海商法課件第四章5

5.Theperiodofresponsibilityofthecarrier

“Theperiodofliability”:thescopeoftimethatthecarriershouldbeliableforthelossanddamageofgoods(組圖1組圖2組圖3）

HR、Hv.RArt.7：

HbR：Art.4：

RmR:Art.12

CMC46：Theperiodofliabilityisdifferentbetweencontainercargoesandnon-containercargoes.TheperiodofliabilityforcontainercargoesisexpressedbydifferentcombinationamongCY-CFS-DOORQuestion:Ifthecauseofdamageofgoodshappenswithintheperiodofliabilitybuttheresultofdamageofgoodsoccursoutsideoftheperiodofliability.Howtodealwiththiskindofsituation?6.Basicresponsibilitiesoftheshipper

（1）provideagreedgoodsandproperlypackthegoods（CMC66）（2）handletheproceduresfortheexportofgoodsintime（CMC67）（3）theobligationfortransportingdangerousgoods（CMC68

ContractLaw307)（4）theobligationofpayingfreightandotherfees（CMC69）（5）theobligationforcompensationoftheshipper:thebasisofliabilityisfaultliabilitysystem,exceptArt.66、67、68.（CMC70）

RmR:Art30,31,32:presumptionoffault,theobligationofprovidinginformationofgoodsanddangerousgoodsisstrictliability.7.theobligationsoftheconsignee(1)TheobligationofpayingfreightandotherfeesB/LB/LB/Ltheshipperthecarrier

theconsignee

Art.69托運人應(yīng)當按照約定向承運人支付運費

Article69Theshippershallpaythefreighttothecarrierasagreed.Art.78(2)Theshipperandthecarriermayreachanagreementthatthefreightshallbepaidbytheconsignee.However,suchanagreementshallbenotedinthetransportdocuments.RmR:第42條“預付運費”合同事項載有“預付運費”聲明或類似性質(zhì)聲明的，承運人不能以運費尚未支付這一主張對抗持有人或收貨人。持有人或收貨人也是托運人的，本條不適用。RmR:

article42Ifthecontractparticularscontainthestatement

“freightprepaid”orastatementofasimilarnature,thecarriercannotassertagainsttheholderortheconsigneethefactthatthefreighthasnotbeenpaid.Thisarticledoesnotapplyiftheholderortheconsigneeisalsotheshipper.收貨人、提單持有人不承擔在裝貨港發(fā)生的滯期費、虧艙費和其他與裝貨有關(guān)的費用，但是提單中明確載明上述費用由收貨人、提單持有人承擔的除外。Neithertheconsigneenortheholderofthebillofladingshallbeliableforthedemurrage,deadfreightandallotherexpensesinrespectofloadingoccurredattheloadingportunlessthebillofladingclearlystatesthattheaforesaiddemurrage,deadfreightandallotherexpensesshallbebornebytheconsigneeandtheholderofthebilloflading.（2）theobligationofreceivingthegoodstimelyDispute:receivingthegoodsisrightorobligation?

ContractLaw309andRmR43,47(1)第43條接受交貨的義務(wù)：當貨物到達目的地后，要求交付貨物的收貨人應(yīng)在運輸合同約定時間和期限內(nèi)，在運輸合同約定的地點接受交貨。如無此種約定，則在考慮合同條款和行業(yè)習慣、慣例以及運輸情形，能夠合理預期的交貨時間、地點接受交貨。Whenthegoodshavearrivedattheirdestination,theconsigneethatdemandsdeliveryofthegoodsunderthecontractofcarriageshallacceptdeliveryofthegoodsatthetimeorwithinthetimeperiodandatthelocationagreedinthecontractofcarriageor,failingsuchagreement,atthetimeandlocationatwhich,havingregardtothetermsofthecontract,thecustoms,usagesorpracticesofthetradeandthecircumstancesofthecarriage,deliverycouldreasonablybeexpected.第47（1）條：可轉(zhuǎn)讓運輸單證或可轉(zhuǎn)讓電子運輸記錄的持有人有權(quán)在貨物到達目的地后向承運人主張?zhí)崛∝浳铩?。Theholderofthenegotiabletransportdocumentornegotiableelectronictransportrecordisentitledtoclaimdeliveryofthegoodsfromthecarrieraftertheyhavearrivedattheplaceofdestination.

