FallprotectionPresentation-高處作業(yè)安全

0Fall

Prevention/Protection

高處墜落

預防/保護

1WELCOME歡迎Introduction介紹Time時間Breaks休息Phones/Pagers電話/對講機Questions問題Quiz測試2Workingatheighthasalwaysbeenahazardousbusiness…高空作業(yè)一直都是一項危險的事情Gravityhadmuchthesamestrengthinthe1930’sasithasnow…1930年的重力和如今的重力一個樣Then,asnow,limbswerejustaspronetobreakinafall,Vitalorganstotearandcrush...因此，如今發(fā)生高空墜落的話，一樣會肢體折斷、器官破裂Skulls–tocrack...頭骨粉碎Brains–tosplatter...腦漿四溢Butyouwouldn’tnecessarilyknowitfromthefollowingpictures:但是從如下圖片中，你看不出這些問題來：3EmpireStateBuilding帝國大廈Lifting4EmpireStateBuilding帝國大廈Riveting5SlingingEmpireStateBuilding帝國大廈6ElectricalworkEiffelTower艾菲爾鐵塔7GoldenGateBridge金門大橋LiftingWhatdoweaccepttodaythatwewillnotaccepttomorrow?RockefellerCenter,洛克菲勒中心19329Statistics統(tǒng)計數(shù)據…..Onethirdofallconstructionfatalitiesarefallrelated.1/3的建筑施工死亡事故與墜落有關Theconstructionindustryaverages115,000fallrelateddisablinginjurieseachyear.68,000arefallsfromanelevationand54,000ofthoseinjuriescouldhavebeenpreventediffallprotectionmeasureswereused.建筑業(yè)平均每年發(fā)生115000起墜落致殘事故，其中68000起是高處墜落事故，54000件通過采取預防措施可以避免。Ifyoudon’tusefallprotection,itwon’twork!如果不采取墜落保護措施，將不允許開工屋頂Roofs33%其他Other4%腳手架Scaffold5%吊籃Manlifts7%房頂開口RoofOpenings8%梯子Ladders11%結構施工Structures23%跳板Catwalks12%FatalFallsToday,byTypeofAccident高處墜落死亡事故的類型分布10Objectives目標Aftercompletingthistrainingcourse,participantswillbeableto:完成本次課程培訓后，參與人員將能夠：Identifypotentialfallhazards識別潛在墜落危險Selectappropriateprotection選擇適當?shù)谋Ｗo措施Demonstratespecificinspectionactivitiesforfallprotectionequipment進行墜落防護用品的專項檢查。Demonstrateproperuseofpersonalfallarrestsystem正確使用個人墜落保護系統(tǒng)Describetheirrolesandresponsibilitiesregardingfallprevention描述墜落防護相關的角色和責任11FallPrevention/Protection

Policy墜落預防/保護政策WhatarethetopthreethingstorememberinourProject’sfallprotectionpolicy:本項目要記住的3條最重要的墜落保護政策：100%FallPreventionorProtection100%的墜落預防或保護政策100%FallPreventionorProtection100%的墜落預防或保護政策100%FallPreventionorProtection100%的墜落預防或保護政策12DynamicsofaFall墜落動力學Fallsfromelevationsusuallyoccurwithoutwarning.高處墜落通常沒有預警就發(fā)生了Afteronesecond,youwillhavefallenover15ft.(4.6M)1秒后掉落的高度是4.6米Afallingobjectacceleratesat32ft(9.8M)persecond.墜物每秒速度增加9.8米/秒Thefurtheryoufall,thefasteryouaremovingwhenyouhittheground.墜落的時間越長，撞擊地面的速度就越快Ittakesanaverageperson3/4ofasecondtoreact!10ft(3M)havealreadypassed!人平均要3/4秒才能反應過來！（3米/10英尺）(3M)(4.6M)(19.8M)(44.8M)(33.8kph)(67.6kph)(96.6kph)(0M)13GeneralRequirements一般要求Planningmustinclude:計劃必須包括JobHazardAnalysisand工作危險分析

