美國(guó)職業(yè)教育

VOCATIONALEDUCATIONIN

THEUNITEDSTATES

美國(guó)職業(yè)教育AlecturebyDr.LindaJames報(bào)告人：LindaJames博士Thispresentationwillprobablyinvolveaudiencediscussion,whichwillcreateactionitems.UsePowerPointtokeeptrackoftheseactionitemsduringyourpresentationInSlideShow,clickontherightmousebuttonSelect“MeetingMinder”Selectthe“ActionItems”tabTypeinactionitemsastheycomeupClickOKtodismissthisboxThiswillautomaticallycreateanActionItemslideattheendofyourpresentationwithyourpointsentered.VOCATIONALEDUCATIONIN

THEUNITEDSTATES

美國(guó)的職業(yè)教育RecentHistoryofVocationalEducationintheUnitedStates美國(guó)職業(yè)教育的近代歷史CurrentSituationofVocationalEducationintheUnitedStates美國(guó)職業(yè)教育的現(xiàn)狀ForecastofVocationalEducationintheUnitedStates美國(guó)職業(yè)教育的展望

RecentHistoryofVocationalEducationintheUnitedStates美國(guó)職業(yè)教育的近代歷史

CarlPerkinsVocationalandTechnicalEducationActof1994

卡爾·柏金斯1994《職業(yè)技術(shù)教育法案》

Background:背景Originallyauthorizedin19941994年法案首次通過Reauthorizedin19981998年法案再次通過CarlPerkinsVocationalandTechnicalEducationActof1994

卡爾·柏金斯的1994

《職業(yè)技術(shù)教育法案》

Purpose:目的Toprovideacademicandtechnicalskillsnecessaryforaknowledgeandskills-basedsociety提供知識(shí)與技能的社會(huì)所需要的理論與技術(shù)技能Supportscareerandtechnicaleducationthatpreparesforpostsecondaryandcareers支持生涯與技術(shù)教育，為后續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)與職業(yè)生涯做準(zhǔn)備Toprovidefederalresourcestoensureprogramsareacademicallyrigorousandcurrentwiththeneedsofbusinessandindustry提供政府資源，以保證項(xiàng)目理論堅(jiān)實(shí)，并滿足當(dāng)前商業(yè)與工業(yè)需求CarlPerkinsVocationalandTechnicalEducationActof1994Funding:資金Nearly$1.4billionannuallysupportsinnovationandexpansion每年將近14億用以支持創(chuàng)新和擴(kuò)充Stateandlocalfundingsupportsthecareerandtechnicaleducationinfrastructure政府和當(dāng)?shù)刭Y金支持職業(yè)技術(shù)教育的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施Stateandlocalfundingpaysteacherssalariesandotheroperatingexpenses政府和當(dāng)?shù)刭Y金負(fù)責(zé)教師公子和其他運(yùn)作費(fèi)用CarlPerkinsVocationalandTechnicalEducationActof1994

卡爾·柏金斯的1994

《職業(yè)技術(shù)教育法案》

EligibleStates:符合條件的州：Statesthatallocatefundstosecondaryandpostsecondaryschools為中專和大專院校撥款的州StatesreceivetwograntsunderthePerkinsAct接到《柏金斯法案》的兩份贈(zèng)款BasicStateGrantsandTechPrep基本的州政府資助和技術(shù)準(zhǔn)備85%tolocalprogramstargetingdisadvantagedschoolsandstudents85％款項(xiàng)用于那些旨在幫助條件差的學(xué)校和學(xué)生的本地計(jì)劃10%forleadershipactivities10％款項(xiàng)用于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)活動(dòng)5%or$25,000whicheverisgreaterforadministrativeactivities用于行政事務(wù)工作的不能超過5％或者2萬5千元Statesalsoreceiveforcareerguidanceandacademiccounseling州也接受生涯指導(dǎo)和理論咨詢服務(wù)CarlPerkinsVocationalandTechnicalEducationActof1994

卡爾·柏金斯1994

《職業(yè)技術(shù)教育法案》TypesofActivitiesSupported:支持的活動(dòng)類型Drivingprogramimprovement推動(dòng)項(xiàng)目改進(jìn)Developingastrongaccountabilitysystem形成一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的責(zé)任系統(tǒng)Strengtheningtheintegrationofacademic,careerandtechnicaleducation加強(qiáng)理論、生涯與技術(shù)教育的整合Ensuringaccesstocareerandtechnicaleducationforspecialpopulations,includingstudentswithdisabilities保證特殊人群（包括殘疾學(xué)生）能接受生涯與技術(shù)教育Developingandimprovingcurricula開發(fā)和改善課程CarlPerkinsVocationalandTechnicalEducationActof1994

卡爾·柏金斯1994

《職業(yè)技術(shù)教育法案》TypesofActivitiesSupported:Continued支持的活動(dòng)類型（續(xù)）Purchasingequipment購(gòu)買設(shè)備Providingcareerguidanceandacademiccounselingservices提供生涯指導(dǎo)和理論咨詢服務(wù)Providingprofessionaldevelopmentandtechnicalassistanceforteachers,counselorsandadministrators為教師、顧問和管理者提供職業(yè)發(fā)展和技術(shù)幫助Supportingcareerandtechnicalstudentorganizations支持生涯與技術(shù)學(xué)生組織CarlPerkinsVocationalandTechnicalEducationActof1994

