基于GIS的深基坑施工監(jiān)測信息系統(tǒng)

基于GIS的深基坑施工監(jiān)測信息系統(tǒng)摘要目前,深基坑施工監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)的文件管理模式已無法滿足大量的監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)存儲和快速實(shí)時(shí)分析的需求。地理信息系統(tǒng)(GIS)技術(shù)已應(yīng)用于深基坑施工監(jiān)測信息的管理。大型基坑施工監(jiān)測的信息管理系統(tǒng)的功能建設(shè)基于GIS設(shè)計(jì)遵循以下條件：監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)輸入、圖形、基坑施工監(jiān)控信息查詢、圖表自動(dòng)生成的曲線和模擬變形、信息分析、監(jiān)測、預(yù)測等等。同時(shí),基于三個(gè)主要組件:背景管理圖形界面、工作工程和基本架構(gòu)的系統(tǒng)。該論文制定了一批關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的系統(tǒng)并給出了應(yīng)用實(shí)例。關(guān)鍵字地理信息系統(tǒng)(GIS)深基坑施工變形監(jiān)測信息管理系統(tǒng)介紹最近幾年的地理信息系統(tǒng)(簡稱GIS)應(yīng)用于巖土工程。特別是在深大基坑建設(shè)越來越引起人們的重視。GIS是一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng),呼叫處理地理空間數(shù)據(jù)的輸入、輸出、管理、查詢、分析和決策支持。它有幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)的信息系統(tǒng),與其他信息系統(tǒng)(如辦公自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)等)。主要的區(qū)別是GIS研究和服務(wù)的對象有一定的地理空間位置開挖監(jiān)測點(diǎn)是鋪設(shè)在基坑施工環(huán)境,以反映變化。不同的地理空間位置的監(jiān)測站點(diǎn)反映了不同地區(qū)的安全狀態(tài)的開挖?；贕IS、管理監(jiān)控分使用強(qiáng)大的地理空間數(shù)據(jù)分析和圖形顯示功能,結(jié)合現(xiàn)有技術(shù)的巖土工程(特別是深大基坑工程技術(shù)),開發(fā)信息管理系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)監(jiān)測到大型基坑建設(shè)基于GIS是必要的.監(jiān)控信息可以用于基坑施工管理、可視化分析和預(yù)測和利用率。發(fā)展監(jiān)測信息系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,是信息化建設(shè)的過程中,有一定的實(shí)用價(jià)值在基坑施工、設(shè)計(jì)和研究。建筑系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)基于GIS的設(shè)計(jì)大型基坑施工監(jiān)測的信息管理系統(tǒng)的包括以下功能:基坑工程信息的收集、存儲、管理和檢索功能。按照一定的規(guī)范,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輸入系統(tǒng),相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)和信息的挖掘工程可以輸入到系統(tǒng)和新項(xiàng)目信息可以實(shí)時(shí)更新基于GIS和關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)。工程數(shù)據(jù)主要包括:開挖基礎(chǔ)地理信息(照片顯示的總計(jì)劃,稱為基于配置文件),工程地質(zhì)勘探信息、施工監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)等信息可以進(jìn)行了全面和系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)庫并顯示匯總建立成使用GIS技術(shù)。挖掘工程可以實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)字化和信息共享基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)可以提供有效的數(shù)字信息和科學(xué)依據(jù)決策。(2)工程可視化該系統(tǒng)以點(diǎn)線作為基本形式分散局部開挖勘探數(shù)據(jù)、設(shè)計(jì)、施工監(jiān)測和解釋結(jié)果等在三維空間相結(jié)合,三維信息模型重構(gòu)向量坑坑地區(qū)建設(shè)的形式顯示在二維菲亞特面板和瀏覽在三維空間結(jié)構(gòu)和積極挖掘復(fù)雜的關(guān)系表達(dá)式,完整的復(fù)制即三維地理空間可以多角度自由顯示從周圍的環(huán)境中,維護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)、崩落面孔巖土工程地質(zhì)的內(nèi)部應(yīng)力滲透率的分布和各種屬性信息在工程地質(zhì)、開挖縱向片任意截面、開挖、虛擬鉆井等等可以虛擬可視化太。查詢和統(tǒng)計(jì)功能系統(tǒng)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)參與各種類型的數(shù)據(jù)查詢和統(tǒng)計(jì)相關(guān)性包括:根據(jù)地理形態(tài)單位,工程地質(zhì),水文地質(zhì)區(qū)劃分、地質(zhì)參數(shù)、環(huán)境地質(zhì)因素,地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的類型,和用戶定義的查詢等圖形/屬性數(shù)據(jù)之間的關(guān)系圖形/數(shù)據(jù)交叉檢索統(tǒng)計(jì)屬性數(shù)據(jù)和專題制圖系統(tǒng)有能力的多參數(shù)統(tǒng)計(jì)和分析地質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù),可以用多種方式來表達(dá)分析結(jié)果如直方圖,分布曲線圖,相關(guān)曲線。