SafetyTaskAnalysisRiskReductionTalk安全任務分析和降低風險談話Breakthejobintologicalsteps將工作按邏輯分步Identifythehazardsand辨識危險Communicatewithall, theplantoeliminate thehazardsor與所有人員交流危險消除的計劃Developsuitablesolutions制定合適的解決辦法Includeemployeesinallpre-taskplanning將全部人員考慮到工作計劃中JobHazardAnalysisEliminatesHazards14ControllingFallHazards墜落危險控制SupervisorsResponsibility主管職責Supervisorsmustcarefullyreviewandplaneachjob…主管必須認真計劃和審核每項工作Lookforfallexposures查找墜落危險Trytoengineeroutfallexposures努力用技術消除墜落暴露Consideralloptions/methodstoeliminateand/orreducefallexposures…考慮所有消除或減少墜落暴露的選擇和方法Sequenceofwork工作順序Alternativeaccess可供選擇的通道Alternativeprotection可供選擇的保護措施ThesearecalledEngineeringControls

這些被稱為工程技術控制措施15SafeguardingAgainstFalls墜落防護措施EngineeringControls:工程技術控制Providewalking/workingsurfaceinelevatedareas-Guardrailsystems:高處提供行走/工作面—圍欄系統(tǒng)

-Scaffold–Stationary/Mobile腳手架—固定的、移動的

-Ladders梯子

-Temporaryworkplatforms臨時工作平臺

-Manlifts吊籃1st-MethodsofPrevention第一類保護方法16SafeguardingAgainstFalls墜落防護措施2nd-MethodsofProtection第二類保護方法Personalfallarrestsystem:人身防墜系統(tǒng)-Fullbodyharness全身式安全帶-Lanyard系索-Anchorage,connectors系掛點,連接器 -Decelerationdevices減速器-Lifelines生命線*Maybeincludedorsomecombination可以全部使用,也可以部分使用17SafeguardingAgainstFalls防墜落措施basicstepstofollow:基本步驟Identifyexposure識別暴露危險Removehazard移除危險Protectworkerfromhazard保護工人免受傷害Selectappropriatefallprotectionsystem選擇適當?shù)膲嬄浔Ｗo系統(tǒng)Followproperconstructionandinstallationmethods遵守正常的施工和安裝方法Communicateclearlywithemployees與員工充分交流Haveacompleteunderstandingofrequirements,procedures,etc完全明白要求、程序等Usesafeworkpractices沿用安全工作實踐18TotalSystemsApproach系統(tǒng)的全部方法Employeescanberescuedfrom:下面作業(yè)的工人需要營救Overheadwork/steelerection高空作業(yè)/鋼結構施工Confinedspaces密閉空間Excavations/trenches開挖/挖掘作業(yè)Planshouldinclude:計劃應包括Activation活化作用Rescuepersonnel(SafetyTeam)營救人員（安全小組）Rescueequipment（營救設備）Responsetraining(SafetyTeam)應急培訓（安全小組）19ControllingFallHazards墜落控制措施Selectionshouldbecompatiblewithtypeofworkandparticularhazard.系掛點的選擇要與工作和具體危險相適應Tie-offaboveyourshoulders掛點高于肩部Tie-offpointshallberatedat2268kg/5,000poundsperperson系掛點要能承受每個人2268KG/5000磅的沖擊力

DONOTTIE-OFFTO:不要系掛在

-Cabletray電纜盤上

-Conduit管道上

-Weldedpipelessthan2”小于2英寸的電焊管上

-Rebar螺紋鋼筋

-ANYTHINGTHATWILL NOTHOLD5000#任何不能承受5000磅的物體2021Anchorage系掛點AreYOUtiedofftosomethingthatwillsupportME?你是否系掛在可以掛我的地方。REMEMBER….ItMUSTsupport5000lbs(2268kg)!記住：必須能承受2268KG22ControllingFallHazards墜落控制措施2TYPES:HorizontalandVertical兩種：水平的和垂直的Mustbedesigned,installed,andusedundersupervisionofqualifiedperson必須在合格人員監(jiān)督下設計、安裝和使用Musthaveminimumbreakingstrengthof 5,000lb./2268kg破斷拉力不少于2268KGMustbeprotectedagainstbeingcut,abraded,orburnt必須防割傷、磨損或火燒InspectALLlinesbeforeeachuse每次使用前檢查整條救生繩23Horizontallinesshallbe1/2in(12.7mm)cableminimum,securedwithatleastthree

cableclamps直徑不少于12.7mm，要用至少3個夾子固定MusthaveHorizontalLifelineTagInspected–Signature必須要有標牌——經過檢查簽名ControllingFallHazards墜落控制措施24HORIZONTALLIFELINETAG水平救生繩標牌ControllingFallHazards墜落防護措施DateInstalled:安裝日期:CompetentPerson:

安裝人:MAXIMUMOF2EMPLOYEESONLY最多2個人使用FRONT正面BACK背面25ControllingFallHazards危險控制措施FRONT正面BACK背面●HORIZONTALLIFELINE(2PersonMaximum)InspectionRecordDate:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Signature:

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________26Verticallinesrequireindividuallinesforeachemployee垂直救生繩要求1人使用1條繩ControllingFallHazards墜落控制措施27ControllingFallHazards墜落控制措施Properinstallationanduse:正確安裝和使用Securewithshackles,carabineers,andwireropeslings;mustbecapableofsupporting2268kg/5,000#Impactloading用卡環(huán)、鋼絲繩等固定，必須能承受2268KG的沖擊力Attachtaglineropetoextenddevicetoelevationsbelowpointofattachment在系掛點下系拉繩以延長設備長度Usedduringsteelerectionbeforeinstallationofotherfallprotectionsystems沒安其他墜落保護措施時，鋼絲繩要保持豎直使用Onlyoneworkercanbeattachedtoaretractable1條防墜器只能系1個人Secureddirectlytobackd-ring直接系掛在D環(huán)上CorrectIncorrect28ControllingFallHazards墜落控制措施Whileclimbingorworkingfromladders:爬梯子或在梯子上工作時：Wearanduseapprovedfallprotection穿戴和使用經過批準的墜落保護Temporaryconstructionladderswillextendatleast3ft(.9m)abovelandingandshallbesecured—haveanother

employeeholdtheladderatthebottomuntilitissecured臨時施工用梯子頂部要高出作業(yè)面3英尺，并且有人在梯子底部扶住。Usebothhandsanddo Notcarrymaterial使用兩只手爬梯子，不要手里拿材料

29ControllingFallHazards墜落控制措施Whenriding/workingfromthesedevices:在這些設施上作業(yè)時：Donottieofftoanyadjacentpoleor

structureoutsidethedeviceyouoccupy不要將安全帶系掛在工作設施鄰近的桿上或外面的結構上WearfallprotectionequipmentPlaceliftonsolidandlevelsurfaceRespectthedevicelimitations

Onlyauthorized,qualified,andtrained

personnelarepermittedtouseaerial/scissorlifts

30AerialLift高空起升車100%Tie-offtoManufacturedinstalledanchoragepoints.100%將系掛點掛在廠家指定的地方Gatessecured.門要固定Inspectpriortoeveryuse.每次使用前進行檢查31ScissorLift剪刀式起升車100%Tie-offtoManufacturedinstalledanchoragepoints.Gatessecured.Inspectpriortoeveryuse.points.100%將系掛點掛在廠家指定的地方門要固定.每次使用前進行檢查32ControllingFallHazards墜落控制措施Whenriding/workingfromthesedevices:在這些設備上作業(yè)時Wearapprovedfallprotection穿戴經過批準的墜落保護用品Securelanyardtothebasket’sanchoragepointatalltimes任何時候都將安全帶掛在吊籃Observetheloadlimit注意載重量Reviewrequirementsin

suspendedpersonnelplatformsifnecessary必要時，審核吊籃作業(yè)平臺Ensurethatsuspendedpersonnelplatformchecklistiscompleted–LiftPlan確保完成吊籃檢查表——起吊計劃

33ControllingFallHazards墜落控制措施Whiletraveling/workinginelevatedskeletalsteel/openstructuresmorethan6ft/2maboveground,youmustwearandusepersonalfallprotectionequipment—在高度離地面超過2米的鋼結構上行走或作業(yè)，必須穿戴使用正確的個人墜落保護用品Determinethecombinationofequipmentthatisbestsuitedforthelocation確定最適合作業(yè)位置的設備組合方法Laddersandpersonnelhoist

shouldbeusedwhenever

possible只要有可能，應使用梯子和吊人設備Lifelinesystemsshallbe

installedforfallprotection應為墜落防護安裝救生索系統(tǒng)

