Lecture3-時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)氣

CollegeEnglishGrammarLecturer:LiuJing

Lecture3Tense，Voice&Mood

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣Warming–upExercises1.Theteachertoldthemsincelight(travel)fasterthansound,lightning

(appear)togobeforethunder.(80-PGE)Tips:travels,appears

客觀規(guī)律或普遍真理即使在主句的謂語(yǔ)為過(guò)去時(shí)的情況下，仍然使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。travelsappearsWarming–upExercises2.Thearticlesuggeststhatwhenaperson_____(be)underunusualstressheshouldbeespeciallycarefullytohaveawell-balanceddiet.(02-1CET-4)

Tips:is

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。isWarming–upExercises3.Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butI_____(be)fullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.(97-PGE)Tips:was虛擬語(yǔ)氣的使用可能造成選項(xiàng)的復(fù)雜性，一般過(guò)去時(shí)通常與表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)連用，通常有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。was4.Whilepeoplemayrefertotelevisionforup-to-minutenews,itisunlikelythattelevision(replace)thenewspapercompletely.(95-6,CET-4)Tips:willreplace

一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Warming–upExerciseswillreplace5.“SenatorMitchellhasjustarrived.”“Really?Ididn'tthinkhe_____untilnextweek.”(托福)A.iscomingB.hascomeC.wascomingD.hadcomeTips:

C:

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，也表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，通常用于come,go,leave,depart,start等表示移動(dòng)的詞。正如現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作一樣。Warming–upExercises√O(píng)bjectivesTensesVoicesActivevoice&PassivevoiceMood陳述語(yǔ)氣theIndicativeMood祈使語(yǔ)氣theImperativeMood虛擬語(yǔ)氣theSubjunctiveMoodTense&ActiveVoice

TimeStatePresentPastFuturePast

FutureSimplePerfect

PerfectProgressiveProgressive

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)

過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)將來(lái)完成時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

Time

StatePresent

PastFuture

Past

Future

Simpleis,am,are/do/doeswas/were/didwill/shalldowoulddoProgressiveis/am/aredoingwas/weredoingwill/shallbedoing;bedoingto

wouldbedoingPerfecthave/hasdonehaddone

will/shallhavedonewould/shouldhavedone

Perfectprogressive

have/hasbeendoinghadbeendoing

will/shallhavebeendoingwould/shouldhavebeendoingTense&ActiveVoice

PassiveVoice

Time

StatePresent

PastFuture

Past

Future

Simpleis/am/aredonewas/were/donewill/shall/bedonewouldbedoneProgressiveis/am/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone

Perfecthave/hasbeendonehadbeendone

will/shallhavebeendonewould/shouldhavebeendone

PerfectprogressiveMajorTenses一般過(guò)去時(shí)(was/were/did)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/weredoing)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(havedone)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(havebeendoing)過(guò)去完成時(shí)(haddone)一般將來(lái)時(shí)(willdo)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)(willbedoing)將來(lái)完成時(shí)(willhavedone)將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(willhavebeendoing)

一般過(guò)去時(shí)1.表示過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間或某一段時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況：

TheforeignguestsvisitedNanjinglastspring.(指明的過(guò)去時(shí)間

Mygrandfatherneversmoked.(不指明過(guò)去時(shí)間）2.表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作：WhenshewasinWuhan,sheoftenwenttoCash&Carry.Whereverhetravelledinthoseyears,hewrotedownwhathesawandheard.

一般過(guò)去時(shí)3.在表示時(shí)間或條件的狀語(yǔ)從句中代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：

Wewouldnotleaveuntilshecameback.Shetoldmethatshewouldnotgowithusifitrained

thenextday.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作：WhilewewerewatchingTV,shewastalkingonthephone.Weweretalkingaboutyourlatelyfictionthismorning.2.不與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用可以表示逐漸變化或發(fā)展：Itwasgettingdark.Hewasstilllostintheforest.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)3.用在條件或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中表示過(guò)去將來(lái)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：Shetoldmetowakehimupifhewassleeping.