工程監(jiān)測和變形仿真功能在本部分中,名稱,類型,安裝監(jiān)控分時(shí)間和其他靜態(tài)信息可查,和各種動(dòng)態(tài)變形值,如位移和變形速度還可以訪問各種形式的報(bào)告和圖表,可以自動(dòng)生成基于工程需求,如沉降觀測結(jié)果在表、結(jié)算時(shí)間曲線、速度時(shí)間曲線和變形過程進(jìn)行三維動(dòng)態(tài)模擬,一個(gè)特殊的彈出窗口變形過程和模擬的發(fā)展趨勢。監(jiān)測和預(yù)測能力和信息反饋基于GIS的數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng),綜合考慮與土壓力、水壓力、工程地質(zhì)學(xué)、負(fù)載、建筑結(jié)構(gòu)和其他因素,根據(jù)功能關(guān)系的受力和變形,本構(gòu)模型分析,研究巖土工程監(jiān)測結(jié)果和各種影響因素,做出準(zhǔn)確和及時(shí)的科學(xué)預(yù)測安全狀態(tài)的基坑施工.通過分析監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù),修改設(shè)計(jì)與巖石物理力學(xué)參數(shù)、壓力、滲透壓力、巖石壓力和其他基本負(fù)荷;通過監(jiān)測圍巖和支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的位移、應(yīng)力應(yīng)變、修改設(shè)計(jì)為使用與基礎(chǔ)變形控制、安全、監(jiān)測方法和監(jiān)測標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指標(biāo);在此基礎(chǔ)上,調(diào)整圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)及施工程序,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)信息技術(shù)應(yīng)用于基坑設(shè)計(jì)和施工。設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)根據(jù)功能需求,系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)是基于三層:數(shù)據(jù)支持層,基本和先進(jìn)的應(yīng)用程序?qū)?結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯關(guān)系,每一層都是圖1所示。系統(tǒng)開發(fā)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)地理信息系統(tǒng)(GIS)技術(shù)基坑工程信息包括工程地質(zhì)、水電地質(zhì)、環(huán)境地質(zhì)信息,還包括工程設(shè)計(jì)、施工、監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)的大量信息的復(fù)雜類型,是多源異構(gòu)幾乎所有人與時(shí)間的地理空間燒錄流逝不斷更改這些特性的基坑工程提出了更高的要求,信息的組織和管理的計(jì)算機(jī).地理信息系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行收集、存儲、管理、檢索、分析和描述空間對象的空間分布和相關(guān)屬性數(shù)據(jù)作為其基本任務(wù)應(yīng)用地理信息系統(tǒng)技術(shù)在基坑工程管理調(diào)用符合要求的基坑工程的組織和管理信息。可視化技術(shù)基于挖掘地理信息平臺,運(yùn)用計(jì)算機(jī)圖形技術(shù)、視覺理論技術(shù)等等來顯示所有類型的信息,包括集體基坑工程,地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)象配置,鉆井信息,韋德部分等等。虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)是所有高級形式的可視化技術(shù)可以使用計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)來生成一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)世界與視覺、聽覺、和其他感官用戶調(diào)用直接審查和控制天生的虛擬實(shí)體。基礎(chǔ)工程信息建模技術(shù)基于工程數(shù)據(jù),挖掘工程信息模型可以建立了信息模型是三維可視化的基礎(chǔ)模型,分析工程地質(zhì)信息三維模型,模型包括基坑、工程地質(zhì)、地質(zhì)鉆探,因此在這些模型包括地理空間位置的特征、幾何形狀、功能結(jié)構(gòu)、物理和力學(xué)特性。挖掘工程師分析巖土工程數(shù)值基于工程信息分析,繼續(xù)本構(gòu)模型分析變形分析和開挖工程巖土開挖安全分析。由于巖土工程的不成熟和不精確的巖石力學(xué)本構(gòu)參數(shù)。平臺應(yīng)該包含多種更成熟和先進(jìn)的數(shù)值分析方法和本構(gòu)模型庫為巖土工程,很容易擴(kuò)展,挖掘和分析監(jiān)測結(jié)果預(yù)測分析方法庫反開挖監(jiān)測結(jié)果數(shù)據(jù)庫,坑變形和安全分析方法庫?；邮┕Q策支持技術(shù)建立評價(jià)方法庫開挖的基礎(chǔ)施工方法庫,因此在結(jié)合各種類型的數(shù)據(jù)采取安全診斷的挖掘,制定實(shí)施基坑施工程序,程序分析和評價(jià)。3、實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)和應(yīng)用在WindowsXP系統(tǒng)在Visualc++6.0開發(fā)語言。OpenGL的圖形開發(fā)工具使用SQLServer數(shù)據(jù)庫支持,應(yīng)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的軟件工程工具上升為建模,開發(fā)我們自己的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)爭斗基坑施工安全監(jiān)測信息管理系統(tǒng)。