中考英語(yǔ)課標(biāo)重點(diǎn)活躍詞匯A字母用法講解

課標(biāo)重點(diǎn)活躍詞匯用法Aa1.a/an/e;?/&/n;?n/art.(用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表示未曾提到的)一(人、事、物)(1)anegg一個(gè)雞蛋(2)anumbrella一把傘(3)agreatwriter一位偉大的作家(4)anEnglishteacher一名英語(yǔ)老師(5)anhonestboy一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的男孩(6)aninterestingstory一個(gè)有趣的故事(7)anexcellentdoctor一位優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生(8)anunusualschooltrip一次不同尋常的學(xué)校旅行(9)aEuropeanuniversity一所歐洲的大學(xué)(10)aneight-year-oldboy一個(gè)八歲的男孩(11)withinhalfanhour半小時(shí)之內(nèi)(12)haveagood/great/wonderfultime玩得開(kāi)心/愉快(13)Whataniceday!天氣真不錯(cuò)!(14)佳句Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.一天一蘋(píng)果，醫(yī)生遠(yuǎn)離我。(15)佳句Romewasnotbuiltinaday.羅馬不是一天建成的。點(diǎn)睛：a用在以輔音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞前，an用在以元音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞前。(△元/輔音音素開(kāi)頭≠元/輔音字母開(kāi)頭，要特別注意a+university/European/useful/usual/uniform;an+hour/honest/honour等。)2.ability/?'bl?ti/n.能力；才能(1)disability反無(wú)能力；殘疾；缺陷(2)languageability語(yǔ)言能力(3)learningability學(xué)習(xí)能力[=theabilitytolearn](4)listening(hearing)/speaking/reading/writingability聽(tīng)/說(shuō)/讀/寫(xiě)能力[=theabilitytolisten(hear)/speak/read/write](5)musicalability音樂(lè)才能(6)have/losetheabilitytodosth.擁有/失去做某事的能力[=be/benotabletodosth.](7)improveyourabilitytodosth.提升你做某事的能力3.able/'ebl/adj.能夠；有能力的(1)unable反不能；不能勝任的(2)disabled形殘疾的；有缺陷的(3)ability名能力；才能(4)beabletodosth.能夠做某事[=havetheabilitytodosth.]5.above/?'b?v/adv.&prep.在(或向)上面；在……上面[不接觸，不一定垂直](1)over近在……上方[垂直](2)below反在……下面(3)aboveall最重要的是；尤其是(4)abovethetree在樹(shù)的上方(5)childrenaged12andabove12歲及以上的兒童(6)8,848metersabovesealevel海拔8848米(7)Put/Raiseupyourhandsabovethehead.將你們的手舉過(guò)頭頂。點(diǎn)睛：aboveone'shead還有“聽(tīng)不懂”之意，指太高深而超過(guò)某人的理解能力。如：Ican'tunderstandwhatyousaid.It'saboveallmyhead.6.abroad/?'br?:d/adj.&adv.在國(guó)外；到國(guó)外(1)study/travelabroad國(guó)外留學(xué)/出國(guó)旅行(2)goabroad(forfurtherstudy)出國(guó)(深造)(3)athomeandabroad國(guó)內(nèi)外4.about/?'ba?t/prep.關(guān)于[后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用其v.-ing形式]adv.大約(1)careabout關(guān)心；在意(2)hearabout聽(tīng)說(shuō)(3)talkabout討論；談?wù)?4)thinkabout思考；思索(5)worryabout擔(dān)心……[=beworriedabout](6)becrazyabout對(duì)……著迷；狂熱愛(ài)好(7)beexcitedabout對(duì)……興奮(8)beabouttodosth.正要做某事(9)benervousabout/of對(duì)……感到不安；害怕[=beafraidof](10)besorryabout對(duì)……感到抱歉(11)What/Howabout(doing)...?