Grammar-過去分詞作定語和表語

DiscoveringUsefulStructuresUnit1UsedastheAttribute

andPredicativePastparticiple(1)1.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeopledied.2.HefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.3.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeople.attributeattributepredicativeWhatisthepastparticipleusedfor?apieceofbrokenglassboiledwaterausedstampaburiedboxofcoinsadamagedcomputerworn-outshoes一片碎玻璃開水一枚用過的郵票一箱埋起來的硬幣穿破的鞋子一臺損壞了的計算機過去分詞作定語Translatethefollowingphrases.Completethetablewithphrasesthathavethesamemeaning.terrifiedpeoplereservedseatspollutedwateracrowdedroomapleasedwinnerpeopleterrifiedof(cholera)seatsreservedfor…waterpollutedby…aroomcrowdedof…awinnerpleasedat…childrenastonishedat/by…avasebrokenby…adoorclosedby…theaudiencetiredby…ananimaltrappedin/by…astonishedchildrenacloseddoor

thetiredaudience

atrappedanimal

abrokenvase

一、過去分詞作定語1、單個的過去分詞作定語時一般兼有被動和完成的意義，常作前置定語。

alostanimal一只迷路的動物

ausedstamp一枚用過的郵票

aninjuredfinger一個受傷的手指

abrokencoin一枚破損的硬幣

alightedcandle一支點燃的蠟燭注意：過去分詞作定語時，有時只有被動意義。

spokenEnglish英語口語

writtenexercises書面練習(xí)

少數(shù)表示位移或狀態(tài)改變的不及物動詞的過去分詞只有完成的意義

fallenleaves落葉therisensun升起來的太陽theadvancedcountries發(fā)達國家adrunkenman一個醉鬼areturnedstudent一名歸國留學(xué)生aretiredteacher一名退休教師anescapedprisoner一名逃跑的囚犯by-gonedays過去的歲月2、過去分詞作后置定語，表示被動和／或完成意義。

HowIregrettedthehourswastedinthewoods!Ilikewearingclothesmadeofthiskindofcloth．ThebookswrittenbyLuXunarepopular．We’llgotovisitthebridgebuilthundredsofyearsago．ChangethefollowingPastParticipleintoclauses.1)Hetoldusofthegreatwrongdonetohim.=Hetoldusofthegreatwrong____________________tohim.whichhadbeendone

注:本句中的過去分詞作定語，既表被動又表完成。2）TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.=TheUnitedStatedisacountry

______________________.whichhasdeveloped注:本句中的過去分詞作定語，只表示完成。3）Haveyounoticedthebridgebeingbuiltthere?=Haveyounoticedthebridge___________________there?whichisbeingbuilt注：本句中的過去分詞作定語，表示被動的動作正在進行。Idon'tknowthegirl_____inthesnowstorm.A.tocatchB.caughtC.catchingD.tobecatching解析：小女孩是“被困”在暴風(fēng)雪中，所以空白處應(yīng)填過去分詞作后置定語。2.Thegirl_____downbyacarwasdying.

A.knockB.knockingC.knockedD.toknock解析：小女孩是“被”小汽車“撞倒”的，所以空白處應(yīng)填過去分詞，作后置定語。BC[典型例題]Aftercompletingandsigningit,pleasereturntheformtousintheenvelope_____.

A.providingB.providedC.havingprovidedD.provide解析:動詞provide與其邏輯主語envelop是被動關(guān)系，在句中作定語，相當(dāng)于whichisprovided。題意為：“表格填完之后，請將其放入為您提供的信封中，返還給我們”。B[高考真題]2.“It’ssuchaniceplace.”Mothersaidasshesatatthetable_____forcustomers.A.tobereservedB.havingreservedC.reservingD.reserved解析：reserve和謂語動詞sat之間沒有連詞，且和其邏輯主語thetable邏輯上構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動、完成的概念，在句子中做后置定語。tablereservedforcustomers意為：預(yù)定給顧客的桌子。D3.AmieSalmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse______toguardher.A.toappointB.appointingC.appointedD.havingappointed4.Theproducercomesregularlytocollectthecameras_______toourshopforqualityproblems.A.returningB.returnedC.toreturnD.tobereturnedCB5.Theplayers______fromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.A.selectingB.toselectC.selectedD.havingselected解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“____fromthewholecountry”是分詞短語作后置定語修飾theplayers，再結(jié)合語境可知此處表示“被挑選出來的”，故用過去分詞短語作后置定語，故答案為C。C6.TsinghuaUniversity,_____in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.A.foundB.foundingC.foundedD.tobefounded解析：句中的主語TsinghuaUniversity與found構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，可選C、D；再根據(jù)時間1911年可知found動作已經(jīng)完成，故用過去分詞。此句中過去分詞短語作后置定語。本句的意思是：成立于1911年的清華大學(xué)，是許多卓越人物的家園。A7.Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoney

inthelibrary.A.discoveredB.tobediscoveredC.discoveringD.havingdiscovered 解析：該空在句中作后置定語，修飾themoney，根據(jù)themoney與discover的被動關(guān)系，排除C、D兩項。B項表示的是“將要被發(fā)現(xiàn)”的意思，根據(jù)句意“到目前為止還沒有人來認領(lǐng)在圖書館被發(fā)現(xiàn)的錢”可判斷選A項。A8.Agreatnumberofstudents_____saidtheywereforcedtopractisethepiano.A.toquestionB.tobequestionedC.questionedD.questioning解析：question與students存在被動關(guān)系，question表示的動作也已完成，故用過去分詞。C9.Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps______fromthelibrary.A.toborrowB.tobeborrowedC.borrowedD.borrowing解析：根據(jù)選項此題考察非謂語動詞，題干中空格劃在名詞maps后，空格后部分是對maps解釋說明，因此此題考察非謂語動詞做定語。根據(jù)句意，borrow的動作已經(jīng)完成，因此選擇C。C10.Theisland,_____tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.A.joiningB.tojoinC.joinedD.havingjoined解析：join…to…表示“把……連接起來”，joined在句中是過去分詞作定語，相當(dāng)于定語從句whichisjoined…。C過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的區(qū)別區(qū)別主要表現(xiàn)在語態(tài)和時間關(guān)系上首先，在語態(tài)上不同：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動的意思，而過去分詞多表示被動的意思。請比較：

surprisingnews使人吃驚的消息

surprisedlisteners吃驚的聽眾值得注意的是，有一些過去分詞由不及物動詞變來，它們只表示一個動作已完成，沒有被動的意味。例如：fallenleaves落葉其次，時間關(guān)系上不同：一般來說，現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動作往往正在進行，而過去分詞所表示的動作往往已經(jīng)完成。請比較：

thechangingworld

正在發(fā)生變化的世界

thechangedworld

已經(jīng)變化了的世界Therewasaterriblenoise_____thesuddenburstoflight.A.followed

B.following

C.tobefollowed

D.beingfollowed答案B。由于聲音在閃電后，因此為聲跟隨著光，聲音為跟隨的發(fā)出者，為主動。用現(xiàn)在分詞。_____someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.A.Followed

B.Followedby

C.Beingfollowed

D.Havingbeenfollowed答案B。Napoleon與follow之間有被動的含義。beingfollowed除表達被動之外，還有動作正在進行之意。followedby(被…跟隨)。本題可改為：Withsome

officialsfollowing,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.Readthesentences,payingattentiontothepastparticiple.Theglassisbroken.

Ourclassroomiscrowded.

Thegroundiscoveredwithsnow.

IfoundthatIwaslost.

Thosedaysaregone.

Heisdeaddrunk.

二、過去分詞作表語1、過去分詞作表語，表示主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài)，其前的系動詞有包括be在內(nèi)的多種形式。

Everyonepresentisveryinspiredathisspeech．聽了他的發(fā)言，在場的所有人都很振奮。

Youseemfrightened.

你似乎受了驚嚇。2、過去分詞作表語，構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別：過去分詞作表語，強調(diào)主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài)；而被動語態(tài)中，主語是動詞所表示動作的承受者。

Thisshopisnowclosed．這家商店現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)關(guān)門了。(狀態(tài))Thisshopisclosedat6p.m.everyday．這家商店每天6點關(guān)門。(動作）

3、現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，表示的動作與句子的主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；而過去分詞作表語，其動作與句子的主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。如：Thenewswasexcitingandwewereallexcited.＝Thenewswasexcitinganditexcitedusall.Weweresurprisedatwhathesaidatthemeeting.＝Whathesaidatthemeetingsurprisedus.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain_______astheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating解析：remainseated為系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示狀態(tài)。[典型例題]CInApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremained_____abroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.A.sticking B.stuck C.tobestuck D.tohavestuck解析：remain是高考的重點詞匯。當(dāng)它做系動詞時，后面接過去分詞作表語。B[高考真題]2._____inthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.A.Beingraised B.Raising C.Raised D.Toraise3.______inpainting,Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.

A.Toabsorb B.TobeabsorbedC.Absorbed D.AbsorbingCC4.AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot______frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed解析：此題中的got+separated表示狀態(tài)，separated為過去分詞作表語。get/beseparated常與from連用，故答案為A。A一、單項填空。Theconcert_______attheBeijing

Workers’Stadiumwasabigsuccess.A.heldB.holding

C.holdD.tohold2.Walkingoutoftheofficewitha______

smileonherface,sheturnedtosaygoodbyetoherteacher.A.forcingB.forced

C.beingforcedD.havingforcedAB4.Heaskedhisstudentstoremain_____

untilallthepapershadbeenhandedin.A.toseatB.tobeseatedC.seatingD.seated4.Therewasnothing______inthefridge,sohehadtogooutfordinner.A.toleaveB.leaving

C.leftD.tobeleft5.Thestudentswereall_____whentheyheardthe_______news.A.inspired;inspiringB.inspired;inspiredC.inspiring;inspired

D.inspiring;inspiringADC6.Whenhegotback,hefoundthathis

breadhadgotten_______.A.toburnB.burnt

C.burningD.tobeburnt7.ThepolicesaidonThursdaythattheyhada______personofthemurder,whichcouldbeagreathelptothem.A.fearedB.doubtedC.questionedD.suspectedBD二、用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Fortunately,the__________(infect)peopleweresenttohospitalimmediately.2.Theprimarypurposeistomake

achievementsinbiologicalresearch

_________(know)tothepublic.3.“Toseeis___________(believe)!”Icouldn’thelptellingmyself.infected

known

to

believe4.Johntoldmethatthe__________(excite)planwastheoneputforwardbyMr.Zhangatyesterday’smeeting.5.Whenhecameback,hefoundhissonpretendedto___________(work).6.Themuseumonce________(build)forexhibitingfamouscarshasbeenpulleddown.excitingbeworkingbuilt

三、翻譯題。1.丟了錢他自責(zé)不已。He______________aboutlosingthem