新世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)unit1

acquaintance,affectionate（深情的）,amicable（友好的，友善的）,caring（有同情心的，表示或感到關(guān)心的）,considerate,emotional（感情的，容易動(dòng)感情的，情緒的）,enthusiastic,expressive,favorite,frank,friendly,generous,gentle,helpful,honest,humorous,ideal,intimate,kind,patient,sociable,sympathetic,talkative,thoughtful,trustworthy,etc。BeforeReading2.1ABriefIntroductiontotheSongWordWebForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresWarm-upActivityThisisoneofthecandidatesongsbiddingfor（投標(biāo)，出價(jià)）thethemesongforChinaBeijing2008OlympicGames.ItiscomposedbyGiorgioMoroder,thewell-knownItaliancomposer,whohaswontheOscarAwardsforthreetimes.Hismajorworksarethethemesongsfor1984and1988OlympicGames.ThesongissungbyLiWenandSunNan,bothofwhomarepopularChinesesingers.AristotleCiceroBeforeReading_2.2You’ve

tasted

bitter

and

the

sweet

success.

You

want

it

all

and

you

for

nothing

less.

You’ve

tried

harder

than

the

rest.

You’ve

become

one

of

the

best.

This

is

the

time

you’ll

remember

forAll

your

life

Forever

friends

In

As

the

whole

world

joins

and

sees

Days

of.

Forever

through

the

years

We’ll

hear

the.

Joy

and

laughter

everywhere!

Directions:Listentothesongandfillinthefollowingblanks.WordWebForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresWarm-upActivityAristotleCicerodefeat_____settle_____harmony_______unity

and

peace_____________cheers______BeforeReading_2.3We’retogetherhereto.ForeverfriendsYou’llmeetall,seeyou’veneverseen.Peoplefrompartsoftheworldwhereyou’veneverbeen.Andyou’llfeelitinyourheart.WespenttoomuchtimeThisisthetimewhenalldreamsofman.ForeverfriendsInAsthewholeworldjoinsandseesDaysof.ForeverthroughtheyearsWe’llhearthe.Joyandlaughtereverywhere!We’retogetherheretoForeverfriendsWordWebForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresWarm-upActivityAristotleCiceroshare_____races_____faces_____apart_____comealive_________harmony_______unityandpeace_____________cheers______share_____BeforeReading_2.4NomatterwhereweareorgoNomatterwhatweorknowNomatterhowwewordourThereisonedreamweshare.ForeverfriendsInAsthewholeworldjoinsandseesDaysof.ForeverthroughtheyearsWe’llhearthe.Joyandlaughtereverywhere!We’retogetherheretoOneworldonedream.ForeverfriendsInharmony!ForeverfriendsOnedreamwedreamOneworldweshare.WordWebForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresWarm-upActivityAristotleCicerohopefor_______unityandpeace_____________prayer_____harmony_______cheers______share_____BeforeReading_5.1Directions:Listentothepassageandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Doyouhaveanygoodfriends?Whatdoyouusuallydowithyourfriends?2.Whatkindofpeopledoyouliketomakefriendswith?3.Doyouthinkfriendshipisaneccesityinlife?Whyorwhynot?4.Whatcanwedotokeepfriendshipaslongaspossible?WordWebAristotleForeverFriendsMarkK.SmithAbouttheAuthorAnEnglishSongSomeFamousFiguresCiceroWarm-upActivityScriptQ1:Whatdoyouthinkarethemostimportantqualitiesforfriendstohave?Q2:Whicharemoreimportanttopeople,theirfamilyortheirfriends?Why?Q3:Whatdoyouthinkcausesfriendshipstobreakup?Q:Whatdoyouthinkarethemostimportantqualitiesforfriendstohave?構(gòu)思：信任trust;真誠(chéng)sincerityloyalty;幫助,原諒helpfulforgiving尊重彼此隱私:respectprivacy;一直堅(jiān)守在朋友左右:available,bethereAnswer：Ithinkagoodfriendisalwayssomeonewhotrustsyouandcanbetrusted.Andthispersonshouldshowsincerityinthisfriendshipandbealwaysloyaltoyou.Lifeisfullofupsanddowns,andwhenyou’redown,he’salwaystheretogiveyouahand.Sometimeswegetemotionalandunreasonableunderpressure,andtobeagoodfriend,weneedtolearntounderstandthisandforgivetheotherpersonisheorsheyellsatyouortakesouttheaggressivefeelingonyou.拿你撒氣Butmostimportantly,goodfriendsalwaysrespecttheprivacyofeachother.It’struethatyou’reclosertomethanothers.Butstill,you’reyou,I’mme.There’safamousChinesesaying,“Familiaritybreedscontempt.”熟來(lái)生厭Sokeepingareasonabledistanceisimperativetoahealthyfriendship.(144words)

