人教版初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總

初中英語(yǔ)學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)匯總初一年級(jí)〔上〕【學(xué)問(wèn)梳理】 12.Ithink…重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) 13.Who’sthis?Thisis….Sitdown 14.Whatcanyousee？Icansee….onduty 15.Thereis(are)….inEnglish 16. What colour is it (are they)? It’shaveaseat (They’re)…athome 17.Whose…isthis?It’s….looklike 18.Whattimeisit?It’s….lookathavealook III.交際用語(yǔ)comeonatwork 1.Goodmorning,Miss/Mr….atschool 2.Hello!Hi!puton 3.Nicetomeetyou.Nicetomeetyou,too.lookafter 4.Howareyou?I’mfine,thankyou/thanks.getup Andyou?goshopping 5.Seeyou.Seeyoulater.6.Thankyou!You’rewelcome.重要句型 7.Goodbye!Bye!8.What’syourname?Mynameis….helpsb.dosth. 9.Hereyouare.Thisway,please.Whatabout…? 10.Who’sondutytoday?Let’sdosth. 11.Let’sdo.It’stimetodosth. 12.Letmesee.It’stimefor…What’s…?Itis…/It’s… IV.重要語(yǔ)法Whereis…?It’s…. 1.動(dòng)詞be的用法；Howoldareyou?I’m…. 2.人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法；Whatclassareyouin? 3.名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和全部格的用法；I’min…. 4.冠詞的根本用法；…. 5.Therebe句型的用法。What’s…plus…?It’s….【名師講解】1.in/on在表示空間位置時(shí)，in表示在某個(gè)空間的范圍以內(nèi)，on表示在某一個(gè)物體的外表之上。例如：Thereisabirdinthetree.樹(shù)上有只鳥(niǎo)。Thereisapictureonthewall.墻上有張圖。this/that/these/thosethis經(jīng)常用來(lái)指在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)上更接近講話人的人和事，these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式。that經(jīng)常用來(lái)指在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)上離講話人更遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)的人和事，those時(shí)that的復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：YoulookinthisboxandI’lllookinthatoneoverthere.子。Iwantthiscar,notthatcar.我想要這輛小汽車，不是那一輛。Takethesebookstohisroom,please.請(qǐng)把這些書拿到他房間去。Thisismine;that’syours.這個(gè)是我的，那個(gè)是你的。Theseareapples;thoseareoranges.這些是蘋果，那些是橘子。在打的用語(yǔ)中，this經(jīng)常指的是我，that經(jīng)常指的是對(duì)方。例如：ThisisMaryspeaking.Who’sthat?我是瑪麗。你是誰(shuí)？Therebe/haveTherebe“有“，其準(zhǔn)確含意為“某處或某時(shí)存在某人或某物?！捌錁?gòu)造是：Therebe+某人或某物+Therebe后面的名詞實(shí)際上是主語(yǔ)，be動(dòng)詞的形式要和主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持全都，be動(dòng)詞后面的名詞是單數(shù)或不行數(shù)名詞時(shí)用is，名詞是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用are。例如：(1)Thereisabigbottleofcokeonthetable.桌上有一大瓶子可樂(lè)。Thereisadollinthebox.那個(gè)盒子里有個(gè)娃娃。Therearemanyapplesonthetree.那樹(shù)上有很多蘋果。總之，Therebe構(gòu)造強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一種客觀存在的“有“。have表示“擁有，占有，具有“，即：某人有某物(sb.have/hassth.)。主語(yǔ)一般是名詞或代詞，與主語(yǔ)是所屬關(guān)系。例如：Ihavetwobrothersandonesister.我有兩個(gè)兄弟，一個(gè)姐姐。Thathousehasfourrooms.那所房子有四個(gè)房間。look/see/watchlook表示“看、瞧到，以提示對(duì)方留意Look!Thechildrenareplayingcomputergames.瞧！孩子們?cè)谕骐娔X玩耍。Look!What’sthatoverthere?看！那邊那個(gè)是什么？單獨(dú)使用是不及物動(dòng)詞，如強(qiáng)調(diào)看某人/物，其后接介詞at，才能帶賓語(yǔ)，如：He’slookingatme。他正在看著我。seelooksee后面能直接跟賓語(yǔ)。如：Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?你能在圖上看到什么？Lookattheblackboard.Whatdidyouseeonit?看黑板！你看到了什么？(3)watc強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程，常用于“看電視、看足球、看演出”等。如：YesterdaywewatchedafootballmatchonTV.puton//in

天我們從電視上看了一場(chǎng)足球競(jìng)賽。puton意為“穿上，戴上,后面接表示服裝、鞋帽的名詞。in是介詞，表示“穿著”強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。在句中可以做定語(yǔ)、標(biāo)語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。如：It’scoldoutside,putonyourcoat.外面冷，穿上你的外衣。Heputsonhishatandgoesout. 他戴上帽子，走了出去。ThewomaninawhiteblouseisJohn’smother.John的媽媽。house/home/familyhouse;Home;Family:Pleasecometomyhousethisafternoon.Heisnotathome.他不在家。Myfamilyallgetupearly.我們?nèi)叶计鸬煤茉?。fine,nice,good,well四者都可用作形容詞表示“好“之意，但前三者既可作表語(yǔ)又可作定語(yǔ)，而后者僅用作表語(yǔ)。主要區(qū)分在于：fine指物時(shí)表示的是質(zhì)量上的“精細(xì)“，形容人時(shí)表示的是“身體安康“，也可以用來(lái)指“天氣晴朗“。例如：Yourparentsareveryfine.你父母身體很安康。That”safinemachine.那是一臺(tái)很好的機(jī)器It”safinedayforawalk today.今日是閑逛的好時(shí)候。nice主要側(cè)重于人或物的外表，有“奇特“，“秀麗“的意思，也可用于問(wèn)候或贊揚(yáng)別人。例如：Lucylooksnice.露西看上去很秀麗。Thesecoatsareverynice.那些裙子很好看。Nicetomeetyou.見(jiàn)到你很快活。It”sveryniceofyou.你真好。good形容人時(shí)指“品德好“，形容物時(shí)指“質(zhì)量好“，是表示人或物各方面都好的一般用語(yǔ)。例如：Hersonisagoodstudent.她兒子是一個(gè)好學(xué)生。Theredcarisverygood.那輛紅色小汽車很好。well只可用來(lái)形容人的“身體好“的動(dòng)詞之后。