表示按計(jì)劃安排過(guò)去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(相當(dāng)于過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)）：TheywereleavingforNewYorkafewdayslater.5.與forever,continually,always,constantly等連用表示某種感情色彩：

Shewasalwayschanginghermind.(表示不滿)TheEnglishteacherwasconstantlypraisingher.（表示羨慕）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示過(guò)去反復(fù)做的動(dòng)作，一般過(guò)去時(shí)則表示一次性動(dòng)作：

Thefrogwasjumpingupanddown.(青蛙不斷的跳著）

Thefrogjumpedupanddown.（青蛙跳了一下）7.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示即將完成：

Theoldmanwasdying.(垂死)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，著眼點(diǎn)在現(xiàn)在：

Ihaven’tseenmuchofherlately.IhaveheardJohnsaysomethingagainstyouonseveraloccasions.

Tips:

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與不確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：yet,just,before,recently,once,lately;也與頻度副詞連用：often,ever,never,sometimes,onseveraloccasions,亦包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的狀語(yǔ)連用：now,today,thismorning,thisyear等。

2.表示一個(gè)從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用：

sofar,uptonow,since,foralongtime,forthepastfewyears/weeks/days等。e.g.Hehasworkedhereforovertwentyyears.Uptillnow,wehavereceivednonewsfromher.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)3.某些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（動(dòng)作一開(kāi)始便結(jié)束）在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用：come,go,begin,start,become,arrive,get,reach,leave,join,end,die,find,lose,fall,jump,knock等。e.g.Harryhasgotmarried

(forsixyears).(Harryhasbeenmarriedforsixyears.)Thecityhaschangedgreatlysince1990.What’shappenedsincelastSunday?(有些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以與since連用，表示重復(fù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。）4.在after,assoonas,if,till,when等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來(lái)完成時(shí)：

Let’sgooutassoonastherainhasstopped.IshallgotoseeyouwhenIhavefinishedmyassignment.Thereisonemorequestion,whenIhavedone.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)5.It/Thisis/willbethefirst/last/secondtimethat…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句要求使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：

ThisisthefirsttimethatI’vebeentoBeijing.Itisthesecondtimewehavemeteachother.It/Thisisthebest/worst/mostinteresting+名詞+that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句要求使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：

Thisisthemostinterestingnovel(that)hehaseverwritten.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1.表示一個(gè)從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始發(fā)生一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作：

Ihavebeenwaitingforanhourbutshestillhasn’tcome.Sinceshelefthome,Ihaven’tbeensleepingatallwell.2.表示動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束：

I’vejustbeenwavinggood-byetoher.Heisdeaddrunk.Hehasbeendrinkingwithhisfriends.3.表示某種感情色彩：

Youhavebeencheatingme.(angry)Hehasbeengivingmeeverything.(appreciative)4.表示一個(gè)過(guò)去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或造成的結(jié)果（相當(dāng)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）：

Ihavebeentellinghimtostudyharder.(Heshouldpasstheexam,buthefailed.)Hehasbeendoingtoomuchwork.(Now,heistiredout.)5.表示重復(fù)（斷斷續(xù)續(xù)）

We’vebeendiscussingtheproblemseveraltimesthisyear.I’vebeenbiddinggood-byetosomefriendstoday.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的比較

區(qū)分1：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是某個(gè)剛剛完成的動(dòng)作，或某個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性。

Ihavethoughtitover.我已經(jīng)考慮過(guò)這件事了。

Ihavebeenthinkingitover.我一直在考慮這件事。

Herfatherhastaughtmathsfortenyears.(到目前為止教了10年,是否繼續(xù)教不得而知。）

Herfatherhasbeenteachingmathsfortenyears.(并將延續(xù)下去）

區(qū)分

2：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示重復(fù)性動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般不表示重復(fù)。

Haveyoubeenmeetinghimrecently

?

(經(jīng)常約會(huì)嗎）

Haveyoumethimrecently?