Q:Whicharemoreimportanttopeople,theirfamilyortheirfriends?Why?構(gòu)思：都重要這就想問(wèn)空氣和水哪個(gè)重要一樣家人:unconditionalsupportsecurity朋友:help,commonexperienceingrowingup,放松,不會(huì)嘮叨你Answer:Ithinktoalargedegree,theyareequallyimportanttome.It’slikeaskingmewhichoneismoreimportantbetweenwaterandair.Familyisimportanttoapersonbecausewhentheworldends,yourfamilyisstillbehindyou.Familymembersprovideyouunconditionalloveandsupport.Ontheotherhand,friendscanofferyoudifferentkindofhelp.Becauseyougrowuptogether,soyouhaveafeelingtheyreallygetyou.Andfriendsnevernagatyou.Sowhenyou’rewithyourfriends,you’remorerelaxed.(90words)

Q:Whatdoyouthinkcausesfriendshipstobreakup?構(gòu)思：dishonestytrustcrisisoutgrowyourfriendslossofcommonlanguageAnswer:Iguessthereasonwhymostfriendshipsbreakupisbecausepeoplelosetrustineachother.Maybethere’sacaseofdishonestywhereonepersonliestoanother.Andthentheyfeelit’snolongerworkingoutanymore.Anotherreasonisthatmaybeoneofthetwofriendsgrowtoofastanddeveloptoorapidlysohefeelsthathehasoutgrowhisfriendinmanywaysandhedoesn’tknowhowtobewithhimanymore.Thelossofcommonlanguagealsocausesafriendshiptobreakup.(90words)Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患難朋友才是真正的朋友。Atruefriendisknowninthedayofadversity.患難見(jiàn)真情。indeedad.真正地adversityn.不幸，逆境inneed“在危難中，在危急中”

Withouttrust,thereisnofriendship.沒(méi)有信任，就沒(méi)有友誼。trustn.&v.信任，相信friendshipn.友誼，友情

Sometimesthebesthelpinghandyoucangetisagood,firmpush.有時(shí)候，及時(shí)有力的鼓勵(lì)是對(duì)你最好的幫助。firma.堅(jiān)定的，強(qiáng)有力的pushn.推動(dòng)，鼓舞

Inprosperity,ourfriendsknowus;inadversity,weknowourfriends.在順境中，朋友結(jié)識(shí)了我們：在逆境中，我們了解了朋友。prosperityn.繁榮，興旺

Suspicionisthepoisonoftruefriendship.猜疑是真誠(chéng)友誼的—?jiǎng)┒舅?。suspicionn.猜疑，懷疑poisonn.毒藥

Ahedgebetweenfriendskeepsfriendshipgreen.朋友間適當(dāng)保持距離，可使友誼常青。hedgen.柵欄，籬笆

Afaithfulfriendishardtofind.知音難覓。faithfula.守信的，忠實(shí)的

Friendshipoftenendsinlove;butlove,infriendship-never.友誼常以愛(ài)情而結(jié)束；而愛(ài)情，卻從不能以友誼而告終。為了強(qiáng)調(diào)“不可能”，“never”放在了最后。如果把后半句變成與前半句相對(duì)應(yīng)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)該是“…butloveneverendsinfriendship.”。

Friendshipisthegoldenthreadthattiestheheartsofalltheworld.友誼這根金線把世界的心都連在一起。threadn.線文化洗禮