例如：I”mverywell,thanks.我身體很好，感謝。Myfriendssingwell.我的朋友們唱歌得好?！究键c(diǎn)掃描】中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在：動(dòng)詞be的用法；人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法；名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和全部格的用法；冠詞的根本用法；Therebe句型的用法。本單元學(xué)過(guò)的詞匯、短語(yǔ)和句型；本單元學(xué)過(guò)的日常交際用語(yǔ)。考試形式可以是單項(xiàng)填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子。初一年級(jí)〔下〕【學(xué)問(wèn)梳理】 16.haveadrinkofI.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) 17.havealook18.havebreakfastabottleof 19.havelunchalittle 20.havesupperalot(of) 21.listentoallday 22.not…atallbefrom 23.put…awaybeover 24.takeoffcomeback 25.throwitlikethatcomefrom 26.wouldlikedoone’shomework 27.inthemiddleofthedaydotheshopping 28.inthemorning/afternoon/eveninggetdown 29.onafarmgethome 30.inafactorygettogetup II.重要句型goshoppingLetsb.dosth. 16.---Whatdayisittoday/tomorrow?Couldsb.dosth.? ---It’sMonday.wouldlikesth. 17.---MayIborrowyourcolourpens,please?wouldliketodosth. ---Certainly.Hereyouare.Whataboutsomethingtoeat? 18.---Whereareyoufrom?Howdoyouspell…? ---FromBeijing.MayIborrow…? 19.What”syourtelephonenumberinNewYork?III.交際用語(yǔ) 20.---Doyoulikehotdogs?---Yes,Ido.(Alittle./Alot./Verymuch.)—Thanksverymuch! ---No,Idon”t.(Idon”tlikethematall.)—You”rewelcome. 21.---Whatdoesyourmotherlike?Putit/themaway. ---ShelikesdumplingsandvegetablesveryWhat”swrong? much.Ithinkso. Idon”tthinkso. 22.---Whendoyougotoschooleveryday?Iwanttotakesomebookstotheclassroom. ---Igotoschoolat7:00everyday.Givemeabottleoforangejuice,please. 23.---WhattimedoeshegotobedinthePleasegiveit/thembacktomorrow.OK. evening?What”syourfavouritesport? ---Hegoestobedat10:00.Don”tworry.I’m(not)goodatbasketball. IV.重要語(yǔ)法Doyouwantago?That”sright./That‘sallright./Allright. 1.人稱代詞的用法；Do you have a dictionary / any 2.祈使句；dictionaries? 3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)展時(shí)的構(gòu)成和用法；Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t. 4．動(dòng)詞have的用法；We/TheyhavesomeCDs. 5．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)構(gòu)成和用法；We/Theydon’thaveanyCDs. 6．可數(shù)名詞和不行數(shù)名詞的構(gòu)成和用法【名師講解】That”sright./That‘sallright./Allright.Tha’sright例如：“Ithinkwemusthelptheoldman.““我想我們應(yīng)當(dāng)幫助這位老人?！啊癟hat”sright.“或“You”reright.““說(shuō)得對(duì)“。Tha’sallright意為“不用謝“沒(méi)關(guān)系，用來(lái)答復(fù)對(duì)方的致謝或賠禮。例如“Manythanks.““That”sallright.“ “Sorry.It”sbroken.““That”sallright.“Allright意為“行了“可以，表示同意對(duì)方的建議或要求。有時(shí)還可以表示“身體很好“Pleasetellmeaboutit.““請(qǐng)把此事告知我?！?“Allright.““好吧?！癐syourmotherallright?你媽身體好嗎make/do這兩個(gè)詞都可以解釋為“做makedo做一件具體的事。Canyoumakeapaperboatforme?你能為我做個(gè)紙船嗎？He’sdoinghishomeworknow.他正在做他的作業(yè)。say/speak/talk/tellsa：是最口語(yǔ)化的最一般的一個(gè)詞，意為“說(shuō)出Iwanttogotherebybu”,hesaid.他說(shuō)PleasesayitinEnglish.請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)。speak:即后面不能直接接賓語(yǔ))Canyouspeakabouthim?Idotliketospeaklikethis.我不寵愛(ài)這樣說(shuō)話。speak作及物動(dòng)詞解時(shí)，只能和某種語(yǔ)言等連用，表達(dá)在對(duì)話中恰當(dāng)使用詞匯的力量。如：ShespeaksEnglishwell.她英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得好。talk:與speak意義相近，也著重說(shuō)話的動(dòng)作，而不著重所說(shuō)的話，因此，一般也只用作不及物動(dòng)詞，不過(guò)，talk示意話是對(duì)某人說(shuō)的，有較強(qiáng)的對(duì)話意味，著重指連續(xù)地和別人談話。如：Iwouldliketotalktohimaboutit. 我想跟他談那件事。Oldwomenliketotalkwithchildren.老年婦女寵愛(ài)和孩子們交談。tell:“告知”,除較少狀況外，一般后面總接雙賓語(yǔ)。如：He’stellingmeastory.他在給我講故事。tellalie撒謊tellsb.todosth./tellsb.nottodosth如：.MissZhaooftentellsustostudyhard.docooking/dothecookingdocooking作“做飯”解，屬泛指。dothecooking特指某一頓飯或某一家人的飯。cooking為動(dòng)名詞，不能用作復(fù)數(shù)，但前面可用some,muchdosomecooking可引出很多類似的短語(yǔ)：dosomewashing洗些衣服dosomeshopping買些東西dosomereading讀書dosomewriting寫些東西dosomefishing釣魚從以上短語(yǔ)可引申出另一類短語(yǔ)，不能用some,much或定冠詞。goshopping去買東西gofishing去釣魚goboating去劃船goswimming去游泳likedoingsth./liketodosth.likedoingsth.liketodosth.意思一樣，但用法有區(qū)分。前者強(qiáng)調(diào)一般性的愛(ài)好或者表示動(dòng)作的習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常性；后來(lái)表示一次性和偶然性的動(dòng)作。例如：Helikesplayingfootball,buthedoesn‘tliketoplayfootballwithLiMing.他寵愛(ài)踢足球，但是他不寵愛(ài)和李明踢。other/others/theother/anotherother表其余的，別的，如：Haveyouanyotherquestions?你還有其他問(wèn)題嗎?others.如：IntheroomsomepeopleareAmerican,theothersareFrench.