目前,系統(tǒng)開發(fā)已經(jīng)取得初步結(jié)果和系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用在圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的施工監(jiān)控如上游南京通過長江盾構(gòu)隧道穿越原始井、接收井、深基坑等變得更好的結(jié)果如圖2.和圖3.是監(jiān)測積分系統(tǒng)基于數(shù)據(jù)庫生成了圖的浦信封監(jiān)測部分和監(jiān)測項(xiàng)目.系統(tǒng)基于信息所產(chǎn)生的監(jiān)測站測量LK3+560東校區(qū)外的地下連續(xù)墻鋼筋應(yīng)力和鋼筋應(yīng)力概要地圖。結(jié)論和展望信息管理系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)安全監(jiān)測到大型基坑建設(shè)基于GIS技術(shù),利用3dGIS有高效的管理調(diào)查、設(shè)計(jì)、施工、監(jiān)測、數(shù)據(jù)集中的坑在這個(gè)過程中,結(jié)合巖土工程理論的信息技術(shù)和數(shù)字方面采取視覺分析,以便在基坑施工和安全管理提供信息共享和智能分析平臺.該系統(tǒng)有一個(gè)友好和漂亮的界面不是只有提高數(shù)據(jù)處理的精度和預(yù)測時(shí)效性,但也同時(shí)減少數(shù)據(jù)處理時(shí)間實(shí)際上它提高工作效率和信息技術(shù)水平的開挖施工。DeepFoundationPitConstructionMonitoringInformationSystemBasedonGISAbstract．Atpresent,thefilemanagementmodelofthedeepandlargefoundationpitconstructionmonitoringdatahasbeenunabletomeetalargenumberofmonitoringdatastorageandfastreal-timeanalysisrequirements．GeographicalInformationSystems(GIS)technologyhasbeenappliedinthemanagementofdeepandlargefoundationpitconstructionmonitoringinformation．ThefunctionsofinformationmanagementsystemofconstructionmonitoringtolargefoundationpitconstructionbasedonGISwasdesignedasfollowed：monitoringdataentry，graphics，pitconstructionmonitoringInformationquery,chartsautomaticallygeneratedcurvesanddeformationsimulation，Informationanalysis，monitoring，forecastingandsoon．Atthesametime，basedonthethreemajorcomponents，backgroundmanagement．graphicalinterfaceandmeworkofengineering，thebasicarchitectureofthesystemisdesigned．Thispaperhassetoutanumberofkeytechnologiesofthesystemandgivesapplicationexamples．Keywords．GeographicInformationSystems(GIS)，deepandlargefoundationpitconstruction,constructionmonitoring，informationmanagementsystemsIntroductionRecentyears．GeographicInformationSystems(referredtoasGIS)applicationingeotechnicalengineering。especiallyindeepandlargefoundationpitconstructionincreasinglyattractedpeople’sattention．GISisacomputersystemwhichcalldealwithgeospatialdatainput，Output，management，inquiring，analysisanddecisionsupport．Ithasseveralofcharacteristicsofinformationsystems,withotherinformationsystems(Suchasofficeautomationsystemetc．1．ThemaindifferenceisthattheobjectswhichGISresearchandservinghaveacertaingeo—spatiallocation．Excavationmonitoringpointsarelaidinthefoundationpitconstructionenvironmenttoreflectchanges．Differentgeographicalspatiallocationofthemonitoringsitesreflectsdifferentpartsofthesecuritystatusofexcavation．BasedonGIS，managementofmonitoringpointsusingthepowerfulgeospatialdataanalysisandgraphicaldisplaycapabilities，combinationofexistingtechnologiesofGeotechnicalEngineering(haparticular,deepandlargefoundationpitEngineeringTechnology)，developinginformationmanagementsystemofconstructionmonitoringtolargefoundationpitconstructionbasedonGISisnecessary．Monitoringinformationcanbeusedforfoundationpitconstructionmanagement，Visualization。