美國(guó)人眼中的友誼

許多同美國(guó)人打過(guò)交道的中國(guó)人都說(shuō)美國(guó)人表面上熱情友好，實(shí)際上很自私偽善。很多美國(guó)人都曾說(shuō)過(guò)“Weshouldgettogetherforlunchsometime.”，但是卻不曾有誰(shuí)真的被邀請(qǐng)去吃午飯。也有人抱怨說(shuō)美國(guó)人雖然熱情友好但很“fickle”（善變），不珍惜友誼，明明前不久是好朋友，再相遇時(shí)卻形同陌路。在中國(guó)文化里，友誼是維系兩個(gè)人牢固關(guān)系的紐帶，兩個(gè)人一旦建立了友誼關(guān)系，無(wú)論何時(shí)何地都“?？菔癄€不變心”，朋友永遠(yuǎn)是朋友，而且愿意為朋友“兩肋插刀”，甚至“上刀山下火海”。其實(shí)，美國(guó)人既不是不友好，也不是自私偽善，他們只不過(guò)是在遵循著自己的文化規(guī)則?！癢eshouldgettogetherforlunchsometime.”恰恰是他們表達(dá)友好的一種方式。

在美國(guó)文化中，人們對(duì)友誼的看法與大部分中國(guó)人的看法大相徑庭，他們對(duì)“friend”一詞的使用十分廣泛，一般的熟人（casualacquaintance）和親密的伙伴（closecompanion）都稱之為“friend”，所以口口聲聲地把你稱作“friend”，實(shí)際上并沒(méi)有把你當(dāng)作中國(guó)意義上的“朋友”。而且美國(guó)入的友誼基本是基于共同的興趣愛(ài)好。當(dāng)原來(lái)共同從事的活動(dòng)不復(fù)存在時(shí)，所謂的友誼也可能隨之淡化甚至消失。這兩種不同的友誼觀是由不同的文化背景造成的。在美國(guó)社會(huì)節(jié)奏非?？欤瑩?jù)研究顯示，每年每五個(gè)美國(guó)家庭就有一家遷移住址，陌生的環(huán)境使得他們對(duì)人熱情、友好。同時(shí)，他們對(duì)環(huán)境變化的適應(yīng)性也很強(qiáng)，能夠不斷地結(jié)交新朋友，同時(shí)不斷地忘掉舊朋友，這樣的友誼建立得快，消失得也快。而中國(guó)人常常是祖祖輩輩扎根在同一個(gè)地方，很少舉家遷移，由此而產(chǎn)生的友誼關(guān)系自然與美國(guó)人之間的差異明顯，甚至相悖。Friendshipisaneternal(永恒的)theme(主題)inhumanhistory.Alifewithoutfriendshipishardtoimagine.Butwhatisfriendship?Readthefollowingtextandseeifyoucangainsomenewinsightsintothetruemeaningoffriendship.DetailedReading_t0DetailedReadingWhenweapproachthenotionoffriendship,ourfirstproblemisthatthereisalackofsociallyacknowledgedcriteriaforwhatmakesapersonafriend.

Inonesetting,wemaydescribesomeoneasafriend;inanother,thelabelmayseemlessappropriate.Therefore,peopletendtohaveaverythinunderstandingofwhatfriendshipreallymeans.Tohelpusunderstandwhatfriendshipreallymeans,weneedtoreviewsomeclassicalviewsoffriendship.OneclassicalviewoffriendshipisprovidedbyAristotle,thefamousancientGreekphilosopher.Aristotledistinguishesbetweenwhathebelievestobegenuinefriendshipsandtwootherforms:onebasedonmutualusefulness,theotheronpleasure.So,accordingtoAristotle,wemayfindthreekindsoffriendship:WhatIsFriendship?MicheleE.Doyle&MarkK.SmithDetailedReading_t1DetailedReadingFriendshipbasedonutility.Utilityisanimpermanentthing:itchangesaccordingtocircumstances.Whenthegroundforfriendshipdisappears,thefriendshipalsobreaksup.Friendshipsofthiskindseemtooccurmostfrequentlybetweentheelderly,becauseattheiragewhattheywantisDetailedReading_t2DetailedReadingnotpleasurebututility.Friendshipsbasedonutilityarealsofrequentlyfoundamongthoseinmiddleorearlylifewhoarepursuingtheirownadvantage.Suchpersonsdonotspendmuchtimetogether,becausesometimestheydonotevenlikeoneanother,andthereforefeelnoneedofsuchanassociationunlesstheyaremutuallyuseful.Theytakepleasureineachother’scompanyonlyinsofarastheyhavehopesofadvantagefromit.themoment.Astheygrowup,however,theirtasteschangetoo,sothattheyarequicktomakeandtobreakfriendships.Thatiswhytheyfallinandoutoffriendshipquickly,changingtheirattitudeoften,evenwithinthesameday.