在屋子里一些人是美國(guó)人,其他的是法國(guó)人。theother表另一個(gè)〔二者之中〕one…，theother…如：OneofmytwobrothersstudiesEnglish,theotherstudiesChinese.我兩個(gè)哥哥中的一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)英文,另一個(gè)學(xué)中文。another表三者以上的另一個(gè)，另一些如：Thereisroomforanotherfewbooksontheshelf.書架上還可以放點(diǎn)書。inthetree/onthetreeinthetree與onthetree.譯成中文均為“在樹(shù)上“但英語(yǔ)中有區(qū)分。inthetree表示某人、某事〔不屬于樹(shù)本身生長(zhǎng)出的別的東西〕落在樹(shù)上，表示樹(shù)的枝、葉、花、果等長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)上時(shí)，要onthetree.如：Therearesomeapplesonthetree.Thereisabirdinthetree.那棵樹(shù)上有只鳥(niǎo)。some/anysome和any既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不行數(shù)名詞。但有以下兩點(diǎn)需要留意。(1)some常用于確定句中，any常用于否認(rèn)句和疑問(wèn)句中。如：Thereissomewaterintheglass.Isthereanywaterintheglass?Thereisn”tanywaterintheglass.(2)在說(shuō)話者期望得到確定答復(fù)的一般疑問(wèn)句中，或在表示懇求，邀請(qǐng)的疑問(wèn)句中，我們照舊some。如：Wouldyoulikesometea?tall/high說(shuō)人，動(dòng)物，樹(shù)木等有生命的東西，主要用tall，不用high，例如atallwoman一個(gè)高個(gè)子?jì)D女a(chǎn)tallhorse一個(gè)高大的馬說(shuō)一個(gè)不與地面接觸的人和物的高時(shí)，要用high，而不用tall，比方人站在桌子上時(shí)，飛Heishighupinthetree.Theplaneissohighinthesky.飛機(jī)在空中這么高。指建筑物、山時(shí)要tallhigh都可以，不過(guò)high的程度比tall高。(4)high可作副詞，tall不能。(5)tall的反義詞為short,high的反義詞為low.can/couldcan表示體力和腦力方面的力量，或依據(jù)客觀條件能做某種動(dòng)作的“力量“。例如：Canyourideabike?你會(huì)騎自行車嗎?WhatcanIdoforyou？要幫助嗎？Canyoumakeacake？你會(huì)做蛋糕嗎？can用在否認(rèn)句和疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)有時(shí)表示說(shuō)話人的“疑心““猜測(cè)“或不愿定。例如：Wherecanhebe？他會(huì)在什么地方呢？Canthenewsbetrue？這個(gè)消息會(huì)是真的嗎？Itsurelycan”tbesixo”clockalready？不行能已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)鐘了吧？Youcan”tbehungrysosoon，Tom，you”vejusthadlunch.湯姆，你不行能餓得這么快，你剛吃過(guò)午飯。Whatcanhemean？他會(huì)是什么意思？在日常會(huì)話中，can可代替may表示“允許“，mayYoucancomeinanytime.你隨時(shí)都可以來(lái)。---CanIuseyourpen？我能用你的鋼筆嗎？---Ofcourse，youcan.固然可以。Youcanhavemyseat，I”mgoingnow.我要走了，你坐我的座位吧。couldcould是can的過(guò)去式，表示過(guò)去有過(guò)的力量和可能性〔在否認(rèn)和疑問(wèn)句中。例如：Thedoctorsaidhecouldhelphim.〔力量〕醫(yī)生說(shuō)他能幫助他。Lilycouldswimwhenshewasfouryearsold.〔力量〕當(dāng)麗麗四歲的時(shí)候她就會(huì)游泳。Atthattimewethoughtthestorycouldbetrue.〔可能性〕那時(shí)我們以為所說(shuō)的可能是真的。could可代替can表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，但語(yǔ)氣較為動(dòng)聽(tīng)。例如：CouldIspeaktoJohn，please？我能和約翰說(shuō)話嗎？Couldyou？在口語(yǔ)中表示懇求對(duì)方做事。例如：Couldyouwaithalfanhour？請(qǐng)你等半個(gè)小時(shí)好嗎？Couldyoupleaseringagainatsix？六點(diǎn)鐘請(qǐng)你再打好嗎？can的形式只有現(xiàn)在式can和過(guò)去式could兩種形式。能表示一般現(xiàn)在和一般過(guò)去兩種時(shí)態(tài)，有時(shí)也能表示將來(lái)。全部其他時(shí)態(tài)〔包括將來(lái)時(shí)〕須用beableto加動(dòng)詞不定式來(lái)表示。例如：TheyhavenotbeenabletocometoBeijing.他們沒(méi)有能到北京來(lái)。lookfor/findlookforfind的結(jié)果，而后者則強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”的結(jié)果。例如Shecatfindherruler.Tomislookingforhiswatch，buthecan’tfindit.湯姆正在查找他的手表，但沒(méi)能找到。besleeping/beasleepbesleeping表示動(dòng)作，意思是“正在睡覺(jué)beasleep表示狀態(tài)，意思是“睡著了如：---Whatarethechildrendoingintheroom?孩子們?cè)诜块g里做什么？---Theyaresleeping.他們正在睡覺(jué)。Thechildrenareasleepnow.現(xiàn)在孩子們睡著了。often/usually/sometimesoften表示“經(jīng)?！?，sometimes表示“有時(shí)候“often要高于usually，usually要高于sometimes常位于主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面，其他謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞〔be動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞〕的后面，有時(shí)也可位于句尾。假設(shè)要加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，則放在句首。Weusuallyplaybasketballafterschool.我們通常放學(xué)后打籃球。SometimesIgotobedearly.有時(shí)，我睡覺(jué)很早。HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.他經(jīng)常在早晨讀英語(yǔ)。Howmuch/Howmanyhowmuch常用來(lái)詢問(wèn)某一商品的價(jià)格，常見(jiàn)句式是Howmuchis/are…?Howmuchistheskirt? 這條裙子多少錢？Howmucharethebananas? 這些香蕉多少錢？howmuch后加不行數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量意“多“，howmany后加可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。Howmuchmeatdoyouwant? 你要多少肉呀？Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?你們班有多少人？begoodfor/begoodto/begoodatbegoodfor表示“對(duì)……有好處“，而bebadfor表示“對(duì)……有害“；begoodto表示“對(duì)……“對(duì)……不好“；begoodat表示““bebadat表示“在……方面做得不好“。如：Doingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureyes.做眼保健操對(duì)你的眼睛有好處。Eatingtoomuchisbadforyouhealth.吃的太多對(duì)你的身體有害。MissLiisgoodtoallofus.