卡爾·柏金斯1994

《職業(yè)技術(shù)教育法案》Accountability(currentlaw):責(zé)任（當(dāng)前法律）Allowsformorestateandlocalflexibility給予州和當(dāng)?shù)馗嗟膹椥訰aisesexpectationsforstudents提高對(duì)學(xué)生的期望Holdsstudentsaccountableforacademicstandards使學(xué)生對(duì)學(xué)業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)負(fù)責(zé)CarlPerkinsVocationalandTechnicalEducationActof1994

卡爾·柏金斯1994

《職業(yè)技術(shù)教育法案》ReauthorizationBill(mostrecentaction):再次通過的法案（剛剛完成）March2005–thefullSenateapproveditsPerkinsreauthorizationbill–“CarlD.PerkinsCareerandTechnicalEducationImprovementActof2005”2005年3月—參議院全數(shù)通過柏金斯的修改法案—2005卡爾D.柏金斯生涯與技術(shù)教育改進(jìn)法案ContainschangestothelanguagetoclarifythatPerkinsfundswouldnotbeavailabletosupportfouryeardegreeprograms這一法案包括語言表達(dá)的變化以澄清柏金斯資金將不會(huì)支持四年學(xué)制的計(jì)劃CarlPerkinsVocationalandTechnicalEducationActof1994

卡爾·柏金斯1994

《職業(yè)技術(shù)教育法案》ReauthorizationBill(mostrecentaction):再次通過的法案（最近的法案）May2005–thefullHousevotedtoapproveditsPerkinsreauthorizationbill–“VocationalandTechnicalEducationfortheFutureAct”2005年5月—眾議院全票通過柏金斯修改法案—《未來職業(yè)技術(shù)教育法案》Buildsoncurrentlawandmakespositivechangesincludingseparatesecondaryandpostsecondaryperformancemeasuresandenhancedlocalaccountabilityprovisions該法案建立在當(dāng)前法律基礎(chǔ)上，并進(jìn)行積極修改包括分離中專和大專的績(jī)效評(píng)定以及增加本地的責(zé)任條款。Nextstep–theappointmentofHouseandSenateconfereeswhowillworkoutthedifferencesbetweenthetwochambers下一步—指定參議院和眾議院的議員，他們將得到兩院的差別。CarlPerkinsVocationalandTechnicalEducationActof1994

卡爾·柏金斯1994

《職業(yè)技術(shù)教育法案》NationalStandardsforTechnologicalLiteracy:技術(shù)素養(yǎng)的國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)AfouryeardevelopmentalprocessbytheInternationalTechnologyEducationAssociation國(guó)際技術(shù)教育協(xié)會(huì)歷經(jīng)四年時(shí)間形成（這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）Servesastheessentialcorefortechnologicalknowledgeandskillsforkindergartentograde12students作為基礎(chǔ)教育階段的學(xué)生的核心技術(shù)知識(shí)與技能Anambitiousframeworkforguidingstudentlearning引導(dǎo)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)強(qiáng)大框架Visionofwhatstudentsshouldknowandbeabletodoinordertobetechnologicallyliterate說明具有技術(shù)素養(yǎng)的學(xué)生應(yīng)該知道什么？能夠做什么？CarlPerkinsVocationalandTechnicalEducationActof1994

卡爾·柏金斯1994

《職業(yè)技術(shù)教育法案》NationalStandardsforTechnologicalLiteracy:技術(shù)素養(yǎng)的國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Addressescomputersandtheinternetbutdonotfocusonthesetechnologies–focusisonourvasthuman-builtworld解決計(jì)算機(jī)和Internet問題，但不只集中關(guān)注這些技術(shù)，而是關(guān)注我們巨大的人造世界Alivingdocumentthatwillundergoperiodicreassessmentandreevaluation（這類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是）一個(gè)現(xiàn)存的文獻(xiàn)，它將進(jìn)行周期性的重新估計(jì)與評(píng)價(jià)Willrequirethedevelopmentofnewcurricula,textbooks,andstudentassessments,etc.（這類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是）將需要開發(fā)新的課程、教科書和學(xué)生評(píng)價(jià)方式等。Donotdefinecurriculumforthestudyoftechnologyeducation–thestandardsdescribewhatthecontentoftechnologyeducationshouldbeinkindergartentograde12（這類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）沒有為技術(shù)教育的學(xué)習(xí)限定課程—它描述了基礎(chǔ)教育中的技術(shù)教育的內(nèi)容CurrentSituationofVocationalEducationintheUnitedStates美國(guó)職業(yè)教育現(xiàn)狀StandardsforTechnologicalLiteracy

技術(shù)素養(yǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)FourLevels–四個(gè)層級(jí)BeginningKindergarten–Grade2幼兒園—2年級(jí)Grades3–53到5年級(jí)Grades6–86到8年級(jí)Grades9–129到12年級(jí)Thestandardsandbenchmarksareageandgenderappropriate（技術(shù)素養(yǎng)）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和基準(zhǔn)適合年齡與性別特點(diǎn)Thestandardsaredesignedsothatthematerialateachlevelbuildson,amplifies,andextendsthestandardsandbenchmarksofearliergrades后一級(jí)別的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)均是建立在前一級(jí)別的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和基準(zhǔn)的增加、擴(kuò)展的基礎(chǔ)上。Thestandardspromotecontentconnectionswithotherfieldsofstudyinkindergarten–grade12（技術(shù)素養(yǎng)）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)促進(jìn)了基礎(chǔ)教育里技術(shù)內(nèi)容與其他領(lǐng)域?qū)W習(xí)的關(guān)聯(lián)性。ListingofStandardsforTechnologyLiteracy