(做)……怎么樣?7.absent/'bs?nt/adj.缺席；不在(1)absence名缺席(2)present反在場(chǎng)；出席(3)beabsentfromclass(es)/school/work曠課/工(4)beabsentfromthemeeting缺席會(huì)議(5)beabsentfortwodays缺席兩天8.accept/?k'sept/v.接受；承認(rèn)；收到(1)acceptable形可接受的(2)acceptone'sinvitation/advice(withpleasure)(欣然)接受某人的邀請(qǐng)/建議(3)acceptthefactthat...接受……事實(shí)點(diǎn)睛：accept表示“主觀接受”;receive表示“客觀收到”。如：ShereceivedTom'sgift,butshedidn'tacceptit.9.achieve/?'t?i:v/v.達(dá)到；完成；成功；實(shí)現(xiàn)；獲得；做成(1)achievement名成就；成績(jī)(2)achieveone'sdream實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的夢(mèng)想(3)asenseofachievement成就感(4)佳句Withoutaccumulating,wecanhardlyachieveanything.沒(méi)有積累，我們幾乎一事無(wú)成。[積累]點(diǎn)睛：achieve/realise(及物):主語(yǔ)通常為人，其常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：sb.+achieve/realize+夢(mèng)想/目標(biāo)；realise的主語(yǔ)還可以是物，常用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：夢(mèng)想/目標(biāo)+berealized。cometrue:主語(yǔ)為物，其常用結(jié)構(gòu)為：夢(mèng)想/目標(biāo)+cometrue(不可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))。10.across/?'kr?s;?'kr?s/adv.&prep.過(guò)；穿過(guò)；橫過(guò)；在……對(duì)面(1)comeacross偶然遇到(2)acrossfrom在……對(duì)面(3)go/walkacrosstheroad/street過(guò)馬路(4)swimacrosstheriver游過(guò)河(5)acrossthecountry全國(guó)點(diǎn)睛：across指從表面穿過(guò);through指從立體空間里穿過(guò)(內(nèi)部穿過(guò));over指從上方越過(guò)。11.act/kt/v.扮演；表演；行動(dòng)行為；(戲劇、歌劇或芭蕾舞的)一幕(1)actor/actress名男/女演員(2)active形活躍的；積極的(3)actively副活躍地；積極地(4)action名行為(5)activity名活動(dòng)(6)actout將……表演出來(lái)(7)actas充當(dāng)；起……作用(8)佳句Thinktwicebeforeyouact.三思而后行。12.action/'k?n/n.行動(dòng)[不可數(shù)];行為[可數(shù)，其復(fù)數(shù)形式actions](1)actionmovies/films動(dòng)作影片(2)takeaction(s)todosth.采取行動(dòng)做某事(3)佳句Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.事實(shí)勝于雄辯。13.active/'ktv/adj.積極的；活躍的；主動(dòng)的(1)takeanactivepartin積極參加(2)be/becomeactivein(doing)sth.對(duì)于做某事很積極[=dosth.actively=be/becomeactiveto(do)sth.]14.activity/k'tv?ti/n.活動(dòng)(1)outdoor/after-schoolactivities戶外/課外活動(dòng)(2)volunteer/charityactivities志愿/慈善活動(dòng)15.add/d/v.增加；添加；補(bǔ)充(1)addition名添加；增加物；加法(2)addto增加；添加(3)add...to...把……添加到……里(4)inaddition另外16.advantage/?d'vɑ:ntd;?d'vntd/n.優(yōu)點(diǎn)；優(yōu)勢(shì)；有利條件；有利因素(1)disadvantage反短處；劣勢(shì)；不利(2)theadvantageof...……的好處(3)take(full)advantageof(充分)利用……(4)haveanadvantageover...優(yōu)于……;相比……占優(yōu)勢(shì)(5)...havemanyadvantages/therearemanyadvantagesof...……有很多優(yōu)勢(shì)(6)haveanadvantagein(doing)sth.