李教師對(duì)我們?nèi)康娜硕己苡押谩hebossisbadtohisworkers.這個(gè)老板對(duì)他的工人不好。LiLeiisgoodatdrawing,butI”mbadatit.李雷擅長(zhǎng)畫畫，但是我不擅長(zhǎng)。each/everyeachevery都有“每一個(gè)“的意思，但含義和用法不一樣。each從個(gè)體著眼，every從整體著眼。each可用于兩者或兩者以上，every只用于三者或三者以上。如：Weeachhaveanewbook.Therearetreesoneachsideofthestreet.街的兩旁有樹(shù)。Hegetsupearlyeverymorning.每天早晨他都起得早。eacheveryEachofthemhashisownduty.Theyeachwanttodosomethingdifferent.他們每個(gè)人都想做不同的事情。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/現(xiàn)在進(jìn)展時(shí)象；而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)展時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)展或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作〔構(gòu)成方式為am/is/are/+doin。Idomyhomeworkintheevening.I”mdoingmyhomeworknow.我現(xiàn)在正在做作業(yè)。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)展時(shí)常與now,thesedays,atthemomentLook,listen等詞連用；而一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常與often,always,sometimes,usually,everyday,inthemorning,onMondays等連用。Weoftencleantheclassroomafterschool.我們經(jīng)常放學(xué)后清掃教室。Look!Theyarecleaningtheclassroom.看！他們正在清掃教室呢。初二年級(jí)〔上〕【學(xué)問(wèn)梳理】重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)ontimebestwishesgiveatalkforexampleshortforawasteoftimegoonafieldtripgofishingIagreenextweekthedayaftertomorrowhaveapicnichavesomeproblemsdoingsth.gothewrongwayhurryupgettogetherintheopenaironMid-AutumnDaycomeoverhavetogethomeagreewithinthecountryintownallthesameinfrontofontheleft/rightsidenexttoupanddownkeephealthygrowupatthesametimethedaybeforeyesterdaylastSaturdayhalfanhouragoamomentagojustnowbythewayallthetime

atfirst重要句型havefundoingsth.Whydon’tyou…?We’regoingtodosth.startwithsth.Whynot…?Areyougoingto…?befriendlytosb.You’dbetterdosth.asksb.forsth.saygoodbyetosb.Goodluck(withsb)!交際用語(yǔ)Welcomebacktoschool!Excuseme.I’msorryI’mlate,becausethetrafficisbad.Itdoesn’tmatter.4.HappyTeachers’Day!5.That’sagoodidea.6.Whatareyougoingtodo？7.Wherearewegoing?Whatarewegoingtodo?I’mgoodat…10.It’snotfarfrom…11.Areyoufreetomorrowevening?12.WouldyouandLilyliketocomeovertomyhomeforMid-AutumnFestival?I’mgladyoucancome.Thanksforaskingus.15.Howaboutanotherone?16.MayIhaveataste?17.Letmewalkwithyou.18.Whatdoyouhavetodo?19.Doyouliveonafarm?Whichdoyoulikebetter,thecityorthecountry?Whichdo youlikebest,dogs, catsorchickens? 31.Goalongthisroad.Shallwegoatten?Goodidea! 32.Whatdaywasityesterday?23.---Let’smakeithalfpastone.---OK. 33.I’msorrytohearthat.24.---Whynotcomealittleearlier?---All 34.Ihopeyou’rebetternow.right. 35.Whydidyoucallme?Excuseme.Where’sthenearestpostoffice, 36.Icalledtotell…please?It’soverthereontheright. IV.重要語(yǔ)法I’msorryIdon’tknow. 1.begoingto的用法；You’dbetter… 2.形容詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)；Thankyouallthesame. 3.形容詞和副詞的比較WhichbusdoItake? 4.一般過(guò)去時(shí)【名師講解】onthestreet/inthestreet表示“在街上”時(shí)，onthestreet和inthestreet都可以，在美國(guó)多用onthestreet,在英國(guó)多inthestreet.例如：Wehaveahouseinthestreet.我們?cè)诮稚嫌凶孔印methimonthestreet.我在街上遇見(jiàn)了他。wouldlike/likewouldlike和like含義不同like意思是“寵愛(ài)“愛(ài)好，而wouldlike意思是“想要fondofbeer. 我寵愛(ài)喝啤酒I’dlikeaglassofbeer=Iwantaglassofbeer.我想要一杯啤酒Doyoulikegoingtothecinema? 你寵愛(ài)看電影嗎？Wouldyouliketogotothecinematonight? 你今晚想去看電影嗎？another/theotheranother通常用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上或不確定數(shù)量中的任意一個(gè)人或物體。例如：MayIhaveanotherapple,please?請(qǐng)?jiān)诮o我一個(gè)蘋果好嗎？Thiscoatistoosmallforme.Pleaseshowmeanother這件外套我穿太小，請(qǐng)?jiān)俳o我拿一件看看。theother通常指兩者中的另一個(gè)。例如：Hehastworulers.Oneisshort.Theotherislong.他有兩把尺子，一把短的，另一把長(zhǎng)的。Ihavetwobrothers.OneworksinXi’an.TheotherworksinBeijing.我有兩個(gè)兄弟，一個(gè)在西安工作，另一個(gè)在北京工作。haveto/musthaveto和must都可以用來(lái)談?wù)摿x務(wù)，但用法略有不同。假設(shè)某人主觀上覺(jué)得必需去做musthavetoImuststopsmoking.〔自己想戒煙〕Theyhavetoworkfortheboss.他們不得不為那個(gè)老板〔條件逼得他們?nèi)スぷ鳌砲aveto可用于多種時(shí)態(tài)，must只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：I’llhavetogetupearlytomorrowmorning.明天早晨我必需早早起床。Wehadtoworklonghourseverydayinordertogetmoremoney.為了多掙錢，我們不得不每天長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地工作。musttdo’thaveto相當(dāng)于needn’tYoumustn’tbelateagainnexttime.Youdon’thavetogotheretoday.Youcangotheretomorrow.hearsb.orsth.doingsth./herarsb.orsth.dosth.