Thehandlingofnon-takingdeliveryofgoods,delayindeliveryandrefusaltodelivery

CMC86

Thereasonsofnon-takingdeliveryofgoods:1.Disputesofcontractofsales2.Disputesofcontractoftransportation3.Thechangeoflawsatportofdestination4.Theconsigneecan’tgetcertificateofimportlicense.8.Legalstatusoftheemployeesandagentsofthecarrier

HimalayasClauseCMC58Iftheactionisbroughtagainstthecarrier'semployeesoragents(independentcontractor,notthecarrier),thentheemployeesoragentsareentitledtoquotethedefensesandlimitofliabilityofthecarrierintheHagueRules.9.Legalstatusoftheactualcarrierandhisemployeesandagents（1）Thedefinitionoftheactualcarrier

CMC42（2）（2）Legalstatus（CMC60、61、62、63、64、65）

shipownercharterershipper10.Cancellationofthecontractof

carriageofgoodsbysea

解除合同任意解除/自愿解除因一方違約而解除因合同受阻(frustrationofcontract)而解除CMC第90條第91條開航前任意解除開航后任意解除CMC第89條《合同法》第93、94、308條CMC78

承運人同收貨人、提單持有人之間的權(quán)利、義務(wù)關(guān)系，依據(jù)提單的規(guī)定確定。

Therelationshipbetweenthecarrierandtheholderofthebillofladingwithrespecttotheirrightsandobligationsshallbedefinedbytheclausesofthebilloflading.

收貨人、提單持有人不承擔在裝貨港發(fā)生的滯期費、虧艙費和其他與裝貨有關(guān)的費用，但是提單中明確載明上述費用由收貨人、提單持有人承擔的除外。

Neithertheconsigneenortheholderofthebillofladingshallbeliableforthedemurrage,deadfreightandallotherexpensesinrespectofloadingoccurredattheloadingportunlessthebillofladingclearlystatesthattheaforesaiddemurrage,deadfreightandallotherexpensesshallbebornebytheconsigneeandtheholderofthebilloflading.CMC42(1)(3)

本章下列用語的含義：

ForthepurposesofthisChapter:

（一）“承運人”，是指本人或者委托他人以本人名義與托運人訂立海上貨物運輸合同的人。

(1)"Carrier"meansthepersonbywhomorinwhosenameacontractofcarriageofgoodsbyseahasbeenconcludedwithashipper;

（三）“托運人”，是指：

1.本人或者委托他人以本人名義或者委托他人為本人與承運人訂立海上貨物運輸合同的人；

2.本人或者委托他人以本人名義或者委托他人為本人將貨物交給與海上貨物運輸合同有關(guān)的承運人的人。

(3)"Shipper"means:

a)Thepersonbywhomorinwhosenameoronwhosebehalfacontractofcarriageofgoodsbyseahasbeenconcludedwithacarrier;b)Thepersonbywhomorinwhosenameoronwhosebehalfthegoodshavebeendeliveredtothecarrierinvolvedinthecontractofcarriageofgoodsbysea;CMC69（1）

托運人應(yīng)當按照約定向承運人支付運費。

Theshippershallpaythefreighttothecarrierasagreed.

托運人與承運人可以約定運費由收貨人支付；但是，此項約定應(yīng)當在運輸單證中載明。

Theshipperandthecarriermayreachanagreementthatthefreightshallbepaidbytheconsignee.However,suchanagreementshallbenotedinthetransportdocuments.CMC72(1)

貨物由承運人接收或者裝船后，應(yīng)托運人的要求，承運人應(yīng)當簽發(fā)提單。

Whenthegoodshavebeentakenoverbythecarrierorhavebeenloadedonboard,thecarriershall,ondemandoftheshipper,issuetotheshipperabilloflading.2008TheRotterdamRules—Documentaryshipper

托運人以外的，同意在運輸單證或電子運輸記錄中記名為“托運人”的人。

apersonotherthantheshipper,thatacceptstobenamedas“shipper”inthetransportdocumentorelectronictransportrecord.