技術(shù)素養(yǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)清單StudentswilldevelopanunderstandingofTheNatureofTechnology.Thisincludesacquiringknowledgeof:學(xué)生將會(huì)理解技術(shù)的本質(zhì)，包括獲取下列知識(shí)：Thecharacteristicsandscopeoftechnology技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)和范圍Thecoreconceptsoftechnology技術(shù)的核心觀念Therelationshipamongtechnologiesandotherfields各類技術(shù)之間以及技術(shù)與其他領(lǐng)域之間的關(guān)系ListingofStandardsforTechnologyLiteracy

技術(shù)素養(yǎng)列表StudentswilldevelopanunderstandingofTechnologyandSociety.Thisincludes:學(xué)生將會(huì)理解技術(shù)與社會(huì)，包括：Thecultural,social,economic,andpoliticaleffectsoftechnology技術(shù)的文化、社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治效果Theeffectsoftechnologyontheenvironment技術(shù)對(duì)于環(huán)境的影響效果Theroleofsocietyinthedevelopmentanduseoftechnology社會(huì)在技術(shù)的發(fā)展和使用中所扮演的角色Theinfluenceoftechnologyonhistory技術(shù)對(duì)歷史的影響ListingofStandardsforTechnologyLiteracy

技術(shù)素養(yǎng)列表StudentswilldevelopanunderstandingofDesign.Thisincludesknowabout:學(xué)生將會(huì)了解設(shè)計(jì)，包括知道以下內(nèi)容：Theattributesofdesign設(shè)計(jì)的屬性Engineeringdesign工程設(shè)計(jì)Theroleoftroubleshooting,researchanddevelopment,inventionandinnovation,andexperimentationinproblemsolving

在問題解決過程中故障排除、研究和開發(fā)、發(fā)明與創(chuàng)新，實(shí)驗(yàn)所分別扮演的角色ListingofStandardsforTechnologyLiteracy

技術(shù)素養(yǎng)列表StudentswilldevelopAbilitiesforaTechnologicalWorld.Thisincludesbecomingableto:學(xué)生將會(huì)為置身技術(shù)世界形成必備的能力，包括能夠：Applythedesignprocess應(yīng)用設(shè)計(jì)過程Useandmaintaintechnologicalproductsandsystems使用和維護(hù)技術(shù)產(chǎn)品和系統(tǒng)Assesstheimpactofproductsandsystems評(píng)價(jià)產(chǎn)品和系統(tǒng)的影響ListingofStandardsforTechnologyLiteracy

技術(shù)素養(yǎng)列表StudentswilldevelopanunderstandingofTheDesignedWorld.Thisincludesselectingandusing:學(xué)生將會(huì)形成對(duì)已形成的世界的理解，它包括選擇和使用：Medicaltechnologies醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)Agriculturalandrelatedbiotechnologies農(nóng)業(yè)和相關(guān)的生物技術(shù)Energyandpowertechnologies能源與電力技術(shù)Informationandcommunicationtechnologies信息和交流技術(shù)Transportationtechnologies傳輸技術(shù)Manufacturingtechnologies制造技術(shù)Constructiontechnologies建筑技術(shù)

ForecastofVocationalEducationintheUnitedStates美國(guó)職業(yè)教育的前景

Technology技術(shù)

Varioustools,machines,andsystemsthateveryhumanactivitydependson.Thesetools,machines,systemsvaryfromdevicestogrowfoodandprovidingsheltertocommunication,healthcare,andentertainment.Thesedevices,capabilities,andtheknowledgethataccompaniesthemiscalledtechnology.

每一項(xiàng)人類活動(dòng)依賴不同的工具、機(jī)器和系統(tǒng)。這些工具、機(jī)器和系統(tǒng)范圍涉及從設(shè)備到食物和住所，再到通信、醫(yī)療和娛樂。這些設(shè)備、能力和與之伴隨的知識(shí)即稱之為技術(shù)。

Technology技術(shù)Continued-續(xù)Broadlyspeaking,technologyishowpeoplemodifythenaturalworldtosuittheirownpurposes.Technologysimplymeanstheactofmakingorcrafting,moregenerallyisreferstothediversecollectionofprocessesandknowledgethatpeopleusetoextendhumanabilitiesandtosatisfyhumanneedsandwants.廣義上說，技術(shù)是指人們?cè)鯓痈脑熳匀皇澜缫赃m合他們自身的目標(biāo)。簡(jiǎn)單的說，技術(shù)指制作或者操作的方案，更一般意義上則是指過程與知識(shí)的多方集合，人們用其來擴(kuò)展自身能力和滿足人類需求。TheNeedforTechnologyLiteracy