analysisandforecastingandutilization．Developingmonitoringinformationsystemisanimportantpartofinformationconstructionprocess，andhaspracticalvalueinthefoundationpitconstruction,designandresearch【l，2】．1．TheDesignofSystemicArchitectureInformationmanagementsystemoflargefoundationpitconstructionmonitoringbasedonGISisdesignedincludingthefollowingfeatures：(1)Informationcollection，storage，managementandretrievalcapabilitiesofexcavationengineering．Accordingtocertainnorms，standardinputsystem，therelevantdataandinformationofexcavationengineeringCanbeinputintothesystemandthenewprojectinformationCanbeupdatedinreal．timebasedonGISandrelationaldatabasesystem．Engineeringdatamainlyincludes：excavationbasicgeographicinformation(Thephotoshowsthetotalplanandprofile—based)，engineeringgeologicalexplorationinformation,constructionmonitoringdataetc．Theseinformationcanbeconductedacomprehensive,andsystematicsummary．builtintoDatabaseanddisplayedusingGIStechnology．ExcavationworksCanachievedigitizationandinformation．sharing．FoundationconstructionCanbeprovidedeffectivedigitalinformationandscientificbasisfordecisionmaking【3，4，5】．(2)EngineeringvisualizationThesystemtakespoints．linesasbasicformfragmented．Partialexcavationexplorationdata，design，construction。monitoringandinterpretingresultsetc．combinedinthree．dimensionalspaceandthree．dimensionalpitinformationmodelisreconstructed．Vectorformoftheconstructionpitregionsisdisplayedintwo．dimensionalfiatpanelandbrowsedinthree—dimensionalactively．Excavationcomplexspatialstructureandtherelationshipexpressionarereproduced．Namely，thefullthree．dimensionalgeographicalspaceCanbemulti-anglefreedisplayedfromsurroundingenvironment，maintainingstructure，cavingfacestogeotechnicalengineeringgeology．Thedistributionofinternalstress。permeabilityandvariousattributeinformationintheengineeringgeology，excavationlongitudinalsliceofarbitrarycrosssection，excavation,virtualdrillingandSOoncanbevirtualvisualizedtoo【6，7，8】．QueryandstatisticsfeatureSystemCanrealizethesysteminvolvedinvarioustypesofdataqueriesandstatisticalcorrelationincluded：accordingtogeo-morphologicalunits，engineeringgeologydivision，hydro—geologicaldistrict，geologicalparameters，environmentalgeologicalfactors，thetypeofgeologicaldisasters，anduser-definedquery，etc．betweengraphics／attributesdataaswellasbetweengraphics／datacross．retrieval．statisticsofAttributedataandthematicmapping．Systemhastheabilityofmulti-parameterstatisticsandanalysisofgeologicaldataandCanuseavarietyofWaystoexpresstheanalysisresultssuchashistogram，distributioncurvediagram，correlationcurve．(4)EngineeringmonitoringanddeformationsimulationfunctionsInthispart，thenameofmonitoringpoints，type，installationtimeandotherstaticinformationcanbechecked，andavarietyofdynamicdeformationofvalues，Suchasdisplacementanddeformationspeedcanalsobeaccessed．Variousformsofreportsandgraphscanbeautomaticallygeneratedbasedontheengineeringneeds，suchasthesettlementobservationresultsintable，settlement．timecurve，andvelocity．timecurve．