英語句子成分分析

v1.0可編輯可修改v1.0可編輯可修改v1.0可編輯可修改PAGE句子成分（SentenceMembers）句子成分和結(jié)構(gòu)是英語的基礎，是理解和表達英語的關鍵。英語中許多詞類都對句子成分和結(jié)構(gòu)有影響。英語中的句子是由詞或短語組成的，這些詞或短語在句子中起一定的作用，叫做句子成分。英語的篇章是由句子構(gòu)成的，不同的內(nèi)容需要不同類型的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，這些句式結(jié)構(gòu)又構(gòu)成英語中不同的句子類型。學習英語句法的基礎是了解句子成分、句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和句子種類。在英文中句子成分包括：主語、謂語、賓語（直接賓語、間接賓語）、表語、定語和狀語、賓語補足語等。（一）主語：主語是謂語講述的對象，表示所說的“是什么”或“是誰”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當于名詞的詞或短語來充當。它在句首。如：（1）Lucyisabeautifulnurse.（名詞作主語）（2）Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.（代詞作主語）（3）Smokingisharmfultothehealth.（動名詞作主語）（4）ToswiminKunmingLakeisagreatpleasure.（不定式作主語）（5）Whatweshoulddoisnotyetdecided.（主語從句作主語）練一練：指出下例句中主語的中心詞。

1).The

teacher

with

two

of

his

students

is

walking

into

the

classroom.

2).There

is

an

old

man

coming

here.

3).The

useful

dictionary

was

given

by

my

mother

last

year.

4).To

do

today's

homework

without

the

teacher's

help

is

very

difficult.（二）謂語說明主語“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么樣”。謂語（謂語部分里主要的詞）必須是動詞。謂語和主語在人稱和數(shù)兩方面必須一致。它在主語后面。如：Hisparentsareteachers.（系動詞和表語一起作謂語）Westudyhard.（行為動詞作謂語）Wedon’tfinishreadingthebook.（助動詞和行為動詞一起作謂語）HecanspeakEnglish.（情態(tài)動詞和行為動詞一起作謂語）練一練：選出句中謂語的中心詞。

①

I

don't

like

the

picture

on

the

wall.

②

The

days

get

longer

and

longer

when

summer

comes.

③

Do

you

usually

go

to

school

by

bus

④

There

will

be

a

meeting

at

the

library

this

afternoon.

⑤

Did

the

twins

have

porridge

for

their

breakfast

⑥

Tom

didn't

do

his

homework

yesterday.

⑦

What

I

want

to

tell

you

is

this.

⑧

We

had

better

send

for

a

doctor.

三）賓語賓語是動作、行為的對象，由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當于名詞的詞、短語來擔任，它和及物動詞一起說明主語做什么。一般放在謂語之后。Sheisdoingherhomeworknow.（名詞作賓語）Shesays（that）sheisill.（賓語從句作動詞賓語）Weoftenhelphim.（代詞作賓語）Helikestoplaybasketball.（不定式作賓語）Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.我們喜歡聽音樂。（動名詞短語作賓語）練一練：挑出下列句中的賓語。

①

My

brother

hasn't

done

his

homework.

②

People

all

over

the

world

speak

English.

③

You

must

pay

good

attention

to

your

pronunciation.

④

How

many

new

words

did

you

learn

last

class

⑤

Some

of

the

students

in

the

school

want

to

go

swimming,

how

about

you說明1：賓語是及物動詞涉及到的人或物，賓語一般放在及物動詞之后。介詞后面的名詞或代詞或動名詞，稱為介詞賓語。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞常在句中做動詞賓語或介詞賓語。另外，動詞不定式可作動詞賓語；動名詞和賓語從句也可用作動詞賓語。說明2：及物動詞作謂語時，后面要跟賓語。賓語分直接賓語和間接賓語。直接賓語是及物動詞的直接對象，直接賓語指物，間接賓語通常是及物動詞的動作所及的人，間接賓語指人。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語之前。不是所有的及物動詞都可以用雙賓語。有的動詞可以跟。如：give,showbring,pass,buy等。如：（1）Ourteachertellsusastory.（2）Thesungivesuslight.間接賓語如果放在直接賓語之后，在表示“人”的間接賓語之前會出現(xiàn)介詞“to”或“for”。間接賓語前加“to”的有：give,show,send,bring,read,pass,lend,leave,hand,tell,return,write,throw,promise（答應）,refuse（拒絕）等。間接賓語加“for”的有：make,buy,do,get,play,order（命令）,sing,pay等（1）Igivehimabook.改成：（2）Hepassesmethebook.（他將書遞給我。）改成：（3）Hewritesmealetter.改成：（4）Hewillbuymesomebooks.改成：（5）Sheismakingmeacake.改成：練一練：劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語。