今日不必到那里去了。你可以明天去。hearsb.orsth.doingsth.hearsb.orsth.dosth.到某人或某物做過(guò)某事IhearhimsinginganEnglishsong.聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他在唱英歌曲。IheardhimsinganEnglishsong.我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他唱一首英文歌。hear這種用法的還有see,watch,listen,feel等感官動(dòng)詞。any/someanysomesome一般用在確定句中；anyIwantsomemoney.Haveyouanymoney?你有錢嗎？Idon’thaveanymoney.我一點(diǎn)錢也沒(méi)有。some有時(shí)也用于疑問(wèn)句，表示說(shuō)話人期盼一個(gè)確定答復(fù)或鼓舞人家說(shuō)“是Wouldyoulikesomemorebeer?請(qǐng)你再來(lái)點(diǎn)啤酒好嗎？CouldIhavesomerice,please?請(qǐng)給我來(lái)點(diǎn)米飯好嗎？hear/listentolistentohearListento強(qiáng)調(diào)“聽(tīng)”的動(dòng)作，hear強(qiáng)調(diào)“聽(tīng)”的結(jié)果。例如：Listentome,please!I’mgoingtotellyouastory.請(qǐng)聽(tīng)我說(shuō)！我給你們講個(gè)故事。Listen!Canyouhearsomeonecryinginthenextroom?Ilistened,butheardnothing.我聽(tīng)了聽(tīng)，但什么也聽(tīng)不見(jiàn)。hear后面假設(shè)接賓語(yǔ)從句，經(jīng)常表示“聽(tīng)說(shuō)Ihearsomeforeignstudentswillvisitourschool.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)一些外國(guó)學(xué)生將要訪問(wèn)我們學(xué)校。Ihearthereisgoingtobeafilminourschoolthisevening.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)今晚我們學(xué)校要演一場(chǎng)電影。Let’s…/Letus…Let’sLetus…都表示“讓我們……”,us包括聽(tīng)話人在內(nèi)，其含義一樣，附帶問(wèn)句用shallwe.假設(shè)usLetu…的附帶問(wèn)句要用willyo例如：Let’sgoshopping,shallwe?我們?nèi)ベ?gòu)物好嗎？take/bring/carry/get這四個(gè)動(dòng)詞都有“拿”和“帶”的意思，但含義有所不同take意為“帶走bring,getcarry帶有負(fù)重的意思。試比較：Myparentsoftentakemethereonholidays.我父母經(jīng)常帶我到那里去度假。I’mgoingtotakeyoutoBeijing.我預(yù)備帶你去北京。Bringmeacupoftea,please.請(qǐng)給我端杯茶來(lái)。I’llbringthebooktoyoutomorrow.Thewaitercarriedthemetothetable效勞員把肉送到桌上。Themonkeycarriedthebagonherback.猴子把那個(gè)包背在背上。Shewentbacktogetherhandbag.他折回去拿他的手提包。Letmegetthedoctor.讓我去請(qǐng)醫(yī)生吧。faraway/faraway(1)faraway是一個(gè)副詞短語(yǔ)，意思是“很遠(yuǎn)Somearefaraway.Somearenearer.有些離得很遠(yuǎn)，有些離得近一些的。Thevillageisfarawayfromhere.那個(gè)村子離這兒很遠(yuǎn)。(2)faraway是一個(gè)形容詞，意思是“遙遠(yuǎn)的Helivesinfarawaymountainvillage.他住在一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的小山村。find/lookforfindlookforfind強(qiáng)調(diào)“找”的結(jié)果，而lookfor強(qiáng)調(diào)Heislookingforhisbike.I’mlookingformywatch,butcan’tfindit.我在找我的手表，但是找不到。Ihopeyouwillsoonfindyourlostring.期望你盡快找到喪失的戒指。find還有“覺(jué)察Ifoundawalletinthedesk了一個(gè)錢包。Ifindthisbookveryinteresting.我覺(jué)得這本書很有意思。infrontof/inthefrontofInfrontofInthefrontof表示在某物的前部，在某物的范圍內(nèi)。試比較：MyseatisinfrontofMary’s.我的座位在瑪麗座位的前面。Heissittinginthefrontofthecarwiththedriver.他和司機(jī)坐在小車的前部。初二年級(jí)〔中〕【學(xué)問(wèn)梳理】重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)giveaconcertfalldowngoonattheendofgobackinahurrywritedowncomeoutalltheyearroundlateronattimesringsb.upHappyNewYear!haveapartyholdonhearfrombereadyatthemomenttakeout20.thesameasturnoverget-togetherputontakeaseatwaitforgetlostjustthenfirstofallgowrongmakeanoisegetongetoffstandinline

attheheadoflaughatthrowaboutinfactatmidnightenjoyoneselfhaveaheadachehaveacoughfallasleepagainandagainlookovertakeexercise重要句型begoodforsth.Ithink…Ihope…Ilove…Idon’tlike…I’msure…forgettodosth.takeamessageforsb.givesb.themessagehelpyourselftosth.befamousforsth.onone’swayto…makeone’swayto…quarrelwithsb.agreewithsb.stopsb.fromdoingsth.交際用語(yǔ)1.What’stheweatherliketoday?2.It’scold,butquitesuuny.Howcolditistoday! 30.Itmaybein...Ah,soitisYes,butit’llbewarmerlateron. 31.Youmustbemorecareful!Shallwemakeasnowman? 32.Youmustn”tcrosstheroadnow.Ok.Comeon! 33.Ifyouwanttocrossastreet,youmustwaitHappyNewYear! forthegreenlight.MayIspeaktoAnn,please?？ 