（見(jiàn)過(guò)他嗎）區(qū)分3：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則平鋪直敘。

Whathaveyoubeendoing?

(表示驚訝或批評(píng))

Whathaveyoudone?

（提出問(wèn)題讓對(duì)方回答）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的比較過(guò)去完成時(shí)1.表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)動(dòng)作或某個(gè)具體時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生、完成的動(dòng)作或情況。

Thetrainhadleftwhenwearrivedatthestation.TheyhadgoteverythingreadybeforeIcame.Bytheendoflastweekshehadwrittentwopapers.

過(guò)去完成時(shí)2.用于固定結(jié)構(gòu)表示“剛剛…就”:hardly,scarcely,barely,nosooner…thanShehadhardly(scarcely)gonetobedwhenthebellrang.

Nosoonerhadtheyleftthebuildingthanabombexploded.

3.intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)本來(lái)打算做而沒(méi)有做的事情。

Ihadintendedtoseeyouyesterdaybutsomeonecametoseeme.Wehadmeanttotellherthenewsbutshewasn’tathome.4.表示“過(guò)去的將來(lái)”某一時(shí)刻前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。

Shemadeuphermindtogoontryinguntilshehadsucceeded.Theplanewouldtakeoffassoonasithadstoppedraining.將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)(shall/willdo/be)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)：

Hewillgraduatefromthecollegenextyear.WeshallparticipateintheCET-band4thissemester.begoingtodo

結(jié)構(gòu)：表示決定、打算要做某事，或有跡象表明即將發(fā)生、可能出現(xiàn)什么情況：

Lookatthecloud!Itisgoingtorain.

Thereisgoingtobeameetingtomorrowafternoon.

比較begoingtodo與willdo:Will強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀愿望，時(shí)間上沒(méi)有限制；begoingto強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀，通常顯示跡象，因此很快就會(huì)發(fā)生：

Hewillgetbetter.(希望或認(rèn)為會(huì)好起來(lái)，但不是馬上。）

Heisgoingtogetbetter.(他的病就要好了，有恢復(fù)的跡象。）begoingto強(qiáng)調(diào)事先考慮，will則沒(méi)有：

Whydidyoutearthepaperintopieces?I’mgoingtorewriteit.Itisreallyabigstone.I’llhelpyoutomoveit.begoingto

可以用在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái),而will

不能.Ifyouaregoingtoattendthemeeting,you’dbetterleavenow.be+不定式表示計(jì)劃、安排，或征求意見(jiàn)：

AmItotakeoverhiswork?我是否要接管他的工作?

ThehighwayistobeopenedinMay.Thereistobeamoontonight.(錯(cuò)！有無(wú)月亮非人力所能為。）

Thereisgoingtobeamoontonight.

（對(duì)！）beabouttodo

表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，不能與表示未來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用：Thetalkisabouttobegin.Thetalkisabouttobeginsoon.(錯(cuò)！)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)：某些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示按計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生的事，如：come,go,leave,start,arrive,stop,end,begin,return,move等。

WeareleavingforShanghaitomorrowafternoon.Whereareyougoing?I’mgoingtoschool.

將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)

shall/willbedoing

1.

表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的或持續(xù)的動(dòng)作

Whatwillyoubedoingthistimetomorrow?

I’llbetakingmyholidaysoon.2.

用來(lái)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)，表示一種事先安排和計(jì)劃；用來(lái)詢問(wèn)比一般將來(lái)時(shí)更顯禮貌。

Theministerwillbegivingalectureoncurrentaffairs.Whenshallwebemeetingagain?

Willyoubecomingtothedancingparty?將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)

shall/willbedoing

3.

表示某種推測(cè)，有“我料想，我估計(jì)”的含義。

Shewillbetellingyouaboutittonight.Youwillbemakingamistake.

4.

表示將來(lái)動(dòng)作的情景，使語(yǔ)言生動(dòng)、形象，富于感情色彩。

Weshallbethinkingofyouduringthedaysyouareaway.Itwillbesnowinghardbeforewegetthere.將來(lái)完成時(shí)will/shallhavedone表示將來(lái)某時(shí)之前或某動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作

IshallhavefinisheditbynextFriday.Theywillhavebeengraduatedbefore2008.Shewillhavewrittenittomorrowatnoon.

