大學(xué)英語六級真題含答案

Takegrowingasuessfulbusinessasanexample.Inthisdayandage,socialmediaaregainingpopularityamongthegeneralpublic.Apanythatonlyreliesontraditionalmediadoingitsmarketingismorelikelytogeteliminatedinthedigitalera.Putinanotherway,apanywithitsfocusonsocialmediatoboostitsbrandrecognitionstandsabetterchanceofstandingoutfromthecrowd.Clearly,innovationisavitalcontributingfactortobusinesssuess.Whatcanbedonetoencourageinnovation?Tonameonlyafew:Aboveall,abusinessoracountryshouldstrivetobuildacorporatecultureorasocialclimatethatvaluesinnovation.Second,anyonewhoparticipatesintheinnovationprocessshouldberewarded.Third,weareinurgentneedofaneducationsystemthatstressesinnovationovermechanicallearning.Simplyput,innovationisanimportantforcethatpushesoursocietyforward.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Ittriestopredictthepossibletrendsofglobalclimatechange.B)Itstudiestheimpactsofglobalclimatechangeonpeople’slives.C)Itlinksthescienceofclimatechangetoeconomicandpolicyissues.D)Itfocusesontheeffortscountriescanmaketodealwithglobalwarming.2.A)Itwilltakealongtimebeforeaconsensusisreachedonitsimpact.B)Itwouldbemorecostlytodealwithitsconsequencesthantoavoidit.C)Itisthemostpressingissueconfrontingallcountries.D)Itisboundtocauseendlessdisputesamongnations.3.A)Thetransitiontolow-carbonenergysystems.B)Thecooperationamongworldmajorpowers.C)Thesigningofaglobalagreement.D)Theraisingofpeople’sawareness.4.A)Carryoutmoreresearchonit.B)Planwellinadvance.C)Cutdownenergyconsumption.D)Adoptnewtechnology.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Whenluckplaysarole.B)Whatdeterminessuess.C)Whetherpracticemakesperfect.D)Howimportantnaturaltalentis.6.A)Itknocksatyourdooronlyonceinawhile.B)Itissomethingthatnoonecanpossiblycreate.C)Itesnaturallyoutofone’sself-confidence.D)Itmeansbeinggoodatseizingopportunities.7.A)Luckrarelycontributestoaperson’ssuess.B)Onemusthavenaturaltalenttobesuessful.C)Oneshouldalwaysbereadytoseizeopportunities.D)Practiceisessentialtobeinggoodatsomething.8.A)Puttingtimeandeffortintofunthingsisprofitable.B)Peoplewholovewhattheydocarelittleaboutmoney.C)Beingpassionateaboutworkcanmakeonewealthy.D)Peopleinneedofmoneyworkhardautomatically.Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Thestumpofagianttree.B)Ahugepieceofrock.C)Thepeakofamountain.D)Atallchimney.10.A)Humanactivity.B)Windandwater.C)Chemicalprocesses.D)Fireandfury.11.A)Itisahistoricalmonument.B)Itwasbuiltinancienttimes.C)ItisIndians’sacredplaceforworship.D)Itwascreatedbysupernaturalpowers.12.A)Byshelteringtheminacave.B)Bykillingtheattackingbears.C)Byliftingthemwellabovetheground.D)Bytakingthemtothetopofamountain.Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.13.A)Theywillbuysomethingfromtheconveniencestores.B)Theywilltakeadvantageofthetimetorestawhile.C)Theywillhavetheirvehicleswashedorserviced.D)Theywillpickupsomesouvenirsorgiftitems.14.A)Theycanbringonlytemporarypleasures.B)Theyaremeantfortheextremelywealthy.C)Theyshouldbedoneawaywithaltogether.D)Theymayeventuallydriveonetobankruptcy.15.A)Agoodwaytosocializeistohavedailylunchwithone’scolleagues.B)Retirementsavingsshouldefirstinone’sfamilybudgeting.C)Avacationwillbeaffordableifonesaves20dollarsaweek.D)Smalldailysavingscanmakeabigdifferenceinone’slife.