第35條規(guī)定：除非雙方約定不使用運輸單證或電子運輸記錄，否則，貨物一經(jīng)向承運人或履約方交付運輸，托運人，或經(jīng)托運人同意的單證托運人，有權(quán)按照托運人的選擇，從承運人處獲得可轉(zhuǎn)讓運輸單證或不可轉(zhuǎn)讓運輸單證。

Unlesstheshipperandthecarrierhaveagreednottouseatransportdocumentoranelectronictransportrecord,oritisthecustom,usageorpracticeofthetradenottouseone,upondeliveryofthegoodsforcarriagetothecarrierorperformingparty,theshipperor,iftheshipperconsents,thedocumentaryshipper,isentitledtoobtainanegotiabletransportdocumentoranon-negotiabletransportdocumentfromthecarrier,attheshipper’soption.CMC43

承運人或者托運人可以要求書面確認海上貨物運輸合同的成立。但是，航次租船合同應(yīng)當書面訂立。電報、電傳和傳真具有書面效力。

Thecarrierortheshippermaydemandconfirmationofthecontractofcarriageofgoodsbyseainwriting.However,voyagechartershallbedoneinwriting.Telegrams,telexesandtelefaxeshavetheeffectofwrittendocuments.CMC47

承運人在船舶開航前和開航當時，應(yīng)當謹慎處理，使船舶處于適航狀態(tài)，妥善配備船員、裝備船舶和配備供應(yīng)品，并使貨艙、冷藏艙、冷氣艙和其他載貨處所適于并能安全收受、載運和保管貨物。

Thecarriershall,beforeandatthebeginningofthevoyage,exerciseduediligencetomaketheshipseaworthy,properlyman,equipandsupplytheshipandtomaketheholds,refrigeratingandcoolchambersandallotherpartsoftheshipinwhichgoodsarecarried,fitandsafefortheirreception,carriageandpreservation.

散貨及其他非集裝箱貨裝卸組圖

Picturesofloadingandunloadingofbulkcargoesandothernon-containercargoesjiLoadinggrainintothebulkcarrierANAISLANDatImminghamDocks,England.Oneeyeontheweatherallthetime!!!Onedropofrainand"...Getthehatchcoversonquick!"Insideoneofthe7holdsofapanamaxbulker.Abulldozer"sweepingup"thelastofthecargo.圖為將海運貿(mào)易貨物吊裝到運輸貨輪上。Thispictureshowsoceancommercialgoodsarehoistedtotheshipoftransport.

運用托盤進行裝卸usepalletstoloadandunload集裝箱鋼材裝卸細節(jié)組圖

Picturesofdetailsofloadingandunloadingofcontainerizedsteel非集裝箱鋼材裝卸細節(jié)組圖

Picturesofdetailsofloadingandunloadingofnon-containeriedsteelHR、Hv.RArt.7Carriageofgoodscoverstheperiodfromthetimewhenthegoodsareloadedonboardtothetimewhentheyaredischargedfromtheship.Thecarriermayenterintoanyagreementwiththeshipperastotheresponsibilityofthecarrierbeforeloadingandafterdischargingfromtheship.HbR：Art.4Periodofresponsibility1.TheresponsibilityofthecarrierforthegoodsunderthisConventioncoverstheperiodduringwhichthecarrierisinchargeofthegoodsattheportofloading,duringthecarriageandattheportofdischarge.

