船舶管路系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)介

PipeDesignandProductionShipPipingSystemsMarinePipingSystemsBilgeSystemBilgeSystemBilgeSystemBasicrequirementistoprovideeffectivedrainagetoalldryspacesandatthesametimepreventwaterfromenteringthespacesthroughthissystem.DischargeofoilywaterfrommachineryspacesistocomplywithMARPOLAnnex1Oilywateristreatedinanoily-waterseparatorbeforebeingallowedtobedischarged.DischargewatermustbemonitoredwithpuritynottoexceedppmsetbyMARPOL.BilgeSystemBilgemaindiameter,dmL=lengthofshipB=BreadthD=DepthBranchbilgemaindiameter,dbl=lengthofcompartment(mm)(mm)BilgeSystemBilgepumpcapacity,QTwobilgepumpsarerequiredSuctionsarearrangedsuchthatwatercanbepumpedoutwhenshipisinclined5°Arrangementmustbesuchthatwatercannotpassfromseaorballastsystemintodryspacesthroughthebilgesystem(m3/h)Oily-waterSeparatorBallastSystemBallastSystemBallastSystemForsafeoperation,atleasttwoballastpumpsaretobeconnectedtoballasttanks.Strippingeductorcanalsobeusedforemptyingthebilgesincargoholdswith2non-returnvalvesbetweenholdandsystemShipsidevalvematerialmustnotofgreycastironandtodirectmechanicalmanualoperateAirandSoundingSystemsPurposes目的tosecureventilationoftanks,cofferdamandtunnelstopreventover-pressurizingandvacuum(airpipes)

確保艙、圍堰、管道通風(fēng)，避免形成過(guò)壓或真空（空氣管）toascertainthelevelofliquidintanks,cofferdamandtunnels(Soundingpipes)確定艙、圍堰、管道液位（測(cè)深管）Ventpipesneedtopreventfloodingofspacesthroughtheirupperends通風(fēng)管頂部末端要有VentpipesneedtosafelypreventflammableliquidsorvapoursduetotheirfirehazardsAirandSoundingSystemsMachinerySpacesHeavyfueloiloverflowtankhasshortself-closingtypesoundingpipeHFOoverflowtankairpipeisledtoopendeckasrequired.LubricatingoilsumptankairpipemayendinsidemachineryspacebutawayfromignitionsourcesAirandSoundingSystemsMachinerySpacesAiroroverflowpipesinternalarearenormallyrequiredtobe1.25timestheareaofrespectivefillingpipesforatank.Velocityintheairpipeisnottoexceed4m/swhenusingonepumpforonetank.AirandSoundingSystemsAirandSoundingSystemsFire-FightingSystemsFire-fightingSystemFire-FightingSystemsThreegroups:FireMainSeawaterasfireextinguishingmediumAtleasttwofirepumpsandarelocatedintwodifferentcompartmentsAninternationalshoreconnectionisprovidedatportandstarboardforexternalwatersupplySystemistestedwithatleaststreamsofwaterdirectedfromonefirepump.Pressurereliefvalveisfittedtomainstoprotectsuddenover-pressure.Fire-FightingSystemsThreegroups:CarbonDioxidesystemDryfireprotectionUsedincompartmentsthathavepotentialforfire:engineroom,emergencygeneratorroom,paintlockerandgalleyhoodSystemisequippedwithaudioandvisualalarmtoalertpersonneltoevacuatePriortoCO2release,ventilationfansandfiredampertobeshut.Fire-FightingSystemsThreegroups:SprinklesystemWetfireprotectionmainlyforaccommodationareaSystemisfilledwithfreshwaterandpressurizedbycompressedairSubsequently,waterissuppliedfromfiremainSprinkleandfiremainsystemsareseparatedbyanalarmcheckvalve.Whenthepressureinthesprinkledropsbelowthefiremainfirepressure,thefiremainpressurewillovercometheinternalpressureofthevalveliftandautomaticallypushopentoaccommodatethefiremain.FuelOilSystemsMainconcernsFirehazardsFlashpointInsulationRemotecontroloffueloilvalvesStoppingofpumpsCollectionofdrainsfromleaksMaterialsFueloilpipesandtheirvalvesandfittingsisrequiredtobeofsteelorotherfire-resistancematerialsFOStorageandTransferFOStorageandTransferFOStorageandTransferImportantconcernsOverflowpipesQuick-closingvalvesDraintowasteoiltanks(spilltrays)Levelgaugewithheat-resistantglassforsoundingRemotecontroloffueloilvalvesInsulationofhotsurfaceswherefueloilleaks(possiblyinasprayform)ispossibleHFOSettlingTankHFOServiceTankQuick-closingValvesFOSupplytoEngineFOSystemFOSupplytoEngineMaincomponentsStorage(bunkers)TransferpumpSettlingtankHeaterPurifierServicetankFilterViscositycontrollerReturnTank(10to15minutesengineoperation)HFODuplexFilterHFOTransferPumpHFOHeaterHFOSeparatorHFOSeparationSystem