34ControllingFallHazards墜落危險控制

Determinethestability,placement,andmethodofoff-loadingthematerial確定材料卸載的穩(wěn)定性、放置及方法。Watchfootplacement,andinspecttrailerfloorsforholesandrotten/weakdecking觀察底層的放置，檢查拖車上的空洞及腐蝕/脆弱的甲板。Donotstandbetweenloadsbeinghoistedandthehoistingdevice,truckcab,bulkheadsetc.不要站在吊物/吊具與卡車駕駛艙，擋板之間。Useladderstoaccessandegressdeckbeds使用梯子做平臺進、出通道Anchorageratedat5000lbs(2268kg)2Xmaximumload6ft/1.83m3.5ft/1.07m.3ft/.91m18.5ft.5.64m6ft/1.83m36IMPACTLOADING:影響承載Equipmentsubjectedtoimpactloadingoranactualfallmustbeimmediatelyremovedfromserviceandnotusedagainunlessinspectedanddeterminedbyacompetentpersontobeundamagedandsuitableforreuse.承載受到限制的設備或導致墜落的設備必須立即移走并停止使用，直到被勝任人員檢查并確定可以重新使用為止IMPORTANT重點:Somemanufacturerswillnotguaranteeharnessesorlanyardswillprovideadequateprotectionduringasecondfall.Manyofthesemanufacturersstateontheequipmenttodestroytheharnessandlanyardafterafallhasbeensustained.有些廠家不擔保安全帶或緩沖器在1秒的墜落內產生足夠的保護。很多廠家申明設備在墜落持續(xù)一秒后破壞安全帶或緩沖器。ImpactLoadingofEquipment影響承載的設備37PROPERUSE正確使用38PROPERFIT松緊適合39InspectionandMaintenance檢查和維護Youareresponsibleforinspectingyourpersonalfallarrestsystembeforeyouuseit.Donotuseequipmentthathas:你有責任在使用前檢查你的人身墜落保護設備，不要使用以下裝備：

-Nonfunctioningparts失效的部件

-Tonguesthatdon‘tfittheshoulderofbuckles帶子與帶扣不適合的

-Signofcontactwithfire,acid,orothercorrosives有接觸過火、酸或其他腐蝕物跡象的

-Alterationsoradditions更改或增加的-Cuts,tears,orabrasions有切口、破口或磨損的-Unduestretching不正常拉長的-Mold鑄型的-Signofdeterioration有變壞跡象的-Distortedhooksorfaultyhooksprings扭曲的吊鉤或缺損吊鉤彈簧的PLEASEbeawarethatNOTusingyourfallProtectionEquipmentisgroundsforTermination要意識到不使用人身墜落保護設備墜地將導致死亡。

41Birdsfalldownandfly,

鳥兒掉下去是飛行，Menfalldownanddie

!人掉下去是死亡！42

WeCoveredALotofInformation,

AnyQuestions?我們涵概了很多內容，還有疑問嗎？QUIZ測試1.)TorFBechtelprovidesfallprotectionequipmentwhenhazardsexist—andrequiresemployeestousetheequipment.Bechtel在危險的時候提供人身防墜落保護設備，并要求工人使用該設備。2.)TorFAfterreceivingtraining,youmustproperlyselect,inspect,maintain,andusepersonalfallprotectionequipment.接受本培訓后，你必須正確的選擇、檢查、維護和使用人身防墜落保護設備。3.)TorFPeopleneverdiefromaccidentalfalls.人決不會在墜落事故中死亡TFT4.)TorFBechtelusesasystematicapproachtohandlingfalls–identifyinghazard,supervisorplanoutfallsandfocusonprevention,engineeringcontrolstoremovefallhazards,selectionoffallprotection,trainingofrequirements,inspectionandmaintenance.Bechtel應用系統(tǒng)方法處理墜落——識別危險，監(jiān)督人員策劃墜落預防、工程控制及消除墜落風險，選擇墜落防護設備，訓練要求、檢查及維護。5.)TorF Supervisorsplayakeyroleinplanningthefallpreventionmethodsforajobandmustcommunicatetheplantotheworkers.主管角色很重要，要策劃墜落預防計劃，必須將計劃與工人溝通。6.)Thefirstoptiontoprotectagainstfallsshouldbe:防墜落的首選措施是： __FallProtection墜落保護 __EngineeringControls技術控制措施TTEngineeringControlsB7.)TorFBechtelrequires100%fallprotectionwhileexposedtounprotectedfallsgreaterorequalto6ft(1.8m)?當暴露在無防護、高度等于或超過6英尺的地方時，Bechtel要求100%的防墜落保護措施。8.)TorF Aguardrailsystemisamethodofprotection

fromfalls?圍欄系統(tǒng)是防止墜落的一種方法。9.)TorF ASTARRTCardisrequiredpriortoeachjob.開始每項工作前，都需要STARRT卡。TTT10.)Youshouldinspectallfallprotectiondeviceswhen?在什么時候你要檢查人身防墜落保護設施。 __Dailyorbeforeeachuse日?；蛎看问褂们?__Weekly每周11.)Ifyouare6ft(1.83M)tall,andhavea6ft(1.83M)lanyardhowhighupmustyoutieoftobesafe?如果你1.83米高，有1.83米長的系索，你必須要掛多高才能保證安全