表示一個(gè)持續(xù)到將來(lái)某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前的動(dòng)作

BynextMonday,shewillhavestudiedhereforthreeyears.Theconcertwillbeginathalfpasteight.Theywillhaveplayedhalfanhourwhenyouarrive.

將來(lái)完成時(shí)will/shallhavedone表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)可能已完成動(dòng)作的推測(cè)

Shewillhavearrivedbynow.Itisseven.Hewillhavegotup.Heisasomebodynow.Hewillhaveforgottenhisoldfriends.

將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

(shall/willhavebeendoing)

Bythetimethesunsets,theywillhavebeenworkingonthefarmforsixhours.Itwillhavebeensnowingforawholeweekifitsnowsagaintomorrow.表示將來(lái)某時(shí)、某事之前已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，一直延續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)間，常與表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。

英語(yǔ)的從句（尤其是賓語(yǔ)從句）中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)常常受到主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的影響和制約，這種現(xiàn)象稱為“時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)”，基本原則如下：如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)，從句可以根據(jù)需要選用時(shí)態(tài)。Iknowwhois(was,willbe,hasbeen)inchargeofthework.Iwilltellyouhowtheygot(aregoingtoget)theinformation.時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)

英語(yǔ)的從句（尤其是賓語(yǔ)從句）中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)常常受到主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的影響和制約，這種現(xiàn)象稱為“時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)”，基本原則如下：如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句要用過(guò)去有關(guān)時(shí)態(tài)。Ididn'tknowwherehewas.Ithoughthewastakingabaththen.TheforeignerstoldmetheyhadlearntalotduringtheirstayinChina.ShepromisedthatshewouldgivemewhateverhelpIneeded.如果從句表示的是客觀事實(shí)、真理或一個(gè)人物的經(jīng)常性特點(diǎn)或習(xí)慣，其時(shí)態(tài)通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，不受主句時(shí)態(tài)影響。Theteachertoldthechildrenthatthesunisthecenterofthesolarsystem.Mothertoldmethathonestyisthebestpolicy.

Shesaidshegoestoworkatseveneverymorning.(習(xí)慣，至今未變）

Shesaidshewenttoworkatseveneverymorning.(過(guò)去的習(xí)慣）為了表達(dá)的需要,時(shí)態(tài)有時(shí)不需要呼應(yīng)1.Shetoldmethatherfatherisstilloperatingonthepatient.2.ThismorningImetamanwhoisflyingakiteoverthere.3.Sheusedtogodowntownbybike,butnowsheseldomdoes.4.AmericansoldierscanandhavebeatenGermansoldiersinthebattle.5.Iwas,

havealwaysbeen,andwillforeverbeyourdevotedfriend.Voice（語(yǔ)態(tài)）

ActiveVoice&PassiveVoice被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的先決條件

1.判斷并寫(xiě)出下列句子的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

HeisanEnglishteacher.Shewasdeadforalongtime.Thelittleboylookslikeashygirl.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.Voice（語(yǔ)態(tài)）

ActiveVoice&PassiveVoice被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的先決條件

1.判斷并寫(xiě)出下列句子的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Ayoungmanrobbedherofherwallet.

Shewasrobbedofherwallet./Herwalletwasrobbedbyayoungman.Peoplelookupmuchtoherforherkindness.Shewasmuchlookeduptoforherkindness.動(dòng)作句(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為行為動(dòng)詞)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為及物動(dòng)詞(不及物動(dòng)詞加介詞)

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用情形:

1.不清楚或沒(méi)必要說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者:Suchbooksarewrittenforchildren.Whenwilltheroadbeopenedtotraffic?2.動(dòng)作的承受者是談話的中心:Thestoreisrunbythetradeunion.ThesongwascomposedbyMozart.3.出于禮貌措辭圓通等方面的考慮不愿說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者:Youarerequestedtogiveaperformance.YouarecordiallyinvitedtoapartytobegivenattheTeachers’Clubat3p.m.Nov.23.(謹(jǐn)訂于11月23日下午3時(shí)在教師俱樂(lè)部舉行晚會(huì),敬請(qǐng)光臨.)