在(做)……方面有優(yōu)勢(shì)(7)betoone'sadvantage對(duì)某人有利17.advice/?d'vas/n.勸告；建議；意見(jiàn)；忠告(1)advice名建議[不可數(shù)]近suggestion名建議[可數(shù)](2)accept/take/follow/listentoone'sadvice接受/聽(tīng)從某人的建議(3)give/offersb.someadvice給某人一些建議[=give/offersomeadvicetosb.](4)askforadvice(on/about…)尋求(關(guān)于……)的建議(5)twopiecesofadvice兩條建議[=twosuggestions](6)asksb.foradvice向某人尋求建議[=askforsb'sadvice](7)佳句Unpleasantadviceisgoodmedicine.忠言逆耳利于行。[建議]18.advise/?d'vaz/v.勸告；建議；向……提出意見(jiàn)；忠告(1)suggest近建議(2)advisedoingsth.建議做某事(3)advisesb.(not)todosth.建議某人(不要)做某事[=suggestthatsb.should(not)dosth.=suggeststh.forsb.(not)todo](4)advisesb.on/againststh.就某事(不)給某人建議點(diǎn)睛：advise與suggest——①相同點(diǎn)：advise/suggest+n.建議某事/某物；advise/suggest+doingsth.建議做某事；advise/suggest+that從句(thatsb.shoulddosth.)建議……;②區(qū)別點(diǎn)：advise后可接人作賓語(yǔ)，suggest不可。如：advisesb.todosth.(√);suggestsb.todosth.(×)。19.afford/?'f?:(r)d/v.承擔(dān)得起(后果);買得起；能做(1)beableto/canafford(todo)sth.負(fù)擔(dān)得起(做)某事/物(2)benotableto/can'tafford(todo)sth.負(fù)擔(dān)不起(做)某事/物20.afraid/?'fred/adj.害怕(的);畏懼(的);擔(dān)心(的)(1)beafraidof害怕……(2)beafraidtodosth.害怕做某事[側(cè)重不敢](3)beafraidofdoingsth.害怕做某事[側(cè)重?fù)?dān)心后果](4)I'mafraid(that)...我恐怕……(5)I'mafraidso./I'mafraidnot.恐怕如此。/恐怕不行。21.after/'ɑ:ft?(r);'ft?(r)/prep.&conj.在……以后after+名詞(短語(yǔ))(1)afterclass/school下課/放學(xué)后(2)afterawhile不久；過(guò)了一會(huì)兒(3)aftertheexam考試后(4)afterdinner/supper晚飯后動(dòng)詞+after(5)lookafter照料；照顧(6)takeafter(外貌或行為)像(7)runafter追逐；追趕其他(9)dayafterday日復(fù)一日(10)thedayaftertomorrow后天(11)afterall畢竟；歸根結(jié)底22.afternoon/,ɑ:ft?'nu:n/n.下午(正午～日落左右)(1)this/yesterday/tomorrowafternoon今天/昨天/明天下午(2)intheafternoon在下午(3)onSundayafternoon在周日下午(4)onaJuneafternoon在六月的一個(gè)下午(5)afternoontea下午茶(6)Goodafternoon!下午好!23.again/?'ɡen;?'ɡen/adv.再一次；又一次(1)againandagain/overandoveragain再三地；反復(fù)地(2)onceagain再一次[=oncemore](3)(all)overagain再；重新(4)sayitagain再說(shuō)一次(5)tryagain再試試(6)seeyouagain再次見(jiàn)到你(7)Iwon'tdoitagain.我不會(huì)再這樣做了。24.against/?'ɡenst/prep.倚；碰；撞；反對(duì)；違反；(在比賽或戰(zhàn)斗中)對(duì)(某人或基事物)(1)againstthewall/wind靠著墻壁/逆風(fēng)；頂風(fēng)(2)fightagainst與……作斗爭(zhēng)(3)playagainst同……比賽(3)beatagainst擊打(5)againsttherule/law違反規(guī)定/法律25.age/ed/n.年齡；時(shí)代；日期(1)attheageof在……歲時(shí)(2)ofallages所有年齡段的(3)at/fromanearlyage在/從小時(shí)候(4)over/undertheageof...……歲以上/下(5)beofsb'sage與……同齡的(6)agegroup年齡群體點(diǎn)睛：在表示“年齡多大”時(shí)，age與yearsold不能同時(shí)使用。如：Heistwentyyearsold.他20歲。或者Heisattheageoftwenty.在他20歲時(shí)。age不能用疑問(wèn)詞Howold而用what。