第12條承運人的責任期間

Article12Periodofresponsibilityofthecarrier

一、承運人根據(jù)本公約對貨物的責任期間，自承運人或履約方為運輸而接收貨物時開始，至貨物交付時終止。二、㈠收貨地的法律或條例要求將貨物交給某當局或其他第三方，承運人可以從該當局或該其他第三方提取貨物的，承運人的責任期自承運人從該當局或從該其他第三方提取貨物時開始。㈡交貨地的法律或條例要求將貨物交給某當局或其他第三方，收貨人可以從該當局或該其他第三方提取貨物的，承運人的責任期至承運人將貨物交給該當局或該其他第三方時終止。三、為確定承運人的責任期，各當事人可以約定接收和交付貨物的時間和地點，但運輸合同條款作下述規(guī)定的即為無效：㈠接收貨物的時間是在根據(jù)運輸合同開始最初裝貨之后；或㈡交付貨物的時間是在根據(jù)運輸合同完成最后卸貨之前。1.TheperiodofresponsibilityofthecarrierforthegoodsunderthisConventionbeginswhenthecarrieroraperformingpartyreceivesthegoodsforcarriageandendswhenthegoodsaredelivered.2.(a)Ifthelaworregulationsoftheplaceofreceiptrequirethegoodstobehandedovertoanauthorityorotherthirdpartyfromwhichthecarriermaycollectthem,theperiodofresponsibilityofthecarrierbeginswhenthecarriercollectsthegoodsfromtheauthorityorotherthirdparty.(b)Ifthelaworregulationsoftheplaceofdeliveryrequirethecarriertohandoverthegoodstoanauthorityorotherthirdpartyfromwhichtheconsigneemaycollectthem,theperiodofresponsibilityofthecarrierendswhenthecarrierhandsthegoodsovertotheauthorityorotherthirdparty.3.Forthepurposeofdeterminingthecarrier’speriodofresponsibility,thepartiesmayagreeonthetimeandlocationofreceiptanddeliveryofthegoods,butaprovisioninacontractofcarriageisvoidtotheextentthatitprovidesthat:(a)Thetimeofreceiptofthegoodsissubsequenttothebeginningoftheirinitialloadingunderthecontractofcarriage;or(b)Thetimeofdeliveryofthegoodsispriortothecompletionoftheirfinalunloadingunderthecontractofcarriage.CMC第46條

CMCArticle46承運人對集裝箱裝運的貨物的責任期間，是指從裝貨港接收貨物時起至卸貨港交付貨物時止，貨物處于承運人掌管之下的全部期間。承運人對非集裝箱裝運的貨物的責任期間，是指從貨物裝上船時起至卸下船時止，貨物處于承運人掌管之下的全部期間。在承運人的責任期間，貨物發(fā)生滅失或者損壞，除本節(jié)另有規(guī)定外，承運人應(yīng)當負賠償責任。Theresponsibilitiesofthecarrierwithregardtothegoodscarriedincontainerscoverstheentireperiodduringwhichthecarrierisinchargeofthegoods,startingfromthetimethecarrierhastakenoverthegoodsattheportofloading,untilthegoodshavebeendeliveredattheportofdischarge.

Theresponsibilityofthecarrierwithrespecttonon-containerizedgoodscoverstheperiodduringwhichthecarrierisinchargeofthegoods,startingfromthetimeofloadingofthegoodsontotheshipuntilthetimethegoodsaredischargedtherefrom.Duringtheperiodthecarrierisinchargeofthegoods,thecarriershallbeliableforthelossofordamagetothegoods,exceptasotherwiseprovidedforinthisSection.前款規(guī)定，不影響承運人就非集裝箱裝運的貨物，在裝船前和卸船后所承擔的責任，達成任何協(xié)議。Theprovisionsoftheprecedingparagraphshallnotpreventthecarrierfromenteringintoanyagreementconcerningcarrier'sresponsibilitieswithregardtonon-containerizedgoodspriortoloadingontoandafterdischargingfromtheship.CMC第66條

CMCArticle66

托運人托運貨物，應(yīng)當妥善包裝，并向承運人保證，貨物裝船時所提供的貨物的品名、標志、包數(shù)或者件數(shù)、重量或者體積的正確性；由于包裝不良或者上述資料不正確，對承運人造成損失的，托運人應(yīng)當負賠償責任。承運人依照前款規(guī)定享有的受償權(quán)利，不影響其根據(jù)貨物運輸合同對托運人以外的人所承擔的責任。Theshippershallhavethegoodsproperlypackedandshallguaranteetheaccuracyofthedescription,mark,numberofpackagesorpieces,weightorquantityofthegoodsatthetimeofshipmentandshallindemnitythecarrieragainstanylossresultingfrominadequacyofpackingorinaccuraciesintheabovementionedinformation.Thecarrier'srighttoindemnificationasprovidedforintheprecedingparagraphshallnotaffecttheobligationofthecarrierunderthecontractofcarriageofgoodstowardsthoseotherthantheshipper.CMC第67條

CMCArticle67托運人應(yīng)當及時向港口、海關(guān)、檢疫、檢驗和其他主管機關(guān)辦理貨物運輸所需要的各項手續(xù)，并將已辦理各項手續(xù)的單證送交承運人；因辦理各項手續(xù)的有關(guān)單證送交不及時、不完備或者不正確，使承運人的利益受到損害的，托運人應(yīng)當負賠償責任。Theshippershallperformallnecessaryproceduresattheport,customs,quarantine,inspectionorothercompetentauthoritieswithrespecttotheshipmentofthegoodsandshallfurnishtothecarrierallrelevantdocumentsconcerningtheprocedurestheshipperhasgonethrough.Theshippershallbeliableforanydamagetotheinterestofthecarrierresultingfromtheinadequacyorinaccuracyordelayindeliveryofsuchdocuments.