對(duì)技術(shù)素養(yǎng)的需求

Technologyisevolvingatanextraordinaryrate–newtechnologiesbeingcreatedandexistingtechnologiesbeingimproved技術(shù)正在飛速進(jìn)步——新技術(shù)被創(chuàng)造，現(xiàn)存技術(shù)得到改進(jìn)Peoplemustunderstandandbecomfortablewiththeconceptsandworkingofmoderntechnology人們必須了解并且適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的觀念和運(yùn)作Fromapersonalstandpoint–peoplebenefitathomeandatwork從個(gè)人的角度—人們?cè)诩彝ズ凸ぷ鲌?chǎng)所受益Fromasocietalstandpoint–aninformedcitizenryimprovesthechancesthatdecisionsabouttechnologywillbemaderationallyandresponsibly從社會(huì)的角度—有文化的公民更有可能做出有關(guān)技術(shù)的合理和負(fù)責(zé)任的決定。Agrowingnumberofadvocatesforthestudyoftechnologyinelementary,middle,andsecondaryschools在小學(xué)、中學(xué)和中專有越來越多的人支持技術(shù)學(xué)習(xí)。LearningTechnology

學(xué)習(xí)技術(shù)Agreatbenefitoflearningabouttechnologyisalsolearningtodotechnology技術(shù)學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)巨大的好處也是學(xué)習(xí)使用技術(shù)Abenefitiscarryoutinthelaboratory-classroomtheprocessesthatunderliethedevelopmentoftechnologyintherealworld在實(shí)驗(yàn)室－教室進(jìn)行的技術(shù)研究成為真實(shí)世界技術(shù)發(fā)展的基石Researchindicatesthatmanystudentslearnbestbydoing,ratherthanonlyseeingorhearing研究表明多數(shù)學(xué)生通過做而不只是通過看或聽，學(xué)得最好Thestudyoftechnologyemphasizesandcapitalizesondoing,experimenting技術(shù)學(xué)習(xí)強(qiáng)調(diào)做與試驗(yàn)Studentsintechnologylaboratory-classroomsaretaughtproblem-solvingskillsandaskedtoapplytheseskillsinreal-worldproblems學(xué)生在技術(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)室－課堂環(huán)境里學(xué)習(xí)問題解決的技能并被要求將這些技能應(yīng)用到真實(shí)世界問題中。VOCATIONALEDUATIONINTHESTATEOFCALIFORNIA

加利福尼亞州的職業(yè)教育RecentHistoryofVocationalEducationintheStateofCalifornia加利福尼亞州職業(yè)教育回顧C(jī)urrentSituationofVocationalEducationintheStateofCalifornia加利福尼亞州職業(yè)教育現(xiàn)狀ForecastofVocationalEducationintheStateofCalifornia加利福尼亞州職業(yè)教育前景RecentHistoryofVocationalEducationintheStateofCalifornia

加利福尼亞州職業(yè)教育回顧ImpactonVocationalEducation

職業(yè)教育受到的影響AdynamicchangeintheCaliforniaeconomy加利福尼亞經(jīng)濟(jì)的動(dòng)態(tài)變化Anincreasingdemandforresultsfromsocialinstitutions來自社會(huì)機(jī)構(gòu)的日益增加的需求Newdirectionsinfederalandstateworkforcedevelopment聯(lián)邦和州的勞動(dòng)力發(fā)展新趨向Statewideemploymentgrowthinbusinessservices,healthservices,durablegoodsmanufacturing(computers,officeequipment),engineering,managementservices,constructionandwholesaletrade全州范圍內(nèi)商業(yè)服務(wù)、健康服務(wù)、耐用品制造（計(jì)算機(jī)、辦公設(shè)備）、工程、管理服務(wù)、建筑和批發(fā)貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域內(nèi)職位的增多CurrentSituationofVocationalEducationintheStateofCalifornia加利福尼亞職業(yè)教育現(xiàn)狀CaliforniaEducationCodeThegoverningBoardshallprescribeseparatecoursesofstudyincluding,butnotlimitedto,acourseofstudytoprepareprospectivepupilsforadmissiontostatecollegesanduniversities,andacourseofstudyforcareertechnicaltraining.(Section51224,1977)理事會(huì)將規(guī)定各自獨(dú)立的學(xué)習(xí)課程，包括（但不僅限于）一類課程是為有意的學(xué)生進(jìn)入學(xué)院或者大學(xué)做準(zhǔn)備，另一類學(xué)習(xí)課程則是生涯技術(shù)訓(xùn)練。CaliforniaStatePlanforVocationalandTechnicalEducation

加利福尼亞州的職業(yè)技術(shù)教育計(jì)劃Alignswiththepremisethateducatorsmustfocusonacademicandcareer

education前提是教育者必須關(guān)注學(xué)術(shù)和生涯教育ServesasablueprintforlocaleducatorsandCAStateDepartmentofEducationstaff作為當(dāng)?shù)亟逃吆图永Ｄ醽喼萁逃抗ぷ魅藛T的藍(lán)本ForecastofVocationalEducationfortheStateofCalifornia加利福尼亞州職業(yè)教育展望NecessaryChanges

必要的改變EducationalopportunitiesmustincreasetomeetthedemandsbyCalifornia’sburgeoningpopulation一定要提高教育機(jī)會(huì)以滿足加利福尼亞迅速膨脹的人口要求Changesinworkorganizationsandtechnologywillmakefrontlineworkersresponsibleforoperationalimprovement,problem-solving,andqualitycontrol工作組織和技術(shù)的改變將使一線工人對(duì)操作改善、問題解決和質(zhì)量控制負(fù)有責(zé)任AllCaliforniastudentsshouldgainadvancedliteracyandmathematicsskills所有的加利福尼亞學(xué)生應(yīng)該取得高級(jí)的讀寫和數(shù)學(xué)技能。AllCaliforniastudentsmustgainsophisticatedtechnicalcompetenciesandtheabilitytounderstandtheinterdependencyamongallaspectsofanindustry所有的加利福尼亞學(xué)生必須取得熟練的技術(shù)能力以及了解某一行業(yè)中所有方面間相關(guān)性的能力。NecessaryChangescontinued:

必要的改變（續(xù)）Vocationalandtechnicaleducationcannotbeanindependentreform,itmustbeinterrelatedwithotherstatewidereforms職業(yè)技術(shù)教育不是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的變革，它必須和其他州際改革聯(lián)系起來。Vocationalandtechnicaleducationmustanticipatethatchangewillcontinueatarapidpace職業(yè)與技術(shù)教育必須預(yù)見到變化將以一個(gè)快速的速度持續(xù)Inordertobemoreeffective,peoplewillneedtobeacquaintedwithCalifornia’sculturaldiversitypeople為了更加有效，人們需要熟悉加利福尼亞文化的多元性Vocationalandtechnicaleducationmustbeanintegralpartoftheeducationsystemfromelementaryschoolthroughgraduateschool職業(yè)技術(shù)教育必須成為教育系統(tǒng)（從小學(xué)到研究生院）的一個(gè)必不可缺的組成成分。CaliforniaCareerTechnicalEducation(CTE)ModelCurriculumStandardsBackground

加利福尼亞生涯技術(shù)教育課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)背景TheCaliforniaStateDepartmentofEducationidentifiedthe15highest-employingorpotentiallyhighestemployingindustrygroupswithinCalifornia加利福尼亞州教育部確定了州內(nèi)的15個(gè)最高雇用或潛在最高雇用的行業(yè)組織Theindustrysectorswereselectedonthefollowingcriteria:這些行業(yè)是按照下列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)選出：Offersatleast100individualjobtitles至少提供100個(gè)個(gè)體工作職位Hasacorecontentofatleastsevenstandards含有至少7個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的核心內(nèi)容Offersahighgrowthpotential提供高的發(fā)展?jié)摿rovidesforwork-basedlearningopportunities提供在職的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)CTEStandardsBackground

CTE標(biāo)準(zhǔn)背景Continued–（續(xù)）RecognizedtheimportanceofCTEwithinkindergarten–grade12system明確CTE在基礎(chǔ)教育系統(tǒng)中的重要性RequiresthatCTEprogramsarelinkedtocurrentandfutureeconomyCTE要與當(dāng)前和未來的經(jīng)濟(jì)相聯(lián)系Continued–（續(xù)）IntendsthatCTEshallimproveconditionsforstudentsandtheeconomy:期望CTE會(huì)提高學(xué)生和經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況Education教育

Economy經(jīng)濟(jì) Productiveandself- Skilledavailableworkforce多產(chǎn)與自我勞動(dòng)者擁有技術(shù)熟練的工人 sufficientstudents充足的學(xué)生 Productivity生產(chǎn)力 Postsecondaryeducation Improvedeconomy大專教育改善的經(jīng)濟(jì) Engagementinschool 上學(xué) Academicskills Lesspublicassistance

理論技能更少的公眾協(xié)助 Technicalskills技術(shù)技能 Careerladders生涯進(jìn)階 Careermanagement生涯管理 Innovation創(chuàng)新 Qualityoflife 生活質(zhì)量 Bettercommunities更好的交流

CTEStandardsBackground

CTE標(biāo)準(zhǔn)背景CTEStandardsBackground

CTE標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的背景Continued–續(xù)Requiresadvisorycommittee,withstrongbusinessandlaborrepresentation需要咨詢委員會(huì)，充分代表商業(yè)與勞動(dòng)（機(jī)構(gòu)）RequiresStateBoardApproval需要州董事會(huì)的同意StandardsAdoptionJune20052005年6月采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)FrameworkAdoptionJune20062006年6月采用框架Buildsuponexistingsystem建立在現(xiàn)存系統(tǒng)之上Rethinksrelationshipbetweenacademicandcareerpreparation重新思考學(xué)術(shù)知識(shí)和生涯準(zhǔn)備之間的關(guān)系ModelCTEStandardsDesign

CTE標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)計(jì)模型15-IndustryClusters15個(gè)工業(yè)群FoundationStandards–10standardsthatincludeknowledgeandskillsstudentsareexpectedtoknowacrosseachcluster基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)—10個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，包括在所有工作群中學(xué)生均需掌握的知識(shí)與技能Pathways–4–8pathwaysineachclusterthatdefinethespecifictechnicalknowledgeandskillforstudentsconcentratinginacareerarea分類—在每一工業(yè)群中有4－8個(gè)分類，他們說明學(xué)生在某一生涯領(lǐng)域內(nèi)需要掌握的特定技術(shù)知識(shí)與技能Pathwayshavefrom8–12standards,with3–5subcomponents分類中有8－12個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，每一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有3－5個(gè)子成分。15IndustryClusters15個(gè)工業(yè)群Agriculture 農(nóng)業(yè)Arts,Media藝術(shù)、傳媒Building,Trades建筑、貿(mào)易Education,ChildDevelopment教育、兒童發(fā)展Energy能源FashionandInterior裝飾與室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)Finance金融HealthScience健康科學(xué)Hospitality飯店業(yè)InformationTechnology信息技術(shù)Manufacturing制造業(yè)PublicService公共服務(wù)Transportation交通FoundationStandards基礎(chǔ)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)1. AcademicFoundations理論基礎(chǔ)2. Communications溝通3. CareerPlanningandManagement生涯規(guī)劃和管理4. Technology技術(shù)5. ProblemSolvingandCriticalThinking問題解決能力和批判性思維6. Health,Safety,andEnvironmentalManagement健康、安全和環(huán)境管理7. ResponsibilityandFlexibility責(zé)任感和適應(yīng)性8. EthicsandLegalResponsibilities道德和法律責(zé)任9. LeadershipandTeamwork領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力和協(xié)作能力10.TechnicalKnowledgeandSkills技術(shù)知識(shí)和技能FoundationStandardExample

