主動被動態(tài)的翻譯

經(jīng)貿(mào)英語翻譯1被動語態(tài)的譯法被動態(tài)使用的場合：1，不必要說出主動者；2，不愿說主動者；3，無從說出主動者；4，強(qiáng)調(diào)被動動作；5，為了行文方便、敘述客觀、措辭得當(dāng)、語氣委婉等。語法學(xué)家解釋：英語多用被動態(tài)，主要在于——著重被動的動作，說話人對行為對象更感興趣；受事方（接受動作的人）是話語的主題或語義中心；受動者更為重要，受事方可以是人也可以是事物；行為動作的主題不明，或無須說出施事方（發(fā)出動作的人）；上下文需要，加強(qiáng)文本的連貫性，銜接更為緊密自然。啟示：英譯漢時(shí)，大量被動語態(tài)的句子需轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語的主動語態(tài)；而漢譯英時(shí)，許多主動句可以譯成英語被動句。21.Visitorsarerequestedtoleavetheircoatsinthecloakroom.請來賓將外套存放衣帽間。2.Yourinquiriesforalltypesofelectricgoodswouldbeappreciated.歡迎來函詢購各種電器商品。3.Weexpectthatthedeliverywillbeeffectedatyourearliestconvenience.盼你方早日交貨。4.Thegoodsareurgentlyneeded.Promptshipmentwillbeappreciated.急需此貨，請即裝運(yùn)。35.ShipmentcanbemadewithintwoweeksafterreceiptofyourL/C.在收到你方信用證的兩星期內(nèi)，我方即可發(fā)貨。6.ShippersarerequestedtonoteparticularlytheexceptionsandconditionsoftheBillofLadingwithreferencetothevalidityoftheinsuranceupontheirgoods.托運(yùn)人務(wù)必注意本提單內(nèi)與該貨保險(xiǎn)效力有關(guān)的免責(zé)事項(xiàng)和條款。7.Thetimedraftwillbesenttoyourforyouracceptancewithinacoupleofdays.我們將于近日內(nèi)送期票給你處承兌。48.ThequotationappearingonourpricelistshouldbeunderstoodasF.O.B.EuropeanMainPorts.務(wù)請注意，我方價(jià)目單所列價(jià)格均為歐洲主要口岸船上交貨價(jià)。9.Ifgoodsofaninflammable,explosiveordangerousnatureareshippedwithoutcontentsbeingpreviouslydeclaredofshippedunderfalsedescription,theymayatanytimebelandedatanyplaceorthrownoverboardordestroyedorrenderedinnocuousbythecarrierwithoutcompensation.托運(yùn)人在裝運(yùn)前若未事先聲明或以錯(cuò)誤品名托運(yùn)易燃、易爆或其它危險(xiǎn)性貨物，承運(yùn)人可隨時(shí)將其卸下、拋棄、銷毀、或采取其他任何辦法使其不能為害，而承運(yùn)人不負(fù)任何賠償責(zé)任?？偨Y(jié)：翻譯英語被動句時(shí)，可以嘗試使用主動態(tài)。51.BillscanbeeasilydiscountedinLondon.匯票在倫敦貼現(xiàn)毫無困難。2.Theagreementhasbeenmadeoutandinitialized.協(xié)議已繕寫完畢并已草簽。3.Yourdraftof12thMarchhasbeenacceptedandwillbegivenourpromptattention.你方3月12日匯票已承兌，到期當(dāng)照付。4.WhenteawasfirstsoldinLondon,thepricewasashighas10Britishpoundsforonpoundoftea.茶初次在倫敦出售時(shí)，每磅價(jià)格高達(dá)10英鎊。5.Thisproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.這個(gè)問題將于明天討論。66.ThegoodswillbeshippedtoChinainfivedifferentlotswithinfiveyears.貨物將在五年內(nèi)分五次向中國發(fā)運(yùn)。7.Theabove-mentionedfundsshallbecontributedincash,inkindandintechnologyasmutuallyagreedbytheParties.上述貨物應(yīng)以雙方同意的資金、實(shí)物和技術(shù)投入?？偨Y(jié)：英語被動句，可以譯成不帶有漢語被動意義標(biāo)記的被動句；動作執(zhí)行者并不出現(xiàn)。71.OurquotationhasbeenacceptedbytheMexicanimporter,whichwillleadtofurtherbusiness.我方的報(bào)價(jià)已被這個(gè)墨西哥進(jìn)口公司接受，這將會帶來更多的生意。2.Money,whichisgenerallyconsideredtobemadeupofbanknotes,coinsandsavings,isusedtopayfororbuyacommodityand/orservice.通常認(rèn)為貨幣由紙幣、輔幣和銀行存款組成，用以購買商品和服務(wù)。3.Therecommendationwillberegardedasvoidunlessitbearstheofficialsealoftheinstitutionthatissuesit.