34.Pleasestandinline.Holdon,please. 35.Youmustwaitforyourturn.10.Thanksalotforinvitingmetoyourparty. 36.Ifyoudon”tgosoon,you”llbelate.11.Ok.ButI’mafraidImaybealittlelate. 37.Idon”tfeelverywell.CanItakeamessageforyou? 38.Myheadhurts.That’sOK.Itdoesn’tmatter. 39.Youmustn”teatanythinguntilyouseetheI’mverysorry,butIcan’tcome. doctor.I’msorrytohearthat. 40.What”sthetrouble?Happybirthday! 41.What”sthematterwith…?17.Wouldyoulike...?Wouldyouliketo...? 42.Shedidn”tfeellikeeatinganything.18.Doyouthink...?Yes,Ithinkso./No,I 43.Nothingserious.don”tthinkso. 44.Have/getapainin…19.Doyouagree?Yes,Iagree./No,don”t 45.Noproblem.reallyagree.Ireallycan”tagree. 46.Takethismedicinethreetimesaday.20.Thereareafew/alotof.../onit.Sodowe. IV.重要語(yǔ)法I”mhappyyoulikeit.Whichisthewayto...,please? 1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)；Turnright/leftatthe...crossing. 2.反意疑問(wèn)句的用法；Goonuntilyoureach... 3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)；HowcanIgetto...? Godown/up/along 4.感慨句；thisroad. 5.簡(jiǎn)潔句的五種根本句型；What”sthematter? 6.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,maymust,haveto的用It”lltakeyouhalfanhourto... 法；We”dbettercatchabus. 7.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句?！久麕熤v解】above/over/ononover和某物接觸。試比較：Thereisabookonthedesk.課桌上有一本書。Iraisemyrighthandabovemyhead.我把右手高舉過(guò)頭。Thereisastonebridgeovertheriver.河面上有座石橋。forgettodosth./forgetdoingsth.forgettodosth.意思是“遺忘做某事forgetdoingsth,Iforgottotellhimthenews我遺忘告知他這條消息了。Iforgottellinghimthenews.我已經(jīng)把這條消息告知他了，我卻忘了。類似的詞還有：remember,regret等。hope/wishhopewish在漢語(yǔ)中都有“期望”的意思，但其含義和用法有所不同。主要區(qū)分如下：wish可以用來(lái)表示不行實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望；hope只能用來(lái)表示可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。例如：IwishIwere20yearsyounger.我但愿自己能年輕二十歲。Ihopeyou’llbebettersoon.我期望你能很快好起來(lái)。Iwishtheweatherwasn’tsocold.但愿天氣不這麼冷。Ihopehewillcome,too.我期望他也能來(lái)。wish可以接sb.todosth.的構(gòu)造，而hope不行以。例如：Doyouwishmetocomebacklater? 你是否期望我再來(lái)？besuretodosth./besureof/aboutsb.orsth.(1)besuretodosth.可以用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方提出要求，意思是“務(wù)必說(shuō)話人做出的推斷，意思是“肯定Besuretolockthedoorwhenyouleave.你離開(kāi)時(shí)務(wù)必把門鎖好。It’sagoodfilm.Youaresuretoenjoyit.這是一部好電影，你確定會(huì)寵愛(ài)的。(2)besureof/aboutsb.orsth. 可用來(lái)表示“某人對(duì)某事有把握。例如：I’msureofhissuccess.我信任他會(huì)成功。Ithinkitwasthreeyearsago,butI’mnotsureaboutit.hearfrom/hearofhearfrom來(lái)表示。例如：I’veheardfromXiaoWuthatwe’llstartoutmilitarytrainingtomorrow.我聽(tīng)小吳說(shuō)，我們明天開(kāi)頭軍訓(xùn)。ListentothetapeandwriteoutwhatyouhearfromHanMei.聽(tīng)錄音，并寫出你從韓梅那里聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容。hearfrom還有一個(gè)意思是“收到某人的來(lái)信〔=receivealetterfromsb。例如：IheardfrommypenfriendintheU.S.A.lastmonth.上個(gè)月我受到了美國(guó)筆友的來(lái)信。Iheardfromherlastweek.我上周接到了她的來(lái)信。hearof和和hearfromhearof意思是“聽(tīng)說(shuō)〔某事或某人的存在用在疑問(wèn)句和否認(rèn)句里。例如：Whoishe?I’veneverheardofhim.他是誰(shuí)？我從來(lái)沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)他。Ineverheardofsuchathing!這樣的事我從來(lái)沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)。It’sapleasure./Withpleasure.It’sapleasure---Thankyouforhelpingme.感謝你地幫助。---It’sapleasure.那是我樂(lè)意做的。---Thanksalot.Bye.格外感謝。再見(jiàn)。---It’sapleasure.那是我樂(lè)意做的。再見(jiàn)。Notatall.”“Youarewelcome.”“That’sallright.”Withpleasure也用作客氣的答語(yǔ)，主要用在別人要你做某事，而你又格外情愿去做的場(chǎng)合。例如：---Willyoupleasepassmethenewspaper,please?請(qǐng)你把報(bào)紙遞給我好嗎？---Withpleasure.固然可以。seem/look二者都可以作“看起來(lái)”講，但seem示意憑借一些跡象作出的有依據(jù)的推斷，這種推斷往往接近事實(shí)；look著重強(qiáng)調(diào)由視覺(jué)得出的印象。