotiatewiththemabouttheprice..WhatIwanttosayistoforgetalltheunhappyexperience.4）不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作名詞詞組修飾語(yǔ)主要有三種類(lèi)型：第一種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。例如：.Therewasreallynothingtofear..Hegavemeaninterestingbooktoread.如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面就得加相應(yīng)的介詞。例如:.Maryneedsafriendtoplaywith..Thatgirlhasnothingtoworryabout..Theyhaveastrictteachertolistento..Althoughthefilmhadbeenonfortenminutes,Istillwasnotabletofindachairtositon.第二種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)；例如：.Haveyougotakeytounlockthedoor?.Theactiontobetakeniscorrect..Thereisnothingtobegainedbypretending.第三種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的同位結(jié)構(gòu)。這類(lèi)名詞通常是表示企圖、努力、傾向、目的、愿望、is算、能力、意向等意義的名詞：ability,attempt,effort,impulse,inclination,wish等。例如：1.Herdaughterwillmakeanevenbiggerefforttopleaseher.2.Ihavenowishtoquarrelwithyou.3.NeitherofthemhadanyinclinationtodobusinesswithMary.5）不定式作狀語(yǔ)不定式結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語(yǔ)通常都能轉(zhuǎn)換為限制性狀語(yǔ)從句。例如作原因狀語(yǔ)：.Theyarequitesurprisedtoseethegreatchangestakingplaceinthearea..Theyarequitesurprisedbecausetheyseethegreatchangestakingplaceinthearea..Hewasluckytoarrivebeforedark..Hewasluckybecausehearrivedbeforedark.作目的狀語(yǔ)：.Sheraisedhervoicetobehearedbetter..Sheraisedhervoicesothatshecouldheardbetter..WewentviaHeidelbergtomissthetrafficjam..WewentviaHeidelbergsothatwecouldmissthetrafficjam.作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)：.TheFrenchfootballteamplayedsosuccessfullyastodefeattheBrazilians..TheFrenchfootballteamplayedsosuccessfullythattheyevendefeatedtheBrazilians..Hegottothestationonlytobetoldthetrainhadgone..Hegottothestationandwastoldthatthetrainhadgone.不帶to的不定式的使用動(dòng)詞不定式通常帶to,但在有些搭配中不帶to,在另一些搭配中可帶to可不帶to。歸納起來(lái)，以下情況下使用不帶to不定式：在can/could,/may/might,will/would,shall/should,must,need,dare等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。2)在表示感覺(jué)意義的動(dòng)詞，如see初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)，feel,watch,notice,smell,hear,observe等后，或是表示"致使”意義的動(dòng)詞，如have,let,make等后，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。例如：oftenheardhimsaythathewouldstudyhard.musthavehimseehisownmistakes.但是，當(dāng)這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，后面的不帶to不定式一般轉(zhuǎn)換為帶to不定式。例如：.Hewasoftenheardtosaythathewouldstudyhard..Afterhehadfinishedspeaking,hewasmadetoanswerinnumerablequestions.3)在動(dòng)詞help之后可用不帶to的不定式，也可用帶to的不定式。例如：l.Helptheoldlady(to)carrytheheavybox.)在hadbetter,wouldrather,may/mightaswell,ratherthan,cannotbut等搭配之后初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)，動(dòng)詞不定式也不帶to。例如：l.Unlessyoufeeltoilltogoout,Iwouldrathernotstayathometonight..Shecouldnotbutcriticizehisfoolishbehaviour.5)在makedo,makebelieve,letdrop,letfall,letfly,letslip,letdrive,letgooff,hearsay,heartell,leavegoof等固定搭配中，用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。例如：.Theyletgooftherope.他們松開(kāi)了繩子。.Johnletflyatorrentofabuseatme.約翰朝我痛罵了一頓。3.I'veheardtellofhim.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)他。4.Someofthefacultywereletgoforlackofthestudents.由于生源不足，一些教職員工被解雇了。6）在介詞but初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)，except之后，如果其前有動(dòng)詞do的某種形式，其后不定式一般不帶to,反之則必須帶to,表示“不得不，只能“。例如：.Hewilldoanythingexceptworkonthefarm..Therewasnothingleftfortheenemytodobutsurrender..Thespywasbothhungryandcold；therewasnothingleftforhimbuttogivein..Ihadnochoicebuttowaittillitstoppedraining.下面一些短語(yǔ)是固定搭配，不帶to：cannothelpbut,cannotchoosebut,cannotbut,donothingbut,havenothingtodobut。例如：Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.如果上述句中有do,to省略：IdidnothingbutwatchTVlastnight.如果是下面一個(gè)固定搭配，就帶to：Ihavenochoicebuttogiveupmyidea.7）緊跟在亞卜丫或whynot之后的動(dòng)詞不定式總是不帶to。但是，緊跟在who,what,which,whether等連接詞后的不定式帶to。例如：Whystandupifyoucansitdown?Whynotaskyourteacherwhenyoudon,tunderstandthemeaning?Youneedn,tdecideyetwhethertostudyartsorscience.4.不定式的否定形式否定形式是在不定式的標(biāo)志to前加not。例如：decidednottoaskhimagain.2.Pleaseremembernottoleavethelightsonwhenyouareout.動(dòng)詞不定式練習(xí)一.根據(jù)上句意思完成下句，使兩句意思相近或相同，每空一詞。Hewassoangrythathecouldn'tsayanything.Hewastooangryanything.Idon'tknowwhenwewillhavethemeeting.Idon'tknowwhenthemeeting.Hesaidhewouldwritealetter.Hesaidhewouldhavealetter.ThatyoureadEnglishinthemorningisveryimportant.ItisveryimportantyouEnglishinthemorning.Hewassostrongthathecouldliftthestone.