基礎(chǔ)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)例Health,Safety,andEnvironmentalManagement健康、安全與環(huán)境管理Commontoallclusters所有群都包含：

6.0Studentsunderstandhealthandsafetypractices,policies,andproceduresandregulations,includingequipmentandhazardousmaterialhandling學(xué)生理解健康和安全慣例、政策和程序以及規(guī)章制度，其中包括設(shè)備和有害物質(zhì)的處理BuildingTrades建筑行業(yè)6.1Identifylocal,state,andfederalregulatoryagenciesthataffectthebuildingtradesandconstructionindustry了解會(huì)影響建筑行業(yè)的當(dāng)?shù)?、州和政府的制度?guī)范部門HealthScience健康科學(xué)6.1Knowhowtodetermineappropriatemedicaland surgicalasepsisingivensituations知道在特定的情況下怎樣確定合適的藥物和手術(shù)處理ModelCTEStandardsDesign

CTE標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)計(jì)模型Continued–（續(xù)）Standardsaredesignedforallstudentsandteachers標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是為所有的學(xué)生和教師而設(shè)計(jì)Standardsaredesignedtofacilitatetechnicalandacademiclearning設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是為促進(jìn)技術(shù)和理論學(xué)習(xí)Standardsarewrittenattheknowingandunderstandinglevel標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在可知和可理解的層次上進(jìn)行編寫Standardsarewrittenasdeclarative,procedural,andcontextualstatements標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是宣言性的、程序性的、情境性的聲明。Continued–（續(xù)）Standardsdescribethefinallevelsofknowledgeandskillsstudentsareexpectedtomaster標(biāo)準(zhǔn)描述了期望學(xué)生最終掌握的知識(shí)和技能Standardsarekepttoareasonablenumber標(biāo)準(zhǔn)保持在一個(gè)合理的數(shù)目上Standardscanbeusedtoguidethelocaldevelopmentofpathwaysandcourses標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以用來引導(dǎo)分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和課程的本地發(fā)展Standardssupportaseamlesstransitiontopostsecondaryeducationandcareerentry標(biāo)準(zhǔn)支持大專教育向職業(yè)生涯的無縫過渡ModelCTEStandardsDesign

CTE標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)計(jì)模型VOCATIONALEDUCATION

IN

LongBeachUnifiedSchoolDistrictLongBeach,California,USA加州長(zhǎng)灘聯(lián)合學(xué)區(qū)的職業(yè)教育CareerandTechnicalEducation

生涯與技術(shù)教育LongBeachUnifiedSchoolDistrictLongBeach,California,USA加州長(zhǎng)灘聯(lián)合學(xué)區(qū)CareerandTechnicalEducationGoals

生涯與技術(shù)教育目標(biāo)ToprovideLBUSDstudentswithtechnicalexperienceswhicharesupportedbyacademicconceptstoimprovestudentachievement.目標(biāo)之一是提供給長(zhǎng)灘聯(lián)合學(xué)區(qū)的學(xué)生得到理論概念支撐的技術(shù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，以提高學(xué)生的成就。Toworkwithstudents,parentsandstaffinpromotingcollegeandpostsecondarycareeroptions,includingcoordinationofCareerCenteractivities.為促進(jìn)大學(xué)和大專就業(yè)選擇，與學(xué)生、家長(zhǎng)和教師共同工作，包括職業(yè)中心活動(dòng)的協(xié)調(diào)。Facilitatingcollegeandfinancialaideapplicationprocessesforallstudents.為所有的學(xué)生加快學(xué)院與財(cái)政資助的申請(qǐng)過程CareerandTechnicalEducation

生涯與技術(shù)教育Responsibilities職責(zé)Industrial/Career/TechnologyEducationCurriculumDepartments工業(yè)/職業(yè)/技術(shù)教育課程部門CareerCenters職業(yè)中心TeacherRecruitment教師招聘Career/CollegeExplorationNight職業(yè)/學(xué)校探索之夜JuniorAchievement青年成就組織ELCAPerkinsandGeneralFundAdministration柏金斯和一般資金管理部門CTE(Continued)CTE續(xù)AcademicContentIntegrationintoTechnicalCourses理論內(nèi)容整合到技術(shù)課程中CareerandCollegePlanningModules生涯與大學(xué)規(guī)劃模塊WorkPermitProgram(issueandcompliance)工作許可程序MagnetProgramSupport磁性計(jì)劃支助CareerPathways職業(yè)道路Articulation清晰度WorkExperience工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)DECAProgramSupportDECA計(jì)劃支助CurriculumSupport