DetailedReading_t3DetailedReadingFriendshipbasedonpleasure.Friendshipbetweentheyoungisthoughttobegroundedonpleasure,becausethelivesoftheyoungareregulatedbytheirfeelings,andtheirchiefinterestsareintheirownpleasureandtheopportunityofFriendshipbasedongoodness.Perfectfriendshipisbasedongoodness.Onlythefriendshipofthosewhoaregood,andsimilarintheirgoodness,isperfect.Theconductofgoodmenisthesameorsimilar.Itisbetweengoodmenthatbothloveandfriendshiparechieflyfoundandinthehighestform.Suchfriendshipsarerareandtheyneedtimeandintimacy;AnotherclassicalviewoffriendshipcanbefoundinthewritingsofCicero,anancientRomanstatesmanandorator.AccordingtoCicero,truefriendshipisonlypossiblebetweengoodmen.Hefurtherdefines“thegood”as“thosewhoseactionsandlivesleavenoquestionastotheirhonor,purity,equity,andliberality;whoarefreefromgreed,lust,andviolence;andwhohavethecourageoftheirconvictions.”Thefriendshipbetweengoodmen,basedonvirtue,doesoffermaterialbenefits,butitdoesnotseekthem.Allhumanbeingsarebondedtogetherinacommunityofsharedreason.Therefore,infriendshipsforasthesayinggoes,truefriendsmustgothroughtrialsandtribulationstogether.

Andnotwopersonscanaccepteachotherandbecomefriendsuntileachhasprovedtotheotherthatheisworthyoflove,andsowonhistrust.Thewishforfriendshipmaydeveloprapidly,buttruefriendshipdoesnot.DetailedReading_t4DetailedReadingThus,wemayseethatthetraditionalideaoffriendshipismadeupofthreecomponents:Friendsmustenjoyeachother’scompany;theymustbeusefultooneanother;andtheymustshareacommitmenttothegood.Accordingtotheclassicalviews,virtuousfriendsareboundtogether,astheyrecognizeeachother’smoralexcellence.DetailedReading_t5DetailedReadingandrelationships,thosewhopossessanysuperioritymustregardthemselvesasequalsofthosewhoarelessfortunate.Itisvirtuethatcreatesandpreservestruefriendship.DetailedReading_t6DetailedReadingToperceiveafriend,therefore,istoperceiveoneself;andtoknowafriendistoknowoneself.Eachcanbesaidtoprovideamirrorinwhichtheothermayseehimself.Throughnetworksofsuchvirtuousfriends,wecandevelopasharedideaofthegoodandpursueittogether.Friendshipofthiskindispermanent,becauseinitareunitedalltheattributesthatfriendsoughttopossess.Topic173：你是否同意借錢(qián)可能傷害朋友間友誼？Topic173Itissometimessaidthatborrowingmoneyfromafriendcanharmordamagethefriendship.Doyouagree?Whyorwhynot?Usereasonsandspecificexamplestoexplainyouranswer.［參考提綱］173、同意借錢(qián)可以傷害友誼（1）借錢(qián)讓朋友之間覺(jué)的不信任。（2）借錢(qián)給朋友帶來(lái)很大的經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力（3）借錢(qián)讓朋友之間覺(jué)得不平等。

［托福參看范文］Topic:173Idon‘tthinkit‘saverygoodideat