（石頭）Hewasstrongthestone.HisfatherwenttoBeijingforhisholiday.HisfatherwenttoBeijinghisholiday.Theygotupearlysothattheycouldgetthereintime.Theygotupearly thereintime.Hisbrotherdecidedthathewouldbuythebook.Hisbrotherdecidedthebook.HehopesthathecanvisittheGreatWall.HehopestheGreatWall.Isawhimgointotheroom.Hewasseenintotheroom..Wemadehimworkfivehoursaday.Hewasmadefivehoursaday..Doyouwanttosayanythingforyourself?Doyouhaveanythingforyourself?.Wedon'tknowwhatweshalldonext.Wedon'tknowwhatnext..I’mverysorryonhearingthebadnews.I'mverysorrythebadnews..Hestoppedandhadalookatme.Hestoppedalookatme..IhelpedhimwithhisEnglish.IhelpedhimEnglish..Myfatherpromised（許諾）thathewouldbuymeabike.Myfatherpromisedmeabike..TheboxissoheavythatIcan'tcarryit.Theboxistooheavyme..“Liedown!”theboysaidtohisdog.Theboyorderedhisdogdown..“Don'tmakeanynoise,”shesaidtome.Shetoldmeanynoise.二.單選：Thiscompanywasthefirstportableradiosaswellascassettetaperecordersintheworld.A.producingB.toproduceC.havingproducedD.producedThepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,itmoredifficult.A.notmakingB.notmakeC .not tomakeD.nor to makeHelenhadtoshoutabove thesoundof themusic .A.makingherselfhear B.to make herself hearC.makingherselfheard D.to make herself heardIdon'tknowwhetheryouhappen,butIamgoingtostudyintheU.S.AthisSeptember.A.tobeheard.B.tobebearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard5.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,onlythefilmstarshadleft.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.toldYouweresillynotyourcar.A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglockedTheteacheraskedussomuchnoise.A.don'tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomakeAnarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenorderedclearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.A.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissuedD.tobeissuedI’dratherhavearoomofmyown,howeversmallitis,thanaroomwithsomeoneelse.A.toshare B.tohaveshared C.shareD.sharingThebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaperinbroaddaylightyesterday.A.robbedB.tohavebeenrobbedC.beingrobbedD.havingbeenrobbedAnumberofpaintingsinthecastlearebelievedinafire.A.beingdestroyed B.havingbeendestroyedC.tobedestroyed D.tohavebeendestroyedThemeetingnextweekissuretobeagreatsuccess.A.totakeplace B.tobetakenplaceC.tohavetakenplace D.beingtakenplaceAsaresultofmylaziness,Ifailedmyworkintime.A.andfinishedB.tofinish C.andfinishingD.tofinishedIamsorrywrittenyoualetteratthetime.A.tohavenot B.tonothave C.nottohave D.nothavingWillyoulendhimamagazineA.tobereadB.forreadingC.toread D.hereadHecoulddonothingbutforthebus.A.wait,tocomeB.wait;comeC.waiting;comingD.waited;came.Itisaproblemthatdoesn,tneedrightnow.A.tosolveB.solving C.beingsolvedD.tobesolvingThere'samanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsveryangryandIthinkhemeanstrouble.A.makingB.tomakeC.tohavemadeD.havingmadeIrememberhimthebikeneeded.A.hearing,saying,torepair B.tohear,say,torepairC.hearing,say,repairing D.tohear,saying,toberepaired Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft. Imeant,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn'tfindheranywhere.A.todoB.to C.doingD.doingsoRobertissaidtoabroad,butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyB.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudyingI’mgongtoXi'annextweek.Haveyouanythingtoyourparents?A.totakeB.tobetakenC.tobeboughttoD.tobuywhenaretheyintheirplan?A.hand B.handedC.tohand D.giveInsuchdryweather,theflowerswillhavetobewaterediftheyA.havesurvivedB.aretosurvive C.wouldsurvivedD.willsurviveWhenwehurriedtothestation,therehappenednobusatthattime.A.tohaveB.tobeC.having D.beingIlostmywayincompletedarknessand,mattersworse,itbegantorain.A.madeB.havingmadeC.makingD.tomakeAttimedoesthesalesgirlgetuplateinthemorning,thoughsheisalwaystoobusyagoodrest.A.no,totakeB.no,takingC.any,totakeD.one,taking28.