CMC第68條

CMCArticle68托運人托運危險貨物，應(yīng)當依照有關(guān)海上危險貨物運輸?shù)囊?guī)定，妥善包裝，做出危險品標志和標簽，并將其正式名稱和性質(zhì)以及應(yīng)當采取的預防危害措施書面通知承運人；托運人未通知或者通知有誤的，承運人可以在任何時間、任何地點根據(jù)情況需要將貨物卸下、銷毀或者使之不能為害，而不負賠償責任。托運人對承運人因運輸此類貨物所受到的損害，應(yīng)當負賠償責任。承運人知道危險貨物的性質(zhì)并已同意裝運的，仍然可以在該項貨物對于船舶、人員或者其他貨物構(gòu)成實際危險時，將貨物卸下、銷毀或者使之不能為害，而不負賠償責任。但是，本款規(guī)定不影響共同海損的分攤。Atthetimeofshipmentofdangerousgoods,theshippershall,incompliancewiththeregulationsgoverningthecarriageofsuchgoods,havethemproperlypacked,distinctlymarkedandlabelledandnotifythecarrierinwritingoftheirproperdescription,natureandtheprecautionstobetaken.Incasetheshipperfailstonotifythecarrierornotifiedhiminaccurately,thecarriermayhavesuchgoodslanded,destroyedorrenderedinnocuouswhenandwherecircumstancessorequire,withoutcompensation.Theshippershallbeliabletothecarrierforanyloss,damageorexpenseresultingfromsuchshipment.Notwithstandingthecarrier'sknowledgeofthenatureofthedangerousgoodsandhisconsenttocarry,hemaystillhavesuchgoodslanded,destroyedorrenderedinnocuous,withoutcompensation,whentheybecomeanactualdangertotheship,thecrewandotherpersonsonboardortoothergoods.However,theprovisionsofthisparagraphshallnotprejudicethecontributioningeneralaverage,ifany.

合同法第307條

ContractLawArticle307托運人托運易燃、易爆、有毒、有腐蝕性、有放射性等危險物品的，應(yīng)當按照國家有關(guān)危險物品運輸?shù)囊?guī)定對危險物品妥善包裝，作出危險物標志和標簽，并將有關(guān)危險物品的名稱、性質(zhì)和防范措施的書面材料提交承運人。托運人違反前款規(guī)定的，承運人可以拒絕運輸，也可以采取相應(yīng)措施以避免損失的發(fā)生，因此產(chǎn)生的費用由托運人承擔。Whenshippingsuchdangerousarticlesasareinflammable,explosive,corrosiveorradioactive,ashippershallappropriatelypackthearticlesinconformitywiththerulesoftheStategoverningthecarriageofdangerousarticles,andputonthemarksandlabelsfordangerousarticlesandsubmitthewrittenpapersrelatingtothenatureandmeasuresofprecautiontothecarrier.

Whereashipperviolatestheprovisionsoftheprecedingparagraph,thecarriermayrefusetoundertakethecarriage,ortakecorrespondingmeasurestoavoiddamage.Expensesthuscausedshallbebornebytheshipper.

CMC第69條

CMCArticle69托運人應(yīng)當按照約定向承運人支付運費。托運人與承運人可以約定運費由收貨人支付；但是，此項約定應(yīng)當在運輸單證中載明。Theshippershallpaythefreighttothecarrierasagreed.Theshipperandthecarriermayreachanagreementthatthefreightshallbepaidbytheconsignee.However,suchanagreementshallbenotedinthetransportdocuments.