除非推薦書上蓋有簽發(fā)單位的正式印章，否則該推薦書將被視為無效。（也可用rendered）4.HewaselectedChairmanoftheBoard.他被選為董事長。（“當(dāng)選”亦可）85.TheAmericantradedelegationwasgivenaheartywelcome.美國貿(mào)易代表團(tuán)受到熱烈歡迎。6.Afterthesaidlicenseisapproved,weshallestablishanL/Cinyourfavor.許可證獲準(zhǔn)后，即開立以你方為受益人的信用證。7.AllourpricesarequotedC.I.F.totheportofdestination.我方所報(bào)全部價(jià)格均為目的港到岸價(jià)。8.Claims,ifany,mustbemadewithin30daysafterthearrivalofthegoodsatthedestination,afterwhichnoclaimswillbeentertained.萬一/一旦發(fā)生索賠，必須于貨到目的地后30天內(nèi)提出，過期不予受理。99.Commercialinvoicemustbeidentifiedbyaresponsibleindividualwhohasknowledgeof,orcanreadilyobtainknowledgeof,thefactsofthetransaction,andmustbeanemployeeoftheexporter.商業(yè)發(fā)票必須由出口人指定的熟悉本項(xiàng)交易，或可以立即了解本項(xiàng)交易的一名負(fù)責(zé)雇員簽字證明。（或：····由出口人指定專人簽字證明，且此人須是熟悉本項(xiàng)交易，或可立即了解本項(xiàng)交易的一名負(fù)責(zé)雇員。）10.Thiscontractshallbevalidonandfromthe1stdayofFebruary,2005,andanyofthearticlesinthiscontractshallbechangedormodifiedunlessbymutualwrittenconsent.本合同自2005年2月1日起生效，未經(jīng)雙方書面同意，本合同之任何條款不得變更或修改?？偨Y(jié)：漢語的被動標(biāo)記非常復(fù)雜，最常見的有“被”、“受”、“遭”、“所”、“獲”、“給”、“由”、“把”、“使”、“加以”、“予以”、“蒙”、“不得”等等。101.Incaseofnon-delivery,lettersmustbereturnedtothesenders.函件無法投遞時(shí)，務(wù)必退還原寄件人。2.Thecompanyhastopayaheavyrentforthelandifitislocatedintheshoppingcenterofthetown.如果該公司位于城鎮(zhèn)的商業(yè)區(qū)，就得繳付昂貴的土地租金?？偨Y(jié)：漢語中“會議取消了”、“問題已解決了”、“機(jī)器修好了”等看似主動，實(shí)際上卻是被動。11Ithasbeenviewedthat有人指出···Itisassertedthat有人主張···Itisbelievedthat有人相信···；人們相信···Itisclaimedthat有人宣稱···Itisnotedthat有人注意到···Itispreferredthat有人喜歡···Itiswell-knownthat眾所周知；我們知道；大家都知道一些特殊的被動結(jié)構(gòu)Itisreportedthat有人報(bào)告說···Itissometimesaskedthat人們有時(shí)會問···Itisstatedthat有人說···Itistakenthat人們認(rèn)為···；人們認(rèn)為，···Itwastoldthat有人曾說···Itisunderstoodthat大家知道···Itiswell-knownthat（同上）12Itisfairlylesswell-knownthat鮮為人知的是Itisgenerallyconsideredthat大家普遍認(rèn)為；人們普遍認(rèn)為翻譯：1.Governmentalinvolvementisgenerallyconsideredtobedetrimentaltocompetitionandtheoptimalallocationofthefactorsofproduction.人們普遍認(rèn)為政府干預(yù)只會對競爭不利，只會有損于生產(chǎn)要素的最佳配置。2.ThetransformativepoweroftheInternethasbeenfeltunevenly.人們對因特網(wǎng)的變革能力的感受是不一樣的。對因特網(wǎng)的變革能力，人們的感受并不一樣。13無主句Ithasbeendiscussedthat討論了···Ithasbeenillustratedthat據(jù)說明，···；據(jù)圖示，···Itisbelievedthat可以認(rèn)為···；據(jù)信Itisenumeratedthat列舉了Itisfoundthat據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)，···Itisgenerallyagreedthat一般認(rèn)為···Itishopedthat希望···Itisreportedthat據(jù)報(bào)道，···Itissaid/stated/wastoldthat據(jù)說，···Itissupposedthat據(jù)推測，···Itisweighedthat權(quán)衡了···Itmustbesafelysaidthat可以有把握地說，···Itmustbeadmittedthat必須承認(rèn)，···Itmustbepointedoutthat必須指出，···14Itshouldbenotedthat應(yīng)當(dāng)指出，···Itwillbeseenfromthisthat由此可見，··