4.更好的安排句子結(jié)構(gòu):Heappearedonthestageandwaswarmlyapplaudedbytheaudience.(這樣安排只需一個(gè)主語(yǔ)就夠了.)TheplanwasespeciallysupportedbythosewhowishedtohavemorechancetospeakEnglish.(如果用those作主語(yǔ),主謂之間的距離太遠(yuǎn).)特殊被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)

1.

帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)

Inthissense,badthingscanbeturnedintogoodthings.Heshouldbecriticizedforhiscarelessness.Thatquestionneedn’tbebroughtin.

Shouldanarticlebeusedhere?特殊被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)

2.帶不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)

Thewholeplanhastoberevised.Allthesefactorsoughttobetakenintoconsideration.Theprojectis(going)tobecompletedinJune.Ifyoudothis,youaresuretobepunished.

Shewasmade/seentoworkovertime.(make/seesb.dosth.)3.祈使句被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

Letusdoitatonce.(Letitbedoneatonce.)Doonethingatatime.(Letonethingbedoneatatime.)Don’ttrusther.(Don’tletherbetrusted.)

4.疑問(wèn)句的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

Whoinventedthemachine?(Bywhomwasthemachineinvented?)

Whathaveyoudonetoimprovethequality?(Whathasbeendonebyyoutoimprovethequality?)Johnbrokethevase,didn'the?(ThevasewasbrokenbyJohn,wasn’tit?)3.使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)注意要點(diǎn):1)不及物動(dòng)詞:appear,rise,die,happen,occur,lie,depart,belongto,breakout,takeplace等不能用被動(dòng).

Acaraccidentwashappenedyesterday.(×)

2)表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞:have,lack,fit,mean,hold,resemble,cost,equal,contain,suit,become,last,possess,benefit,fail,consistof,looklike等不能用于被動(dòng).Janeresembleshermother.Thechildrenhadamostenjoyableholiday.3.使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)注意要點(diǎn):3)主動(dòng)表被動(dòng):

Themeatiscooking/baking/frying.(進(jìn)行時(shí)表被動(dòng))Theapplesmells/tastessweet.（感官動(dòng)詞）

Thistypeofrecordersellswell.Thiskindofshirtwashesverywell.(及物動(dòng)詞加副詞)Thebookisworthreading.（動(dòng)名詞）

Thecarneedsrepairing.Sheiseasytoapproach./Heishardtoplease.(不定式)

4.雙重被動(dòng)句:

句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和其后的不定式均為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，句子主語(yǔ)既是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的承受者，又是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者。

1）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+不定式+賓語(yǔ)

Sheofferedtobuyarecorderforme.Arecorderwasofferedtobeboughtforme.4.雙重被動(dòng)句:

句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和其后的不定式均為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，句子主語(yǔ)既是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的承受者，又是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者。

2)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+that從句

Ithinkshehasreadthebook.

Sheisthoughtbymetohavereadthebook.Thebookisthoughtbymetohavebeenreadbyher.

3)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式被動(dòng)式

Iwanttheflowerstobewateredthisafternoon.

Theflowersarewantedtobewateredthisafternoon.Mood（語(yǔ)氣）語(yǔ)氣是表示講話人對(duì)說(shuō)話內(nèi)容的看法，在動(dòng)詞上會(huì)呈現(xiàn)不同的形式：陳述語(yǔ)氣（theIndicativeMood)、祈使語(yǔ)氣（theImperativeMood)、虛擬語(yǔ)氣（theSubjunctiveMood)陳述語(yǔ)氣:客觀表達(dá)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)

Flowersblossominspring.Theyellowleavesarefallingintheautumnwind.Themoonispeeping