Andthedeformationprocesscanbecarriedoutonthethree．dimensionaldynamicsimulation，aspecialpop．upwindowfordeformationprocessandthedevelopmenttrendofsimulation．(5)MonitoringandforecastingcapabilitiesandinformationfeedbackGIS-baseddatabasesystem,comprehensiveconsiderationwithsoilpressure,waterpressure，engineeringgeology,load，buildingstructureandotherfactors，accordingtofunctionalrelationshipofforceanddeformation,constitutivemodelanalysisforgeotechnicalengineering,researchmonitoringresultsandvariousinfluencingfactors，makeanaccurateandtimelyscientificforecastaboutsecuritystatusofthefoundationpitconstruction．Throughtheanalysisofmonitoringdata，reviseddesignwithrockphysicalandmechanicalparameters，Stress，seepagepressure，rockpressureandotherbasicload；Throughmonitoringthesurroundingrockandthesupportingstructureofthedisplacement，stress。strain，toamendthedesignforusingwiththebasedeformationcontrol，security，monitoringmethodsandmonitoringcriteriaindicators；Basedonthis，adjusttheretainingstructureparametersandconstructionprogramsoastorealizeinformationtechnologyappliedtoexcavationdesignandconstruction．1.2．Thedesignofthesystem‘sbasicstructureAccordingtofunctionalrequirements，thesystemisdesignedbasedonthreelayers：datasupportlayer，basicandadvancedapplicationlayer，thestructureandlogicalrelationshipofeachlayerisshowninFigure1．2．KeyTechnologiesoftheSystemDevelopment(1)GeographicInformationSystems(GIS)technologyExcavationengineeringinformationincludesengineeringgeology，hydro-geology，environmentalgeologyinformation，alsoincludesengineeringdesign，construction，monitoringdata．Thelargeamountofinformationhascomplextypesandismulti-sourceheterogeneous．Nearlyallofthemhavegeo—spatialdata．a(chǎn)ndwithtime’sgoesbyconstantlychange．Thesefeaturesofexcavationengineeringinformationputforwardhigherrequirementstotheorganizationandmanagementofmecomputer．Geographicinformationsystemstakecollecting，storing，managing，retrieving，analyzinganddescribingthespatialdistributionofthespaceobjectsandassociatedattributedataasitsbasictask．Applyinggeographicinformationsystemstechnologyinexcavationengineeringmanagementcallmeettherequirementsoforganizingandmanagingexcavationengineeringinformation．(2)VisualizationtechnologyBasedontheexcavationgeographicalinformationplatform，applyingcomputergraphicstechnology，visualtheorytechnologyandsoontoshowalltypesofinformationoftheexcavationengineeringwhichincludethecollectivityconformation．configuration，thegeologicstructure，drillinginformation，wadesectionsandSOon．Virtualrealityisalladvancedformofvisualizationtechnology．Itcanusecomputertechnologytogeneratearealisticworldwithvisual，auditory，andothersensory．UsersCalldirectlyreviewandcontroltheinbornvirtualentities．(3)FoundationengineeringinformationmodelingtechnologyBasedonengineeringdata,theexcavationengineeringinformationmodelcanbefounded．Theinformationmodelisthebasisfor3DVisualizationmodelofengineeringgeologyandanalysis．Theinformationmodelincludesthree-dimensionalmodelofFoundationpit，engineeringgeology，geologicaldrillingandSOon．