兩者都可跟(tobe)+形容詞和asif從句。如：Heseems/looks(tobe)veryhappytoday.他今日看起來(lái)很快活。Itlooks(seems)asifititisgoingtorain.好似要下雨了。但以下?tīng)顩r中只用seemlook：后跟不定式todo時(shí)。如：Heseemstoknowtheanswer.他好似知道答案。Itseemsthat...構(gòu)造中。如：Itseemsthatheishappiernowthanyesterday.他像比昨天快活些了。bereadytodo/bereadyfor/getreadytodo/getreadyfor(1)bereadytodo和bereadyfo…表示“已作好…的預(yù)備readytodo和getreadyfo…表示“為…做預(yù)備I”mreadytodoanythingyouwantmetodo.我情愿/隨時(shí)預(yù)備做一切做你要我做的事。I”mreadyforanyquestionsyoumayask.我情愿/隨時(shí)預(yù)備答復(fù)你可能問(wèn)的問(wèn)題。He”sgettingreadytoleaveforTokyo.他正預(yù)備動(dòng)身去東京。Let”sgetreadyforthehardmoment.我們?yōu)檫@一困難時(shí)刻作好預(yù)備吧。(3)bereadytodo通?？衫斫狻皹?lè)于做某事benotreadytodoHe”susuallynotreadytolistentoothers.他通常不輕易聽(tīng)從別人。attable/atthetableattable在吃飯，atthetable在桌子旁邊。例如：TheGreensareattable.格林一家人在吃飯。Mr.Blackissittingatthetableandreadingabook.布萊克先生坐在桌旁讀書。reach,arrive/getto三者都有“到達(dá)“之意。reach是及物動(dòng)詞，后直接加名詞，getarrive是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能直接加名詞，須借助于介詞。getto后加名詞地點(diǎn)，假設(shè)跟副詞地點(diǎn)時(shí)，to去掉；arriveat+小地方，arrivein+大地方。如：Lucygottothezoobefore8o”clock.8點(diǎn)前到了動(dòng)物園。WhendidyourparentsarriveinShanghai?你父母何時(shí)到上海的？ItwaslatewhenIgothome.我到家時(shí)天色已晚。sick/ill二者都是形容詞。當(dāng)“生病的，患病“之意時(shí)，ill只作表語(yǔ)，不作定語(yǔ)；而sick既可作表語(yǔ)也可作定語(yǔ)。sick有“嘔吐，惡心“的意思，只能作表語(yǔ)，而ill無(wú)此意。如：LiLeiwasilllastweek.(只作表語(yǔ))李磊上周生病了。He”sasickman.〔作定語(yǔ)〕他是病人。不能說(shuō)成：He”sanillman.Mygrandfatherwassickforamonthlastyear.〔作表語(yǔ)〕我祖父去年病了一個(gè)月。intime/ontimeintime是“準(zhǔn)時(shí)“的意思，ontime是“準(zhǔn)時(shí)，按時(shí)“。如：Ididn”tgettothebusstopintime.我沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)時(shí)趕上汽車。We”llfinishourjobontime.我們要按時(shí)完成任務(wù)。maybe/maybeItmaybeinyourinsidepocket.=Maybeitisinyourinsidepocket.或許在你里邊的口袋里。第maybe是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的謂語(yǔ)局部，意思是“或許是“，“可能是“；其次句maybe是副詞，意思是“可能“perhaps。再如：Maybeyouputitinthatbag.或許你放在了那只包里〔Youmaybeputitinthatbag.〕Itmaybeahat.〔Itmaybeahat.Itmaybeisahat.〕noise/voice/soundnoise指嘈雜聲，噪音大的吵雜聲。voice是指說(shuō)話的聲音，嗓音，嗓子。sound是指耳朵能Don”tmakesomuchnoise!別那么大聲喧嘩！Ididn”trecognizeJohn”svoiceonthetelephone.在里我聽(tīng)不出約翰的聲音。Hespokeinalowvoice.Weheardastrangesound.我們聽(tīng)到了一種驚異的聲音。Soundtravelsfast,butlighttravelsfaster.聲音傳得快，但是光傳得更快。初二英語(yǔ)〔下〕【學(xué)問(wèn)梳理】重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) 1.ontimeoutofallbyoneselflotsofnolongergetbacksoonerorlaterrunawayeatuptakecareofturnoffturnonafterawhilemakefacesteachoneselffalloffplaythepianoknockattoone”ssurpriselookupenjoyoneselfhelpyourselftellastory/storiesleave. behind……comealongholdasportsmeetingbeneckandneckas asnotso/as asdoone”sbesttakepartinamomentlateBadluck!fallbehindhighjumplongjumprelayracewelldone!takeoffasusualapairofatoncehurryoffcometooneselfafterawhile

knockontakecareofatthemomentsetoffhereandthereonwatchlookouttakeone’splace重要句型We’dbetternotdosth.leaveone.oneselffindone’swaytoaplacestandonone’sheadmakesb.Happycatchupwithsb.passonsth.tosomebodyspendtimedoingsth.goondoingsth.getonwellwithsb.beangrywithsb.befedupwithsth.not…until…makeroomforsb.交際用語(yǔ)We’reallbyourselves.Ifellalittleafraid.Don’tbeafraid.Help!Can’tyouhearanything?Ican’thearanything/anybodythere.Maybeit’satiger.Let’sgetitbackbeforetheyeatthefood.Didshelearnallbyherself?Couldsheswimwhenshewas…yearsold?Shedidn’thurtherself.Hecouldn’tbuyhimselfmanynicethings.Didheenjoyhimself?Helpyourselves.Badluck!Comeon! 29.Howkind!Welldone!Congratulations(to…)! 30.Let’smovethebag,oritmaycauseanItmustbeveryinteresting. accident.Idon’tthinkyou’lllikeit. 