26.ago/?'ɡ??/adv.以前(1)long(long)ago/alongtimeago很久以前(2)aminuteago/twodays/months/yearsago一分鐘/兩天/兩個(gè)月/兩年前27.agree/o'gri:/v.同意；贊成；應(yīng)允(1)disagree反不同意(2)agreement名同意；協(xié)議disagreement反不同意(3)(dis)agreewithsb.(onsth.)(關(guān)于某事)(不)同意某人(4)agreeon...就……達(dá)成協(xié)議[雙方經(jīng)過(guò)協(xié)商](5)agreeto贊同；贊成[后接表示“提議”“計(jì)劃”等詞作賓語(yǔ)](6)agreetodosth.同意做某事(7)reach/cometoanagreement(with)(與……)達(dá)成協(xié)議(8)signanagreement簽訂一份協(xié)議(9)Icouldn'tagreemore./Iquiteagree.我完全贊同。28.air/e?(r)/n.空氣；天空；空中；大氣[不可數(shù)](1)byair乘飛機(jī)[=byplane](2)airpollution空氣污染(3)freshair新鮮空氣(4)onair(廣播或電視)播出(5)intheair在空中(6)intheopenair露天；在戶外(7)airconditioner空調(diào)設(shè)備(8)airtank氧氣罐29.alive/o'larv/adj.活著的；有生氣的；在世的；有活力的(1)stay/remainalive活著；仍然活著(2)bring/keep...alive使……生動(dòng)有趣/活著(3)keephope/dreamalive抱有希望/懷揣夢(mèng)想(4)keepyourbrainalive保持你的頭腦活躍(5)comealive活潑起來(lái)；生動(dòng)起來(lái)30.all/?:1/pron.&adj.所有(的);全部(的)(1)allthetime一直；不斷地(2)allyearround一整年(3)allovertheworld全世界(4)allinall總的來(lái)說(shuō)(5)inall總共；總計(jì)(6)allover渾身；到處(7)not(...)atall一點(diǎn)也不；根本不(8)notatall不客氣[回答道謝](9)alldaylong整天(10)allofasudden突然(11)allone'slife某人一生(12)allalone獨(dú)自一人的(13)allthebest一切順利；萬(wàn)事如意(14)firstofall首先(15)Thankyouallthesame.仍然感謝你。(16)That'sall.僅此而已。點(diǎn)睛：(1)三者：①all(三者及以上)都。allof...作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；②none(三者及以上)都不。noneof...作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)；(2)兩者：①both(兩者)都。bothof...或both...and...作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞均用復(fù)數(shù)；②neither(兩者)都不。neitherof...作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；neither...nor...作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循“就近一致”原則；③either(兩者中)任一。eitherof...作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；either...or...作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循“就近一致”原則。31.allow/?'la?/v.允許；準(zhǔn)許(1)allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事(2)sb.beallowedtodosth.某人被允許做某事(3)allowdoingsth.允許做某事32.alone/?'l??n/adv.&adj.獨(dú)自；單獨(dú)(1)allalone獨(dú)自一人(2)athomealone/gooutalone獨(dú)自在家/外出(3)livealone獨(dú)自生活(4)leave/letsb.alone不打擾/不管某人點(diǎn)睛：alone意為“獨(dú)自”,側(cè)重客觀上獨(dú)自一人；lonely意為“孤寂”,側(cè)重內(nèi)心的寂寞和孤單。如：Theboystayedathomealonebuthewasnotlonely.33.along/?'l?;?'l?:/prep.沿著；順著adv.(與某人)一道；一起(1)alongwith連同；除……以外還(2)walk/goalong(thestreet/river/bridge)沿著(街/河/橋)走(3)getalong/on(well)with...