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theyshouldbedoneawaywith.B)Theyarenecessaryinourlives.C)Theyenrichourexperience.D)Theyareharmfultohealth.17.A)Theyfeelstressedoutevenwithoutanychallengesinlife.B)Theyfeeltoooverwhelmedtodealwithlife’sproblems.C)Theyareanxioustofreethemselvesfromlife’stroubles.D)Theyareexhaustedevenwithoutdoinganyheavywork.18.A)Theyexpandourmind.B)Theyprolongourlives.C)Theynarrowourfocus.D)Theylessenourburdens.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Itisnoteasilybreakable.B)Itcamefroma3Dprinter.C)Itrepresentsthelateststyle.D)Itwasmadebyafashiondesigner.20.A)Whenshehadjustgraduatedfromhercollege.B)WhensheattendedaconferenceinNewYorkC)Whenshewasstudyingatafashiondesignschool.D)Whensheattendedafashionshowninemonthsago.21.A)Itwasdifficulttoprint.B)Itwashardtoeby.C)Itwashardandbreakable.D)Itwasextremelyexpensive.22.A)Itisthelatestmodelofa3Dprinter.B)Itisaplasticwidelyusedin3Dprinting.C)Itgivesfashiondesignersroomforimagination.D)Itmarksabreakthroughinprintingmaterial.Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.23.A)Theyarisefromtheadvancesintechnology.B)Theyhavenotbeenexaminedindetailsofar.C)Theyareeasytosolvewithmoderntechnology.D)Theycan’tbesolvedwithoutgovernmentsupport.24.A)Itisattractivetoentrepreneurs.B)Itdemandshugeinvestment.C)Itfocusesonnewproducts.D)Itisintenselypetitive.25.A)Cooperationwithbigpanies.B)Recruitingmorequalifiedstaff.C)In-servicetrainingofITpersonnel.D)Sharingofcostswitheachother.1.[C]Itlinksthescienceofclimatechangetoeconomicandpolicyissues.2.[B]Itwouldbemorecostlytodealwithitsconsequencesthantoavoidit.3.[A]Thetransitiontolow-carbonenergysystems.4.[C]Planwellinadvance.5.[B]Whatdeterminessuess.6.[D]Itmeansbeinggoodatseizingopportunities.7.[D]Practiceisessentialtobeinggoodatsomething.8.[C]Beingpassionateaboutworkcanmakeonewealthy.9.[A]Tostumpofagianttree.10.[B]Windandwater.11.[D]Itwascreatedbysupernaturalpowers.12.[C]Byliftingthemwellabovetheground.13.[A]Theywillbuysomethingfromtheconveniencestores.14.[A]Theycanbringonlytemporarypleasures.15.[D]Smalldailysavingsanmakeabigdifferenceinone'slife.16.[B]Theyarenecessaryinourlives.17.[B]Theyfeeltoooverwhelmedtodealwithlife'sproblem.18.[A]Theyexpandourmind.19.[B]Itcamefroma3Dprinter.20.[C]Whenshewasstudyingatafashiondesignschool.21.[C]Itwashardandbreakable.22.[D]Itmarksabreakthroughinprintingmaterial.23.[A]Theyarisefromtheadvancesintechnology.24.[D]Itisintensivelypetitive.25.[D]Sharingofcostswitheachother.Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectoutonewordforeachblankfromalotofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Smallmunities,withtheirdistinctivecharacter—wherelifeisstableandintenselyhuman—aredisappearing.Somehave26fromthefaceoftheearth,othersaredyingslowly,butallhave27changesastheyhaveeintocontactwithan28machinecivilization.Themergingofdiversepeoplesintoamonmasshasproducedtensionamongmembersoftheminoritiesandthemajorityalike.TheOldOrderAmish,whoarrivedonAmericanshoresincolonialtimes,have29inthemodernworldindistinctive,smallmunities.Theyhaveresistedthehomogenization30moresuessfullythanothers.Inplantingandharvesttimesonecanseetheirbeardedmenworkingthefieldswithhorsesandtheirwomenhangingoutthelaundryinneatrowstodry.ManyAmericanpeoplehaveseenAmishfamilieswiththemenwearingbroad-brimmedblackhatsandthewomeninlongdresses.Inrailwayorbus31.AlthoughtheAmishhavelivedwith32Americaforovertwoandahalfcenturies.Theyhavemoderateditsinfluenceontheirpersonallives,theirfamilies,munities,andtheirvalues.TheAmishareoften33byotherAmericanstoberelicsofthepastwholiveasimple,inflexiblelifededicatedtoinconvenientout-datedcustoms.Theyareseenasabandoningbothmodem34andtheAmericandreamofsuessandprogress,ButmostpeoplehavenoquarrelwiththeAmishfordoingthingstheold-fashionedway.Theirconscientiousobjectionwastoleratedinwartime.Forafterall.Theyaregoodfarmerswho35thevirtuesofworkandthrift.A)aessingI)progressB)conveniencesJ)respectiveC)destinedK)survivedD)expandingL)terminalsE)industrializedM)undergoneF)perceivedN)universalG)practiceO)vanishedH)process26.