31.It’sreallyniceofyou.Itseemstobeaninterestingbook. 32.Don’tmentionit.I’msure(that)…I’mnotsureif…I’mnot 33.Don’tcrowdaroundhim.surewhatto…Ihopeso. IV.重要語(yǔ)法Whatwashe/shedrawingwhen…?I’msorrytotroubleyou. 1.不定代詞/副詞的運(yùn)用；Wouldyouplease…? 2.反身代詞的用法；What were you doing at ten o’clock 3.并列句；yesterdaymorning? 4.形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)；Youlooktiredtoday. 5.冠詞的用法；You’dbettergotobedearlytonight,ifyou 6.動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去進(jìn)展時(shí)；can.【名師講解】bring/takeBring表示“帶來(lái)、拿來(lái)take則bring相反，指從說(shuō)話人所在地“拿走、帶走Bringmethebook,please.把那本書給我拿來(lái)。Takesomefoodtotheoldman.給那位老人帶去些食物。somebody/anybody/nobody一般說(shuō)來(lái)，somebody用于定句，anybody用于否認(rèn)句、疑問(wèn)句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：Somebodycametoseeyouwhenyouwereout.你出來(lái)時(shí)有人來(lái)見(jiàn)你。Doesanybodyliveonthisisland?有人在這島上住嗎？Ididn”tseeanybodythere.我在那兒誰(shuí)也沒(méi)觀察。Don”tletanybodyin.I”mtoobusytoseeanybody.別讓任何人進(jìn)來(lái)。我太忙，誰(shuí)也不想見(jiàn)。Thereisnobodyintheroom.房間里沒(méi)人。Nobodytoldmethatyouwereill,soIdidn”tknowaboutit.誰(shuí)也沒(méi)告知我你病了所以我不知道。listen,listento,hear這三個(gè)詞意思都是“聽(tīng)listen作，至于是否聽(tīng)到，并非強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)。如：Listen!Someoneissingingintheclassroom.聽(tīng)！有人在教室唱歌。listentolisten的及物形式，后面肯定要接人或物做賓語(yǔ)，這里的to是介詞。如：Doyoulikelisteningtolightmusic?你寵愛(ài)聽(tīng)輕音樂(lè)嗎？hear可用作及物動(dòng)詞，也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“聽(tīng)到、聽(tīng)見(jiàn)個(gè)聲音，表示無(wú)意識(shí)的動(dòng)作，著重于聽(tīng)的力量和結(jié)果。如Wehearwithourears我們用耳朵聽(tīng)。Shelistensbuthearsnothing.她聽(tīng)了聽(tīng)，但是什么也沒(méi)有聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。many/much/afew/alittle/few/littlemany修飾可數(shù)名詞，much修飾不行數(shù)名詞；都表示很多。例如：Hehasmanybooks.他有很多書。Hedrankmuchmilk.他喝了很多牛奶。afewalittle都表示“有一點(diǎn)兒“，側(cè)重于確定，相當(dāng)于“some“，但afew修飾可數(shù)名詞，alittle修飾不行數(shù)名詞，例如：HehasafewfriendsinLondon.他在倫敦有一些朋友。Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?Yes,justalittle.

點(diǎn)咖啡好嗎？好的，只要一點(diǎn)。fewlittle表示“幾乎沒(méi)有“few后接可數(shù)名詞，littleHeisastrangeman.Hehasfewwords.他是個(gè)怪人，他幾乎不說(shuō)什么話。Hurryup,thereislittletimeleft.趕快，沒(méi)什么時(shí)間了。either/neither/botheither可作形容詞，一般指“兩者中的任何一個(gè)“。有時(shí)也可表示“兩個(gè)都……“的意思，后跟名詞的單數(shù)形式；neither:both:指兩者都，確定。句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)，both后面應(yīng)跟名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Neitherofthefilmsisgood.兩部電〔沒(méi)有一部是好的〕Eitherofthefilmsisgood.〔謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)〕Boththeteachersoftenanswerthequestions.這兩個(gè)教師都經(jīng)常解答問(wèn)題。takepartin/jointakepartin;joinCanyoutakepartinmyparty.你能來(lái)參與我的派對(duì)嗎？Weoftentakepartinmanyschoolactivities.我們經(jīng)常參與學(xué)校里的Hejoinedthepartyin1963.1963Mylittlebrotherjoinedthearmylastyear.我小弟去年參的軍。quite/rather/veryquite表示程度“很，格外，完全地SheisquiterightThat”snotquitewhatIwant.那并不完全是我所要的。ratherIt”srathercoldtoday.今日的天氣相當(dāng)冷。very也可用于不寵愛(ài)的狀況下。應(yīng)留意“avery+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)”構(gòu)造中，“a“應(yīng)置于“very“之前，該構(gòu)造相當(dāng)“quitea/an+形容詞+名詞”的構(gòu)造。如：Twomonthsisquitealongtime./averylongtime.兩個(gè)月是一段很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。It”saveryniceday/quiteaniceday.今日天氣很好。初三年級(jí)〔上〕【學(xué)問(wèn)梳理】 13.largenumbersof重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) 14.alltheyearround15.nomatterwhatatthemoment 16.giveupusedto 17.forexampleforawhile 18.bythewaywalkawaywithsth. 19.onbusinessleavefors