與……和睦相處(4)comealong出現(xiàn)；一起來(lái)吧點(diǎn)睛：主語(yǔ)后跟有alongwith短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)和alongwith前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致，即遵循“就遠(yuǎn)原則”。34.aloud/?'la?d/adv.大聲地；出聲地：高聲地(1)read(sth.)aloud大聲朗讀(2)laugh/cryaloud大聲笑/哭(3)think(out)aloud自言自語(yǔ)；邊想邊說(shuō)點(diǎn)睛：aloud為副詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)出的聲音能被聽(tīng)見(jiàn)，意為“出聲地”或“大聲地”。loud既可作形容詞，也可用作副詞，側(cè)重發(fā)出的聲音音量大，傳得遠(yuǎn)。loudly為副詞，意為“響亮地”,loudly放在動(dòng)詞前后均可，含有“喧鬧”或“嘈雜”的意思。35.ancient/'en??nt/adj.古代的；古老的(1)inancienttimes在古代(2)ancienttown/city古鎮(zhèn)/城(3)ancientpoems古詩(shī)(4)ancientbuilding(s)古代建筑36.angry/'ɡri/adj.發(fā)怒的；生氣的；憤怒的(1)angrily副憤怒地；生氣地(2)anger名憤怒；怒氣(3)beangrywith對(duì)……生氣(4)beangryabout/at/oversth.因某事而生氣(5)makesb.angry使某人生氣37.another/?'n??(r)/adj.&pron.另一；又一(1)anotherone另一個(gè)(2)anothertime其他時(shí)間；別的時(shí)間(3)oneanother互相[=eachother](4)oneafteranother一個(gè)接一個(gè)；連續(xù)地(5)anothertwo…再有……[=twomore…]點(diǎn)睛：another(三者或三者以上)另一個(gè)。another+數(shù)詞+名詞=數(shù)詞+more+名詞；theother(兩者之中的)另一個(gè)。one...theother...一個(gè)……另一個(gè)……;other+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)=others另外幾個(gè)；其余的(還有剩余)。some...others...一些……另一些……;theothers剩余的全部人/物。some...theothers...一些……其余的……。38.answer/'ɑ:ns?;'ns?r/v.回答；答復(fù)n.答案；回答；答復(fù)(1)answer(one's)question(s)回答(某人的)問(wèn)題(2)answerthedoor/phone應(yīng)門/接電話(3)theanswer(s)tothequestion(s)問(wèn)題的答案(4)nobodyanswered無(wú)人應(yīng)答[=therewasnoanswer]點(diǎn)睛：①用作名詞：answer側(cè)重問(wèn)題的答案；reply側(cè)重口頭或書(shū)面的回應(yīng)；②用作動(dòng)詞：answer后可直接接賓語(yǔ)；reply接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)必須要借助介詞，如replytosth./sb.。39.any/eni/adj.任何的；任一的pron.任何；任一[三者(或三者以上);常用于疑問(wèn)句，否定句或條件句](1)anybody/anyone合任何人(2)anything合任何東西/事物(3)anywhere合任何地方(4)anyway合不管怎樣；即使如此(5)anyother任何其他的(6)atanytime在任何時(shí)候；隨時(shí)(7)inanyway以任何方式；無(wú)論如何(8)not(…)anylonger/more不再[=nolonger/more]40.appear/?'p?;?'pr/v.出現(xiàn)；顯露；看來(lái)；似乎；顯得；來(lái)到[不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)](1)disappear反消失；不見(jiàn)(2)appearance名出現(xiàn)；外觀(3)appear(tobe)+adj./n.看起來(lái)……(4)appeartodosth.似乎/好像要做某事(5)careaboutone'sappearance關(guān)注某人的外表41.area/'e?r?/n.地區(qū)；區(qū)域；面積(1)non-smokingarea無(wú)煙區(qū)(2)inpoorareas在貧困地區(qū)(3)anopenarea一個(gè)開(kāi)闊的區(qū)域(4)inthewaitingarea在等候區(qū)(5)intheareaofcomputer在計(jì)算機(jī)領(lǐng)域(6)coveranareaof780squaremetres占地面積為780平方米42.army/'ɑ:m/n.