--Areyouastudent? --No,butIused.A.tobeB.towas C.todo D.tobeaIstoppedtolisten,andmysonseemedhimselfinthelivingroom.A.toenjoy,toshut B.tobeenjoying,shuttingC.tobeenjoying,shut D.tohaveenjoyed,havingshutWithalotofdifficultproblems,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettle D.beingsettledWe'releavingatsixo'clock,andhopemostofthejourneybylunchtime.A.todoB.tohavedoneC.tomakeD.tohavemade32.ThestudyofthewildworldmayhelptomaketheworldeasierA.understoodB.tobeunderstoodC.tounderstandD.understand33.Whowillyougettheprojectforus?A.designB.todesignC.designedD.designing34.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknow.A.itwhattodowith B.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithit D.todowhatwithitWearenotallowedoutdoorswithsomeotherchildren.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.toplayD.beplayingAllenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwastocarryallthewayhome.A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuchShefeelssostronglythateachofusshouldhavearoleinmakingtheearthabetterplacetolivein.A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplayingWhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidthatGeorgewastheperson.A.tosendB.forsendingitC.tosendittoD.forsendingittoDoletyourmotherknowallthetruth,sheappearseverything.A.totellB.tobetold C.tobetellingD.tohavebeentoldTherearefivepairs,butI'matalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosingTheproblemisdifficultforus.A.so;workout B.verytoo;tobeworkedoutC.rathertoo,toworkout D.quitetoo,toworkitoutWhereshouldImyapplication? Thepersonnelofficeistheplace.A.send;tosendit B.sendfor;tosendittoC.sendfor;forsendingit D.send;tosendittoI’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhatinmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.expectsD.tobeexpecting44.Ifeelitisyourhusbandwhoforthespoiledchild.A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblameC.istobeblamedD.shouldblameCanyouimaginethequestionsIhadourteacher?A.askedB.toaskC.askingD.askWhodidyouthewallyesterday?A.havepaintedB.havepaintC.havetopaintD.havepainting What'sthematterwithJohn? Hedidn'tpassthetestbuthestill.A.hopessoB.hopesto C.hopeitD.hopethatMuchattentionshouldbepaidpeople'slivingconditions.A.inimprovingB.toimproveC.improvingD.toimprovingthateveningwasduetohisillhealth.A.HefailedtocomeB.ThathefailedtocomingC.HisfailuretocomeD.HisfailureincomingIwouldlovetothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone51.Myfamilyconsidersacomputer,whichisconsideredagreathelpinourworkandstudy.A.tobuy;tobeB.buying;being C.tobuy;beingD.buying;tobeWiththeplaneintenminutes,allthepassengersonboardwereaskedtoturnofftheirmobilephones.A.takenoffB.takingoffC.totakeoffD.wouldtakeoffThankyouforallthetroubleyou'vetakenme.A.tohelp B.withtohelpC.inhelpingD.ofhelpingHeisbelievedthecollegeexam,forheisnowstudyingveryhardnow.A.topass B.tohavepassedC.pass D.thathecanpassWillyouhaveanybodytheflowers? Yes,I'llhavetheflowers.A.plant,planted B.toplant,plantedC.plant;tobeplanted D.toplant,plantTheyarelookingforwardwithhopefromyousoon.A.tohearingB.ofhearingC.hearingD.tohearBusytranslatingabook,hecouldn'thelpthearticle.A.writeB.writingC.wroteD.writtenZhouLandoesn'thavetobemade.Shealwaysstudiesveryhard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learningD.learned59.thiscake,you'llneed2eggs,175gsugar,and175gflour.10

A.Havingmade, B,Make C.Tomake D.Making60.Ifeelitanhonour tospeakhere.A.tobeasked B.toask C.havingaskedD.asked61.Heaskedme hereearlier.A.come B.tocomeC.coming D.came62.Pleasetellhim onthewall.A.don'tdraw B.tonotdrawC.nottodraw D.notdraw63.Hewanted acupoftea.A.tohave B.havingC.have D.hadI’dlike awordwithyou.A.had B.havingC.tohave D.have65.Icamehere myuncle.A.saw B.toseeC.seeing D.tobeseenThemanrefused（拒絕） backhiswords.A.totake B.taking C.took D.takesIcanletyou oneticket.A.tohave B.have C.having D.hadWeoftenheardhim inhisroom.A.tosing B.sings C.sang D.singHewasmade dayandnight.A.work B.workingC.towork D.workedHestopped alook,butsawnothing.A.having B.tohaveC.have D.hadMyfatherwastooangry aword.A.tosay B.nottosayC.tosaying D.didn'tsayMybrotherwasoldenough toschool.A.went B.goesC.going D.togoItistime him supper.A.of,tohave B.for,tohaveC.of,having D.for,tohas74.It'sverykind you me.11

B.for,toA.of,tohelpB.for,tohelp C.of,help D.of,helpingIt'simportantourclassroomcleaneveryday.A.kept B.tokeep C.togive D.keepBeforeliberationA.wenttogoHesaidhehadanA.attendattendattend（解放）theyhadnochance

B.goBeforeliberationA.went