[O]vanished27.[M]undergone28.[D]expanding29.[K]survived30.[H]process31.[L]terminals32.[E]industrialized33.[F]perceived34.[B]conveniences35.[G]practiceDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.CountriesRushforUpperHandinAntarcticaA)Onaglacier-filledislandwithfjords(峽灣)andelephantseals,RussiahasbuiltAntarctica’sfirstOrthodoxchurchonabilloverlookingitsresearchbase.Lessthananhourawaybysnowmobile.ChineselaborershaveupdatedtheGreatWallStation,avitalpartofChina’splantooperatefivebassesonAntarctica,pletewithanindoorbadmintoncourtandsleepingquartersfor150people.Nottobeoutdone,India’sfuturisticnewBharathibase,builtonstills(樁子)using134interlockingshippingcontainers,resemblesaspaceship.TurkeyandIranhaveannouncedplanstobuildbases,too.B)Morethanacenturyhaspassedsinceexplorersracedtoplanttheirflagsatthebottomoftheworld,andfordecadestoethiscontinentissupposedtobeprotectedasascientificpreserve,shieldedfromintrusionslikemilitaryactivitiesandmining.Butanarrayofcountriesarerushingtoassertgreaterinfluencehere,withaneyenotjusttowardsthedaythoseprotectivetreatiesexpire,butalsoforthestrategicandmercialthatalreadyexist.C)Thenewerplayersaresteppingintowhattheyviewasatreasurehouseofresources.SomeoftheventuresfocusontheAntarcticresourcesthatarealreadyupforgrabs,likeabundantsealife.SouthKorea,whichoperatesstate-of–the-artbaseshere,isincreasingitsfishingofkrill(磷蝦)，foundinabundanceintheSouthernOcean,whileRussiarecentlyfrustratedeffortstocreateoneoftheworld’slargestoceansanctuarieshere.D)SomescientistsareexaminingthepotentialforharvestingicebergsformAntarctica,whichisestimatedtohavethebiggestreservesoffreshwateronthepla.Nationsarealsopressingaheadwithspaceresearchandsatelliteprojectstoexpandtheirglobalnavigationabilities.E)BuildingonaSoviet-erafoothold,RussiaisexpandingitsmonitoringstationsforGlonass,itsversionoftheGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS).AtleastthreeRussianstationsarealreadyoperatinginAntarctica,partofitsefforttochallengethedominanceoftheAmericanGPS,andnewstationsareplannedforsitesliketheRussianbase,intheshadowoftheOrthodoxChurchoftheHolyTrinity.F)ElsewhereinAntarctica,RussianresearchersboastoftheirrecentdiscoveryofafreshwaterreservethesizeofLakeOntarioafterdrillingthroughmilesofsolidice.“Youcanseethatwe’reheretostay,”saidVladimirCheberdak,57,chiefoftheBellingshausenStation,ashesippedteaunderaportraitofFabianGottliebvonBellingshausen,ahigh-rankingofficerintheImperialRussianNavywhoexploredtheAntarcticcoastin1820.G)Antarctica’smineral,oilandgaswealtharealonger-termprize.Thetreatybanningmininghere,shieldingcoveted(令人垂誕的)reservesofironore,coalandchromium,esupforreviewin2048.Researchersrecentlyfoundkimberlite(金伯利巖)depositshintingattheexistenceofdiamonds.Andwhileassessmentsvarywidely,geologistsestimatethatAntarcticaholdsatleast36billionbarrelsofoilandnaturalgas.H)BeyondtheAntarctictreaties,hugeobstaclespersisttotappingtheseresources,likedriftingicebergsthatcouldjeopardizeoffshoreplatforms.ThenthereisAntarctic’sremoteness,withsomemineraldepositsfoundinwindsweptlocationsonacontinentthatislargertheEuropeandwherewintertemperatureshoveraroundminus55degreesCelsius.I)ButadvancesintechnologymightmakeAntarcticaalotmoreaessiblethreedecadesfromnow.Andevenbeforethen,scholarswarn,thedemandforresourcesinanenergy-hungryworldcouldraisepressuretorenegotiateAntarctica’streaties,possiblyallowingmoremercialendeavoursherewellbeforetheprohibitionsagainstthemexpire.TheresearchstationsonKingGeorgelslandofferaglimpseintothelonggameonthisice-blanketedcontinentasnationsassertthemselves,erodingtheswaylongheldbycountriesliketheUnitedStates,Britain.AustraliaandNewZealand.J)BeingstationedinAntarcticainvolvesadaptingtolifeonthepla’sdriest,windiestandcoldestcontinent,yeteachnationmanagestomakeitselfathome.BeardedRussianpriestsofferregularservicesattheOrthodoxchurchforthe16orsoRussianspeakerswhospendthewinteratthebase,largelypolarscientistsinfieldslikeglaciologyandmeteorology.Theirnumberclimbstoabout40inthewarmersummermonths.ChinahasarguablythefastestgrowingoperationsinAntarctica.Itopeneditsfourthstationlastyearandispressingaheadwithplanstobuildafifth.Itisbuildingitssecondice-breakingshipandsettingupresearchdrillingoperationsonanicedome13,422feetabovesealevelthatisonethepla’scoldestplaces.ChineseofficialssaytheexpansioninAntarcticaprioritisesscientificresearch.Buttheyalsoacknowledgethatconcernsabout“resourcesecurity”influencetheirmoves.K)China’snewlyrenovatedGreatWallStationonKingGeorgelslandmakestheRussianandChileanbaseshereseemoutdated.”Wedoweathermonitoringhereandotherresearch.”NingXu,53,thechiefoftheChinesebase,saidoverteaduringafierceblizzard(暴風(fēng)雪)inlateNovember.Thelargebaseheleadsresemblesasnowed-incollegecampusonholidaybreak,withthecapacitytosleepmorethan10timesthe13peoplewhowerestayingonthroughtheAntarcticwinter.YongYu,aChinesemicrobiologist,showedoffthespaciousbuilding,withemptydesksunderanillustratedtimelinedetailingtherapidgrowthofChina’sAntarcticoperationssincethe1980s“Wenowfeelequippedtogrow,”hesaid.L)AssomecountriesexpandoperationsinAntarctica,theUnitedStatesmaintainsthreeyear-roundstationsonthecontinentwithmorethan1,000peopleduringthesouthernhemisphere’ssummer,includingthoseattheAmundsenScottstation,builtin1956atanelevationof9,301feetonaplateauattheSouthPole.ButUSresearchersquietlyplainaboutbudgetrestraintsandhavingfarfewericebreakerstheRussia,limitingthereachoftheUnitedStatesinAntarctica.M)ScholarswarnthatAntarctica’spoliticaldriftcouldblurthedistinctionbetweenmilitaryandcivilianactivitieslongbeforethecontinent’streatieseupforrenegotiation,especiallyinpartsofAntarcticathatareidealforintercepting(攔截)signalsfromsatellitesorretaskingsatellitesystems,potentiallyenhancingglobalelectronicintelligenceoperations.N)Somecountrieshavehadahardtimehere,Brazilopenedaresearchstationin1984,butitwaslargelydestroyedbyafirethatkilledtwomembersofthenavyinxx,thesameyearthatadiesel-ladenBrazilianbargesanknearthebase.Asifthatwerenotenough.aBrazilianC-130HerculesmilitarytransportplanehasremainedstrandedneartherunwayofChile’sairbaseheresinceitcrash-landedinxx.O)However,Brazil’sstretchofmisfortunehascreatedopportunitiesforChina,withaChinesepanywinningthe$100millioncontractinxxtorebuildtheBrazilianstation.P)Amidallthechanges,Antarcticamaintainsitsallure.SouthKoreaopeneditssecondAntarcticresearchbaseinxx,describingitasawaytotestrobotsdevelopedbyKoreanresearchersforuseinextremeconditions.WithRussia’shelp,BelarusispreparingtobuildthisfirstAntarcticbase.ColombiasaidthisyearthatitplannedtojoinotherSouthAmericannationswithbasesinAntarctica.Q)“TheolddaysoftheAntarcticbeingdominatedbytheinterestsandwishesofwhitemenfromEuropean.AustralasianandNorthAmericanstatesareover.”SaidKlausDodds,apoliticsscholarattheUniversityofLondonwhospecialisesinAntarctica.