CMC第70條

CMCArticle70

托運人對承運人、實際承運人所遭受的損失或者船舶所遭受的損壞，不負賠償責任；但是，此種損失或者損壞是由于托運人或者托運人的受雇人、代理人的過失造成的除外。托運人的受雇人、代理人對承運人、實際承運人所遭受的損失或者船舶所遭受的損壞，不負賠償責任；但是，這種損失或者損壞是由于托運人的受雇人、代理人的過失造成的除外。Theshippershallnotbeliableforthelosssustainedbythecarrierortheactualcarrier,orforthedamagesustainedbytheship,unlesssuchlossordamagewascausedbythefaultoftheshipper,hisservantoragent.Theservantoragentoftheshippershallnotbeliableforthelosssustainedbythecarrierortheactualcarrier,orforthedamagesustainedbytheship,unlessthelossordamagewascausedbythefaultoftheservantoragentoftheshipper.《合同法》第309條

ContractLawArticle309貨物運輸?shù)竭_后，承運人知道收貨人的，應(yīng)當及時通知收貨人，收貨人應(yīng)當及時提貨。收貨人逾期提貨的，應(yīng)當向承運人支付保管費等費用。Afterthegoodscarriageiscompleted,ifthecarrierhastheknowledgeoftheconsignee,itshallnotifytheconsigneepromptlyandtheconsigneeshallclaimthegoodspromptly.Wheretheconsigneeclaimsthegoodsexceedingthetimelimit,itshallpaytothecarrierforsuchexpensesasstorageofthegoods,etc.CMC第86條

CMCArticle86在卸貨港無人提取貨物或者收貨人遲延、拒絕提取貨物的，船長可以將貨物卸在倉庫或者其他適當場所，由此產(chǎn)生的費用和風險由收貨人承擔。

Ifthegoodswerenottakendeliveryofattheportofdischargeoriftheconsigneehasdelayedorrefusedthetakingdeliveryofthegoods,theMastermaydischargethegoodsintowarehousesorotherappropriateplaces,andanyexpensesorrisksarisingtherefromshallbebornebytheconsignee.海關(guān)法第30條（1）、（4）

CustomsLawArticle30(1)、(4)進口貨物的收貨人自運輸工具申報進境之日起超過三個月未向海關(guān)申報的，其進口貨物由海關(guān)提取依法變賣處理，所得價款在扣除運輸、裝卸、儲存等費用和稅款后，尚有余款的，自貨物依法變賣之日起一年內(nèi)，經(jīng)收貨人申請，予以發(fā)還；其中屬于國家對進口有限制性規(guī)定，應(yīng)當提交許可證件而不能提供的，不予發(fā)還。逾期無人申請或者不予發(fā)還的，上繳國庫。收貨人或者貨物所有人聲明放棄的進口貨物，由海關(guān)提取依法變賣處理；所得價款在扣除運輸、裝卸、儲存等費用后，上繳國庫。

Theloading，unloading，transshipmentandtransitofinwardandoutwardmailbagsshallbesubjecttoCustomscontrol，andacoveringwaybillshallbesubmittedtotheCustomsbythepostalenterpriseconcerned.ThepostalenterpriseshallinformtheCustomsinadvanceoftheschedulefortheopeningandsealingofinternationalmailbags.TheCustomsshallpromptlydispatchofficerstosupervisecheckingandexaminationonthespot.

CMC第58條

CMCArticle58就海上貨物運輸合同所涉及的貨物滅失、損壞或者遲延交付對承運人提起的任何訴訟，不論海事請求人是否合同的一方，也不論是根據(jù)合同或者是根據(jù)侵權(quán)行為提起的，均適用本章關(guān)于承運人的抗辯理由和限制賠償責任的規(guī)定。前款訴訟是對承運人的受雇人或者代理人提起的，經(jīng)承運人的受雇人或者代理人證明，其行為是在受雇或者受委托的范圍之內(nèi)的，適用前款規(guī)定。ThedefenceandlimitationofliabilityprovidedforinthisChaptershallapplytoanylegalactionbroughtagainstthecarrierwithregardtothelossofordamagetoordelayindeliveryofthegoodscoveredbythecontractofcarriageofgoodsbysea,whethertheclaimantisapartytothecontractorwhethertheactionisfoundedincontractorintort.Theprovisionsoftheprecedingparagraphshallapplyiftheactionreferredtointheprecedingparagraphisbroughtagainstthecarrier'sservantoragent,andthecarrier'sservantoragentprovesthathisactionwaswithinthescopeofhisemploymentoragency.CMC第42（二）條