課程支持ConductmeetingswithDepartmentHeads與部門首腦舉行會(huì)議ProvideCTE,CourseOutline,andAcademicStandardsworkshopsforteachers為教師提供CTE、課程大綱和理論標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的研討會(huì)議SupportProfessionalDevelopmentopportunities提供專業(yè)發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)SupportCourseOutlinedevelopmentandrevisionopportunitiesinconjunctionwithOCIPD支持課程大綱的開發(fā)和修改以與OCIPD相接合MeetmonthlywithCurriculumLeaders每月與課程領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者會(huì)面LiaisontoLACountyOfficeofEducation,CaliforniaDepartmentofEducationandIndustryPartners與LA縣教育辦事處、加利福尼亞教育部和工業(yè)合作者聯(lián)合CareerandTechEdCourses

生涯與技術(shù)教育課程HighEndTechnicalClasses:高中教育技術(shù)課程ComputerGraphics,ElementsofDesign,MultimediaCommunications,MACComputerGraphics計(jì)算機(jī)圖形學(xué)、設(shè)計(jì)原理、多媒體交流、MAC計(jì)算機(jī)制圖學(xué)DigitalArtandImaging,InteractiveAnimation,DigitalFilmMaking,InteractiveMultimedia數(shù)字藝術(shù)與成像、交互動(dòng)畫、數(shù)字電影制作、交互媒體EngineeringCore,EngineeringTech/MESA,EngineeringGraphics,TECHChallenge,PrincipalsofEngineering工程核心、工程技術(shù)/MESA、工程制圖、TECH挑戰(zhàn)、工程原理ProgrammingOracle,ComputerDiagnostics,InternationalMarketingOracle程序設(shè)計(jì)、計(jì)算機(jī)診斷學(xué)、國(guó)際市場(chǎng)學(xué)EXCEL/Powerpoint,CISCONetworkingEXCEL/Powerpoint，思科網(wǎng)絡(luò)CTECourses(Continued)CTE課程（續(xù)）TraditionalCTECoursesOffered:傳統(tǒng)的CTE課程包括：Electronics,DesignandFabrication,Woods電子學(xué)、設(shè)計(jì)和制作、林學(xué)ComputerApplications,KeyboardingandAccounting,SalesandMarketing計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)、營(yíng)銷和市場(chǎng)ArchitecturalDraftingandDesign建筑規(guī)劃與設(shè)計(jì)ParentandChild,FoodsandEffectiveLiving,FamilyandConsumerScience家長(zhǎng)與子女，食物與高效生活、家庭和消費(fèi)科學(xué)GraphicArts,GraphicDesign,Photography圖形藝術(shù)、圖形設(shè)計(jì)、攝影AutoTechnology自動(dòng)化技術(shù)IntroductiontoCommunications通信入門AcademicContentIntegration

理論內(nèi)容的整合AcademicStandards/IndustrialandTechnicalStandardsnotebookcreated形成理論標(biāo)準(zhǔn)/工業(yè)和技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指南AcademicStandardsareintegratedintonewandrevisedcourseoutlines理論標(biāo)準(zhǔn)整合到新的修改過的課程大綱中AllCTEdepartmentheadshaveStandardsResourceNotebook所有的CTE部門領(lǐng)導(dǎo)都有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)資源指南CareerCenters職業(yè)中心StaffedbySchooltoCareerCounselorandCareerCenterSupervisor人員包括學(xué)校到職業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)變的顧問和職業(yè)中心的管理人員Responsiblefordisseminatingcollegeapplications,scholarshipandSAT/ACTinformation負(fù)責(zé)發(fā)布學(xué)院申請(qǐng)、獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金和SAT/ACT信息LiaisontoUniversities,CommunityColleges,PrivateColleges,ApprenticeProgramsandMilitary聯(lián)合大學(xué)、社區(qū)學(xué)院、私立學(xué)校、學(xué)徒計(jì)劃和軍事院校CoordinateRegionalOccupationProgram調(diào)整地區(qū)職業(yè)計(jì)劃AdministerPerkinsFundsonsite管理本地的柏金斯基金ProvideinformationaboutVocationalandWorkExperienceOpportunities提供關(guān)于工作機(jī)會(huì)的信息AssistwithJobPlacementandServiceLearning協(xié)助工作更換和在職學(xué)習(xí)HighSchoolsiteCollegeandJobFairsupport支持高中當(dāng)?shù)氐膶W(xué)院與工作市場(chǎng)Career/CollegeExplorationNight

職業(yè)/大學(xué)探索之夜HostedbyCalStateLongBeachatthePyramidinNovember由加州長(zhǎng)灘聯(lián)合學(xué)區(qū)11月在金字塔主辦Over175universities,communitycolleges,vocationalprograms,technicalschools,communityorganizationsandthemilitaryrepresented超過175所大學(xué)、社區(qū)學(xué)院、職業(yè)計(jì)劃、技術(shù)學(xué)校、社區(qū)組織和軍事院校參加Over4,000studentsandparentsattend超過4000名學(xué)生和家長(zhǎng)參加Busingprovidedfromselectedhighschools選定一些高中提供汽車JuniorAchievement

青年成就組織InspiringK-8studentstolearnthe“EconomicsofLife”throughFreeEnterpriseeducation激勵(lì)k-8學(xué)生通過免費(fèi)的企業(yè)教育學(xué)習(xí)“生活經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)”。Developsnetworkofvolunteerswhoteachstudentscareers,economics,andbusinessconceptsintheclassroom發(fā)展自愿者網(wǎng)絡(luò)，他們?cè)谡n堂上教授學(xué)生職業(yè)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和商業(yè)思想Successfulbridgebetweenbusinessandeducation商業(yè)與教育之間成功的橋梁EconomicLiteracyandCareerAwareness(ELCA)