“TherealityisthatAntarcticaisgeopoliticallycontested.”36.AordingtoChineseofficials,theiractivitiesinAntarcticalaygreateremphasisonscientificresearch.37.Effortstocreateoneoftheworld’slargestoceansanctuariesfailedbecauseofRussia’sobstruction.38.WithseveralmonitoringstationsoperatinginAntarctica,RussiaistryinghardtocounterAmerica’sdominanceinthefieldofworldwidenavigationalfacilities.39.Aordingtogeologists’estimates.Antarcticahasenormousreservesofoilandnaturalgas.40.ItisestimatedthatAntarcticaboastsoftherichestreservesoffreshwateronearth.41.ThedemandforenergyresourcesmaypelrenegotiationofAntarctica’streatiesbeforetheirexpiration.42.ManycountriesareracingagainsteachothertoincreasetheirbusinessandstrategicinfluenceonAntarctica.43.Antarctica’sharshnaturalconditionsconstitutehugeobstaclestotheexploitationofitsresources.44.Withpetitionfrommanycountries,Antarcticaisnolongerdominatedbythetraditionalwhitenations.45.AmericanscientistsplainaboutlackofsufficientmoneyandequipmentfortheirexpansioninAntarctica.CountriesRushforUpperHandinAntarctica36.[J]37.[C]38.[E]39.[G]40.[D]41.[I]42.[B]43.[H]44.[Q]45.[L]Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Anyveterannicotineaddictwilltestifythatfancypackagingplaysnoroleinthedecisiontokeepsmoking.So,itisargued,strippingcartonsoftheirbrandingwilltriggernomassmovementtoquit.Butthatisn’twhythegovernment—underpressurefromcancercharities,healthworkersandtheLabourparty—hasagreedtolegislateforstandardizedpackaging.Thetheoryisthatsmokingshouldbestrippedofanyappealtodiscouragenewgenerationsfromstartinginthefirstplace.Plainpackagingwouldbeanotherstepinthereclassificationofcigarettesfrominvitingconsumerproductstos(麻醉劑).Naturally,thetobaoindustryisviolentlyopposed.Nobusinesslikestoadmitthatitsellsaddictivepoisonasalifestylechoice.Thatiswhygovernmenthashistoricallyintervened,banningadvertising,imposinghealthwarningsandpunitive(懲罰性的)duties.Thisapproachhasledovertimetoafallinsmokingwithnumbershavingroughlyhalvedsincethe1970s.EvidencefromAustraliasuggestsplainpackagingpushessocietyfurtheralongthatroad.SincetobaoasoneofthebiggestcausesofprematuredeathintheUK,ameasurethattamesthehabitevenbyafractionisworthtrying.Sowhyhasittakensolong?TheDepartmentofHealthdeclareditsintentiontoconsiderthemoveinNovemberxxandconsultedthroughxx.ButtheplanwassuspendedinJulyxx.ItdidnotescapenoticethatalobbyingfirmsetupbyLyntonCrosby,DavidCameron’selectioncampaigndirector,hadpreviouslyactedforPhilipMorrisInternational.