DieselFuelSeparationSystem

DieselFuelSeparationSystem

LubricatingOilStorageandTransferLubricatingOilStorageandTransferMaincomponentsFillingfromdecktotanksMainLOstoragetanktodelivertoMEsumptankQuick-closingvalvesoperablefromoutsideERwherevalvesarebelowtopoftanks(notapplicableforsmalltanksbelow0.5m3)AirpipesmayterminateinsideERprovidedtheiropeningsdonotconstituteafirehazardDuplexfilters(orself-cleaning)areusedwithoutinterruptingoperationsLubricatingOilCirculationSystemLubricatingOilServiceTankLubricatingOilPumpLubricatingOilFilter–Self-cleaningLubricatingOilFilter–Self-cleaningLubricatingOilSystem-ThermostaticValveShell-and-TubeLOCoolerLubricatingOilPurifier

LubricatingOilPurifier

SeawaterCoolingSystemSeawaterCoolingSystemArrangementConventionalandCentralcoolingHighandlowseachestsSuctionsarearrangedfromtwoseainletspreferablyontheoppositesidesoftheshipsFilterscanbecleanedwithoutinterruptingthewatersupplyinthesystem.Temperaturecontrolledthree-wayvalvestore-circulatewaterwhenthewateriscoldSeawaterCoolingSystemOverboardDischargeFreshwaterCoolingSystemFreshwaterCoolingSystemFreshwaterCoolingSystemArrangementFreshwaterfromengineisdeliveredtofreshwatergenerator(evaporator)PressureinthesystemisregulatedbyheexpansiontankTemperature-controlledthree-wayvalvestoallowre-circulationHigh-temperaturecircuit(jacketcooler),low-temperaturecircuit(lubricatingoil)FreshwaterGenerator(Evaporator)FreshwaterCooler(Plate-type)JacketWaterPumpFreshwaterHeaderTankCompressedAirSystem

CompressedAirSystem

NormallythreesystemsStartingairServiceairControlairRequiretwomaincompressorstochargetwoairreceiversfromatmosphericwithinonehourCapacityofreceiverssufficienttoproduce:12startsforreversibleengines6startsfornon-reversibleengines3startsforauxiliaryenginesCompressedAirSystem

NoconnectionstoothermachinerybetweenaircompressorsandmainairreceiversEmergencyaircompressorcanbedieseldrivenorpowersuppliedfromemergencygeneratorPressurereductionstationsandfiltersarerequiredtobeduplicatesSafetyreliefvalvesarefittedatreceiversandsetat10%aboveoperatingpressureCompressedairlineisclassesasClassIIduetohighpressure.AirCompressors

AirReceivers

AuxiliaryAirReceiver

EmergencyAirReceiver

ControlAirDryer(Refrigerant-type)

Pressure-reducingStation

DomesticWaterSystemDomesticWaterSystemDomesticWaterSystemFreshwaterismadebyFreshwatergenerator(evaporator)DeliveryofwatertoaccommodationfromhydrophoreunitsisbycompressedairDomesticwaterissterilizedbeforeconsumptionDomesticwaterisheatedandthencirculated(byhot-watercirculatingpumps)DomesticwaterisalsousedbyHFO,