經(jīng)濟(jì)素養(yǎng)和職業(yè)意識(shí)FocusonIntroducing8thgradestudentstohighschool,careeroptions,business,andcolleges關(guān)注于向8年級(jí)的學(xué)生介紹高中、職業(yè)選擇、商業(yè)以及大學(xué)。Outreachtomiddleschools,andcontinuesinhighschools超越中學(xué)，在高中延續(xù)Visitstolocalbusinesses,collegesandhighschools訪問本地商業(yè)、大學(xué)和高中GuestSpeakerswithfocusoneducationpreparationandcareeropportunities關(guān)注教育準(zhǔn)備和職業(yè)機(jī)遇的客席講者Personalfinancemanagementskills個(gè)人財(cái)務(wù)管理技能Personalcareerinterests/values/development個(gè)人職業(yè)興趣/價(jià)值/發(fā)展CareerandCollegePlanningModules

生涯與大學(xué)規(guī)劃模塊Createdfor9thand11thGradestudents為9和11年級(jí)的學(xué)生而設(shè)ResourceNotebookdevelopedforallcounselorsdistrictwide為地區(qū)內(nèi)的所有顧問提供資源指南SummarySheetstobeusedbycounselorsforallstudents顧問為所有學(xué)生使用總結(jié)表Parentcomponentforimprovedcommunication家長(zhǎng)部分是為改善交流Consistentcareerandcollegeinformationprovidedtoallstudents為學(xué)生提供持續(xù)的職業(yè)和學(xué)校信息。CareerPathways職業(yè)道路DevelopedtoprovidelogicalsequenceofCareerandTechnicalEd.Classes用以提供一系列合乎邏輯的職業(yè)和技術(shù)教育課程BestpracticeisforROPclasstobe“Capstone”,orculminatingclassofsequence最好的實(shí)踐是使ROP課程成為頂級(jí)課程或者終極課程。RequiredforPerkinsFunding需要柏金斯基金communitycollegesanduniversityclassesalsoidentifiedwithinsequences社區(qū)學(xué)院和大學(xué)的課程也要體現(xiàn)在系列課程范圍內(nèi)TeacherRecruitment教師招聘CollaboratewithHRSinrecruitmentofIndustrialandTechnologyEducationteachers在招聘工業(yè)和技術(shù)教育教師時(shí)與人力資源部分合作ParticipantonCaliforniaCommissiononTeacherCredentialing–CSETIndustrialandTechnologyEducationTestDevelopmentPanel加州教師認(rèn)證評(píng)審會(huì)參與者—CSET工業(yè)技術(shù)教育測(cè)試開發(fā)組PartnerwithCalStateLAonNSFIndustrialandTechnologyEducationTeacherTrainingGrant參加加利福尼亞州LA關(guān)于NSF工業(yè)和技術(shù)教育教師培訓(xùn)NewTeacherTrainingWorkshops–(InDevelopment)新的教師培訓(xùn)研究會(huì)議（在籌劃中）PerkinsFundAdministration

柏金斯基金管理FederalPerkinsFunds–03/04-$867,000聯(lián)邦柏金斯基金－03/04－867,000美元SchooltoCareerCounselors–3.9FTE學(xué)校到職業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)變的咨詢顧問－3.9FTECareerCenterSupervisors–3.8FTE,04/05職業(yè)中心管理人員－3.8FTE，04/05IndustrialandTechnology,FamilyandConsumerScience,andBusinessClassSupplies/Materials工業(yè)和技術(shù)，家庭和消費(fèi)科學(xué)和商業(yè)級(jí)別供應(yīng)品/原材料CareerCenterandClassroomCollegeAides職業(yè)中心和課堂－大學(xué)資助DECAActivitiesandAdvisorsDECA活動(dòng)和顧問SpecialEd.VocationalCollegeAides特殊的教育職業(yè)學(xué)院資助CTEStaff-1.2FTECTE工作人員－1.2FTEMiddleSchoolTechnologySupport中學(xué)技術(shù)支持CurriculumandStaffDevelopment課程和教師發(fā)展CTEFieldTripstoBusiness,IndustryandCollegesCTE商業(yè)、工業(yè)和學(xué)院的實(shí)地實(shí)習(xí)GeneralFund普通基金

DistrictFunds=$568,632in03-04地區(qū)基金＝在03－04年度共568,632美元SchooltoCareerCounselors-.6FTE學(xué)校到職業(yè)的顧問－0.6FTECareerCenterSupervisors–3.9FTE職業(yè)中心管理人員－3.9FTECTEStaff–2.28FTECTE工作人員－2.28FTETechnicalandinstructionalsupporttoteachers/sites給教師/場(chǎng)地提供技術(shù)和教學(xué)支持Middleschoolarticulationtohighschool中學(xué)過渡到高中Accountant審計(jì)CareerCentermaterialsandsupplies職業(yè)中心材料和補(bǔ)給EmployeeBenefits職工利益JuniorAchievement,Boeing,CareerAwarenessinElementary,Mini-GrantCoordinator青年成就組織、波音、初步的職業(yè)意識(shí)、微型協(xié)調(diào)員ELCAArticula