CMCArticle(2)“實際承運人”，是指接受承運人委托，從事貨物運輸或者部分運輸?shù)娜耍ń邮苻D(zhuǎn)委托從事此項運輸?shù)钠渌恕?/p>

"Actualcarrier"meansthepersontowhomtheperformanceofcarriageofgoods,orofpartofthecarriage,hasbeenentrustedbythecarrier,andincludesanyotherpersontowhomsuchperformancehasbeenentrustedunderasub-contract;CMC第60條

CMCArticle60

承運人將貨物運輸或者部分運輸委托給實際承運人履行的，承運人仍然應(yīng)當依照本章規(guī)定對全部運輸負責。對實際承運人承擔的運輸，承運人應(yīng)當對實際承運人的行為或者實際承運人的受雇人、代理人在受雇或者受委托的范圍內(nèi)的行為負責。雖有前款規(guī)定，在海上運輸合同中明確約定合同所包括的特定的部分運輸由承運人以外的指定的實際承運人履行的，合同可以同時約定，貨物在指定的實際承運人掌管期間發(fā)生的滅失、損壞或者遲延交付，承運人不負賠償責任。Wheretheperformanceofthecarriageorpartthereofhasbeenentrustedtoanactualcarrier,thecarriershallneverthelessremainresponsiblefortheentirecarriageaccordingtotheprovisionsofthisChapter.Thecarriershallberesponsible,inrelationtothecarriageperformedbytheactualcarrier,fortheactoromissionoftheactualcarrierandofhisservantoragentactingwithinthescopeofhisemploymentoragency.Notwithstandingtheprovisionsoftheprecedingparagraph,whereacontractofcarriagebyseaprovidesexplicitlythataspecifiedpartofthecarriagecoveredbythesaidcontractistobeperformedbyanamedactualcarrierotherthanthecarrier,thecontractmayneverthelessprovidethatthecarriershallnotbeliablefortheloss,damageordelayindeliveryarisingfromanoccurrencewhichtakesplacewhilethegoodsareinthechargeoftheactualcarrierduringsuchpartofthecarriage.CMC第61條

CMCArticle61本章對承運人責任的規(guī)定，適用于實際承運人。對實際承運人的受雇人、代理人提起訴訟的，適用本法第五十八條第二款和第五十九條第二款的規(guī)定。TheprovisionswithrespecttotheresponsibilityofthecarriercontainedinthisChaptershallbeapplicabletotheactualcarrier.Whereanactionisbroughtagainsttheservantoragentoftheactualcarrier,theprovisionscontainedinparagraph2ofArticle58andparagraph2ofArticle59ofthisCodeshallapply.CMC第62條

CMCArticle62承運人承擔本章未規(guī)定的義務(wù)或者放棄本章賦予的權(quán)利的任何特別協(xié)議，經(jīng)實際承運人書面明確同意的，對實際承運人發(fā)生效力；實際承運人是否同意，不影響此項特別協(xié)議對承運人的效力。

AnyspecialagreementunderwhichthecarrierassumesobligationsnotprovidedforinthisChapterorwaivesrightsconferredbythisChaptershallbebindingupontheactualcarrierwhentheactualcarrierhasagreedinwritingtothecontentsthereof.Theprovisionsofsuchspecialagreementshallbebindinguponthecarrierwhethertheactualcarrierhasagreedtothecontentsornot.CMC第63條

CMCArticle63承運人與實際承運人都負有賠償責任的，應(yīng)當在此項責任范圍內(nèi)負連帶責任。

Whereboththecarrierandtheactualcarrierareliableforcompensation,theyshalljointlybeliablewithinthescopeofsuchliability.CMC第64條

CMCArticle64就貨物的滅失或者損壞分別向承運人、實際承運人以及他們的受雇人、代理人提出賠償請求的，賠償總額不超過本法第五十六條規(guī)定的限額。Ifclaimsforcompensationhavebeenseparatelymadeagainstthecarrier,theactualcarrierandtheirservantsoragentswithregardtothelossofordamagetothegoods,theaggregateamountofcompensationshallnotbeinexcessofthelimitationprovidedforinArticle56ofthisCode.CMC第65條