=1\*GB3①Please

tell

us

a

story.

②

My

father

bought

a

new

bike

for

me

last

week.

③

Mr

Li

is

going

to

teach

us

history

next

term.

④

Here

is

a

it

to

Tom.

⑤

Did

he

leave

any

message

for

me（四）賓語補足語在賓語后面補充說明賓語的動作、狀態(tài)、特征的成分，稱為賓語補足語。名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語以及動詞不定式、分詞等可用作賓語補足語。賓語和賓語補足語稱為復合賓語。如：Theymakeherhappy.（形容詞）Iseeherdance.（不定式）We’llhelpyoutomaketheOlympicsasuccess.（名詞）Pleaselethimin.（副詞）Weheardhersingingasong.（分詞短語）（五）表語表語說明主語“是什么”或者“怎么樣”，由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、不定式及相當于名詞或形容詞或短語來擔任。它的位置在系動詞后面。如：Iamateacher.（名詞）Heisalwayshappy.（形容詞）Theyareontheplaygroundnow.（介詞短語）Itgetscold.（形容詞）系動詞Be動詞（am，is，are,was,were）表保持（keep,stay,remain）表改變（get，become，turn）感官動詞（feel，sound（聽起來），seem/look（看起來），taste，smell如：Itsoundsinteresting.（sound為系動詞，interesting為表語）Weshouldallremaincareful.Remain（為系動詞，careful為表語）練一練：挑出下列句中的表語。

=1\*GB3①The

old

man

was

feeling

very

tired.

②

Why

is

he

worried

about

Jim

③

The

leaves

have

turned

yellow.

④

Soon

They

all

became

interested

in

the

subject.

⑤

She

was

the

first

to

learn

about

it.（六）定語定語是用來修飾名詞或代詞的。形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語、不等式或相當于形容詞的詞或短語等。單個詞作定語時，通常放在它所修飾的名詞之前。如：Theblackbikeismine.（形容詞）What’syourname（代詞）Theymakepaperflowers.（名詞）練一練：挑出下列句中的定語。

①

They

use

Mr,

Mrs

with

the

family

name.

②

What

is

your

given

name

③

On

the

third

lap

are

Class

1

and

Class

3.

④

I

am

afraid

some

people

forgot

to

sweep

the

floor.

⑤

The

man

downstairs

was

trying

to

sleep.

⑥

I

am

waiting

for

the

sound

of

the

other

shoe!

說明1：當定語修飾不定代詞：nothing,anything,everything,something等時，定語在不定代詞后面。如：Itellhimsomethinginteresting.（形容詞interesting作不定代詞something的后置定語）Hehassomethingtodo.（todo為不定式作后置定語）說明2：短語或從句作定語時，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。如：TheboysintheroomareinClassFour.（intheroom是介詞短語作theboys的后置定語。）（七）狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時間、地點、目的、方式、程度等意義，一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式或相當于副詞的詞或短語來表示。狀語一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。如：Hediditcarefully.（副詞）HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.（介詞短語）WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.（從句作時間狀語）Hesitsthere.（副詞地點狀語）練一練：挑出下列句中的狀語。

①

There

was

a

big

smile

on

her

face.

②

Every

night

he

heard

the

noise

upstairs.

③

He

began

to

learn

English

when

he

was

eleven.

④

The

man

on

the

motorbike

was

traveling

too

fast.

綜合練習寫出劃線部分的句子成分。

1.

Lily

is

cleaning

the

desk

now.

2.

Her

garden

is

the

best

in

our

town.

3.

Liu

Ming

is

thirteen

years

old.

4.