(Theprimeministerdeniedtherewasaconnectionbetweenhisnewsadviser’soutsideinterestsandthechangeinlegislativeprogramme.)InNovemberxx,afteranunnecessaryroundofadditionalconsultation,healthministerJaneEllisonsaidthegovernmentwasmindedtoproceedafterall.NowwearetoldMembersofParliament(MPs)willhaveafreevoicebeforeparliamentisdissolvedinMarch.Parliamenthasinfactalreadyauthorisedthegovernmenttotamethetobaotrade.MPsvotedoverwhelminglyinfavourofLabouramendmentstothechildrenandfamiliesbilllastFebruarythatincludedthepowertoregulateforplainpackaging.WithsufficientwillinDowningStreetthiswouldhavebeendonealready.ButstrengthofwillisthemissingingredientwhereMr.Cameronandpublichealthareconcerned.Hisattitudetostateinterventionhaslookedconfusedeversincehisbizarrexxlament(嘆息)thatchocolateorangesplacedseductivelyatsupermarketcheck-outsfueledobesity.Thegovernmenthasmovedreluctantlyintoasensiblepublichealthpolicy,butwithsuchobviousover-cautiousnessthatanypoliticalcreditduebelongstotheopposition.WithoutsustainedexternalpressureitseemscertainMr.Cameronwouldstillbehookedontheinterestsofbigtobaopanies.46.Whatdochainsmokersthinkofcigarettepackaging?A)Fancypackagingcanhelptoengagenewsmokers.B)Ithaslittletodowiththequalityortasteofcigarettes.C)Plainpackagingdiscouragesnon-smokersfromtakingupsmoking.D)Ithaslittleimpactontheirdecisionwhetherornottoquitsmoking.47.WhathastheUKgovernmentagreedtodoconcerningtobaopackaging?A)Passalawtostandardisecigarettepackaging.B)Ridcigarettecartonsofalladvertisements.C)Subsidisepaniestoadoptplainpackaging.D)Reclassifycigarettesaordingtopackaging.48.WhathashappenedinAustraliawhereplainpackagingisimplemented?A)Prematuredeathratesresultingfromsmokinghavedeclined.B)ThenumberofsmokershasdroppedmoresharplythanintheUK.C)Thesalesoftobaosubstituteshaveincreasedconsiderably.D)CigarettesaleshavebeenfallingfarmorequicklythanintheUK.49.WhyittakensolongfortheUKgovernmenttoconsiderplainpackaging?A)PrimeMinisterCameronhasbeenreluctanttotakeaction.B)Thereisstrongoppositionfromveterannicotineaddicts.C)ManyMembersofParliamentareaddictedtosmoking.D)Pressurefromtobaomanufacturersremainsstrong.50.WhatdidCameronsayaboutchocolateorangesatsupermarketcheckouts?A)Theyfueledalotofcontroversy.B)TheymademoreBritishpeopleobese.C)Theyattractedalotofsmokers.D)Theyhadcertainingredientsmissing.Whatawasteofmoney!Inreturnforanaverageof44,000ofdebt,studentsgetanaverageofonly14hoursoflectureandtutorialtimeaweekinBritain.Annualfeeshaverisenfrom1,000to$9,000inthelastdecade.Butcontacttimeatuniversityhasbarelyrisenatall.Andgraduatingdoesn’tevenprovideanyguaranteeofadecentjob:sixintengraduatestodayareinnon-graduatejobs.Nowonderithasbeefashionabletodenouncemanyuniversitiesaslittlemorethatelaborate-tricks(騙術(shù)).There’salotforstudentstoplainabouttherepaymentthresholdforpayingbackloanswillbefrozenforfiveyears,meaningthatlower-paidgradualshavetostartrepayingtheirloans,andmaintenancegrantshavebeenreplacedbyloansmeaningthatstudentsfrompoorerbackgroundsfacehigherdebtthanthosewithwealthierparents.Yetitstillpaystogotouniversity.Ifgoingtouniversitydoesn’tworkout,studentspayverylittle—ifany—oftheirtuitionfeesback,youonlystartrepayingwhenyouareearning21,000ayear.Almosthalfofgraduates—thosewhogoontoearnless—willhaveaportionoftheirdebtwrittenoff.It’snotjustthelecturesandtutorialsthatareimportant.Educationisthesumofwhatstudentsteacheachotherinbetweenlecturesandseminars.Studentsdonotmerelybenefitwhileatuniversity,studiesshowtheygoontobehealthierandhappierthannon-graduates,andalsofarmorelikelytovote.Whateveryourtalents,itisextraordinarilydifficulttogetaleadingjobinmostfieldswithouthavingbeentouniversity.Recruiterscircleeliteuniversitieslikevulturous(兀鷹).Manytopfirmswillnotevenlookatapplicationsfromthosewholacka2.1,i.e.,anupper-secondclassdegree,fromaneliteuniversity.Studentsatuniversityalsomeetthoselikelytobeinleadingjobsinthefuture,formingcontac