CMCArticle65本法第六十條至第六十四條的規(guī)定，不影響承運人和實際承運人之間相互追償。TheprovisionsofArticle60through64ofthisCodeshallnotaffecttherecoursebetweenthecarrierandtheactualcarrier.Case12被告一：韓國現(xiàn)代商城船務(wù)LTDDefendantOne:KoreanModernCommercialShippingLTD1995\11\23在法蘭克福簽發(fā)了提單Shipper:德國威克公司

Germany

Wick

Company收貨人憑托運人指示通知方:原告中國沈陽礦山機械(集團)進出口Co.Notifyparty:PlaintiffChinaShenyangMineMachinery(Group)ImportandExportCo.交貨地:中國大連集裝箱堆場，運費到付

Placeofdelivery:ChinaDalianContainerYard,freightcollect

貨名為兩套二手磨齒機集裝箱內(nèi)貨物三件Thenameofgoods

wasthreegoodsintwosecondhandgeargrindingmachinecontainer原告為上述提單的合法持有人PlaintiffwaslegalholderoftheaboveB/L

被告二：萬通物流卡車司機將集裝箱自碼頭前沿運至堆場途中，將集裝箱與碼頭出入口的檢查橋相撞，致貨損DefendantTwo:WantongLogisticsTruckercarriedthecontainersfromquaytoyardandcontainershitthecheckbridgeleadingtothedamageofgoods.被告一與被告二訂有“場地堆放協(xié)議”，協(xié)議內(nèi)容主要包括被告二應(yīng)提供必要的設(shè)備、人力完成被告一所有或租用的集裝箱在碼頭和集裝箱場站(CFS)之間的運輸、堆存、修理等服務(wù)DefendantOneandTwohadsigned“agreementofyardstowage”,anditcontainedthatdefendantshouldprovidenecessaryequippentandmanpowerandfinishthetranport、stowageandrepairsofcontainersownedorrentbetweendockandCFS.各方當事人一致同意本案適用中國法律調(diào)整。原告主張被告二是實際承運人，應(yīng)于被告一承擔連帶責任。被告二認為它是被告一的受雇人，由被告一承擔責任BothpartiesagreedthatChineselawswereapplicabletothiscase.Plaintiffarguedthatdefendanttwowastheactualcarrierandshouldtakejointliabilitytogetherwithdefendantone.Defendanttwothoughthewastheemployeeofdefendantoneanddefendantoneshouldtakeliability.試問萬通物流的法律地位？Question:thelegalstatusofWantongLogistics.本題要點：萬通物流是實際承運人還是承運人的受雇人？Thepointofthiscase:isWantongLogisticstheactualcarrierortheemployeeofthecarrier.CMC第89條

CMCArticle89船舶在裝貨港開航前，托運人可以要求解除合同。但是，除合同另有約定外，托運人應(yīng)當向承運人支付約定運費的一半；貨物已經(jīng)裝船的，應(yīng)當負擔裝貨、卸貨和其他與此有關(guān)的費用。Theshippermayrequestthecancellationofthecontractofcarriageofgoodsbyseabeforetheshipsailsfromtheportofloading.However,exceptasotherwiseprovidedforinthecontract,theshippershallinthiscasepayhalfoftheagreedamountoffreight;ifthegoodshavealreadybeenloadedonboard,theshippershallbeartheexpensesfortheloadinganddischargeandotherrelatedcharges.《合同法》第93條

ContractLawArticle93當事人協(xié)商一致，可以解除合同。當事人可以約定一方解除合同的條件。解除合同的條件成立時，解除權(quán)人可以解除合同。Acontractmayberescindedifthepartiestothecontractreachaconsensusthroughconsultation.

Thepartiestoacontractmayagreeupontheconditionstorescindthecontractbyoneparty.Whensuchconditionsareaccompanised,thepartyentitledtorescindthecontractmayrescindit《合同法》第94條

ContractLawArticle94有下列情形之一的，當事人可以解除合同：（一）因不可抗力致使不能實現(xiàn)合同目的；（二）在履行期限屆滿之前，當事人一方明確表示或者以自己的行為表明不履行主要債務(wù)；（三）當事人一方遲延履行主要債務(wù)，經(jīng)催告后在合理期限內(nèi)仍