ThesemodelsincludethecharacteristicsofGeo—spatiallocation,Geometricshape，functionalstructure，physicalandmechanicalcharacteristics．GeotechnicalnumericalanalysisinexcavationengineerBasedonengineeringinformationanalysis，continueconstitutivemodelanalysisforgeotechnicalengineering．excavationdistortionanalysisandexcavationsafetyanalysis．Duetotheimmaturityofgeotechnicalengineeringandinaccuracyofrockmechanicsconstitutiveparameters．thereisnounifiedmethodsforgeotechnicalengineeringdatacalculationandanalysis．Aplatformfornumericalanalysisofgeotechnicalengineeringshouldbedevelopedandestablished．Theplatformshouldcontainavarietyofmorematureandadvancednumericalanalysismethods．a(chǎn)ndconstitutivemodellibraryforgeotechnicalengineeringwhichiseasytoexpanded,excavationandanalysisofmonitoringresultspredictionmethodlibrary．a(chǎn)nti．excavationanalysisofmonitoringresultsdatabase，pitdeformationandsafetyanalysismethodslibrary．(5)FoundationpitconstructiondecisionsupporttechniquesEstablishevaluationmethodlibrary．excavationoffoundationconstructionmethodlibraryandsoon．Combiningwithvarioustypesofdata．takesafetydiagnosisabouttheexcavation，drawuptheimplementationoffoundationpitconstructionprograms，andprogramanalysisandevaluation．3.ExperimentalSystemDevelopmentandApplicationIntheWindowsXPsystemwithVisualC++6．0forthedevelopmentlanguage．OpenGLforthegraphicsdevelopmenttools。usingSQLServerasthedatabasesupport，applicationofstandardRoseforstandardsoftwareengineeringtoolsformodeling，developedourownintellectualpropertyfightsfoundationpitconstructionsafetymonitoringinformationmanagementsystem．Atpresent，thesystemdevelopmenthasachievedinitialresults．Andthesystemappliedinretainingstructure’SconstructionmonitoringsuchastheupperreachesNanjingpassageofcrossingYangtzeRivershieldtunneloriginalwells，receivewells，deepfoundationexcavation，etc．a(chǎn)ndhasgottenbetterresults．Figure2．a(chǎn)ndFigure3．a(chǎn)remonitoringpointssystembasedondatabase．generatedPukoulaidenvelopediagramofmonitoringsectionsandmonitoringoftheproject．SystembasedontheinformationgeneratedbymonitoringstationsmeasuredLK3+560theeastsectionofundergroundcontinuouswalloutsidethereinforcementstressmapandreinforcementstressprofiles．ConclusionandOutlookInformationmanagementsystemofconstructionsafemonitoringtolargefoundationpitconstructionbasedonGIS，usingthe3DGIStohaveefficientmanagementtoinvestigation，design，construction，monitoring，datacentralizedofthepitintheprocess，combinationthetheoryofgeotechnicalengineeringinformationtechnologyanddigitalaspectstotakevisualanalysis．inordertothefoundationpitconstructionandsafetymanagementtoprovideinformationsharingandintelligenceanalysisplatform．Thesystemhasafriendlyandbeautifulinterface。notonlytoimprovetheaccuracyofdataprocessingandforecastingtimeliness，butalsoatthesametimereducingdataprocessingtime．Actually．itimprovedefficiencyofworkandthelevelofinformationtechnologyofexcavationconstruction．References【l】Hammock,K．Jon，Usingageographicinform