陸軍；軍隊(duì)(1)jointhearmy參軍(2)serveinthearmy服兵役(3)fightinthearmy在軍隊(duì)作戰(zhàn)43.around/?'ra?nd/adv.&prep.在……周圍；大約；到處；圍繞；環(huán)繞著(1)lookaround環(huán)顧四周(2)turnaround轉(zhuǎn)身；(使)翻轉(zhuǎn)(3)showsb.around帶領(lǐng)某人參觀；給某人做向?qū)?4)travelaroundtheworld環(huán)游世界(5)peoplearoundus我們身邊的人(6)ataround7o’clock在大約七點(diǎn)鐘(7)aroundtheworld全世界[=allover/intheworld](8)aroundthecomer在拐角處；即將到來(lái)(9)goaround參觀；轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)；相處(10)Theearthgoes/movesaroundthesun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。44.arrive/?'rav/v.到達(dá)；抵達(dá)(1)arriveinShanghai到達(dá)上海(2)arriveattheairport到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)(3)arrivehome到家(4)arriveontime準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)45.art/ɑ:t/n.美術(shù)；藝術(shù)(1)artist名藝術(shù)家(2)artfestival藝術(shù)節(jié)(3)artshow文藝演出/藝術(shù)展(4)traditionalart傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)(5)theartclass美術(shù)課(6)theartofpapercutting剪紙藝術(shù)(7)famousChineseartists著名中國(guó)藝術(shù)家46.as/z;?z/prep.作為；當(dāng)作adv.像……一樣；如同conj.當(dāng)……時(shí)；如同；因?yàn)?1)asfor至于；對(duì)于(2)asif/though好像(3)asusual像往常一樣……(4)justas正如；就像(5)assoonas一……就……(6)aslongas只要；既然(7)thesameas和……相同(8)asamatteroffact事實(shí)上；其實(shí)(9)asaresult(作為)結(jié)果(10)as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as和……一樣……(11)asthesayinggoes俗話說(shuō)(12)astimegoes/passesby隨著時(shí)間的推移(13)regard/consider/treat/thinkof...as...把……看作……(14)佳句WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。[風(fēng)俗]47.ask/ɑ:sk;sk/v.請(qǐng)求；要求；詢問(wèn)；邀請(qǐng)(1)asktheway/askquestions問(wèn)路/問(wèn)問(wèn)題(2)asksb.forsth./askforsth.(向某人)請(qǐng)求某事；懇求(給予)某物(3)askforhelp/advice尋求幫助/建議(4)asksb.aboutsth.關(guān)于某事詢問(wèn)某人(5)asksb.(not)todosth.請(qǐng)求/要求某人(不)做某事48.asleep/?'sli:p/adj.睡著的(1)awake反醒著(2)fallasleep進(jìn)入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)；睡著(3)deeply/fastasleep熟睡/很快入睡49.at/t/prep.(提供電話號(hào)碼等時(shí)使用)按照；根據(jù)；在(某處、某時(shí)間或時(shí)刻)表時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)/年齡(1)ateighto'clock在八點(diǎn)(2)at/onweekends在周末(3)atnoon在中午(4)atnight在晚上(5)atpresent目前；現(xiàn)在(6)atthesametime同時(shí)(7)athome/school在家/學(xué)校(8)attheschoolgate在學(xué)校門口(9)atthestation在車站(10)atthetopof在……的頂部(11)attheageof在……歲時(shí)表目標(biāo)/方向(12)look/laughat看/嘲笑(13)callsb.at+電話號(hào)碼給某人打電話(14)smileat對(duì)……微笑表方面/原因(15)begood/poorat(do-ing)sth.擅長(zhǎng)/不擅長(zhǎng)(做)某事(16)beamazed/surprisedat對(duì)……感到驚奇(17)beangryat