最常用地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)專業(yè)英語詞匯

最用礦專語匯地質(zhì)礦英語常用詞：巖石型（rocktype）petrology巖石學[pi:'trldi]igneous火成['iɡnis]magmatic巖漿巖['m?gmtik]lava（vocanicrock）火山巖,'l?v]intrusive（invade侵入巖[in'tru:siv]effusive噴出巖[i'fju:siv]plutonic深成巖[plu:'tpypabyssal淺成巖acid酸性巖

['?sid]intermediate中性巖

t,basic基性巖

ultrabasic超基性

[,ltrgranite花崗porphyry斑巖

['['p?porphyrite玢巖

['p?rhyolitesyenite

流紋巖正長巖trachyte

粗面巖dioriteandesite

閃長巖安山巖gabbrobasalt

['ɡ['b?s?:lt]

輝長巖玄武巖aplite

細晶巖pegmatite

ɡ

偉晶巖lamprophyre

['l?mpr]

煌斑巖diabase

輝綠巖dunitepumice

['d?['p?mis]

橄欖巖浮巖sedimentary

ri]

沉積巖clastic

['kl?stik]

碎屑巖clay

黏土巖chemical

化學巖biolith

['baiuliθ]

生物巖conglomerate巖

n'ɡl?mrt,kɡl?

礫siltstonemudstone

['m?dst

粉砂巖泥巖shale

[

頁巖saline

巖鹽limestone

un]

石灰?guī)rdolomite

['d?

白云巖marl

ɑ:l]

泥灰?guī)rvolcanic

[v?['breti]

火山角巖volcanicagglomerate山塊集

['ɡl?mrt,'?

火tuff

[t?f]

凝灰?guī)rmetamorphic

'm?:fik]

變質(zhì)巖slate

板巖phyllite千枚巖schist片巖gneiss

片麻巖quartzite

石英巖marble

['mɑ

大理巖mylonite

糜棱巖migmatite

ɡ

混合巖cataclasite碎裂sediment（deposit）

沉積物沉積層boulder

uld]

漂石、石cobble

['k?

卵石gravel

['ɡl]

礫石sand

砂siltclay

粉土粘土sandy砂質(zhì)粘土clayey粘質(zhì)土sandy

[l

壤土、黏土regolith（topsoil）

ɡθ]

浮土（土）loess

黃土laterite

['l?t

紅土peatooze

泥炭軟泥（泥）地質(zhì)礦英語常用詞：巖礦理性質(zhì)（physicalcharacterof）非晶質(zhì)磨非晶質(zhì)磨圓度hardness

['hɑ

硬度luster

['l?]

光澤color

?]

顏色transparencypellucidity

[tr?ns'p?r-'pε-,trɑ:n-]

透明度streak

條痕rent（fracture

斷口crystal

l]

晶形classification

?

分類structure

['str??]

構造texture

['tekst]

結構fabric

組成mineralcomposition

??

礦物組crystalline

結晶質(zhì)amorphoussubstance

['m:fs]['s?fossil

['f?l]

化石degreerounding

?]degreegrains

[

粒度地質(zhì)礦英語常用詞：工程質(zhì)（engineering）geotechnics（geotechnique）土工學、工技術巖石工程巖石力土力學geomechanics地質(zhì)力學（巖石學）engineeringgeologicalconditions工程地質(zhì)條件engineeringgeologicalproblems工程質(zhì)問題rockstructure巖體結構geographicgeomorphicconditions地形貌條件geophysicalphenomenon物理地質(zhì)現(xiàn)象hydrogeologicalconditions水文地條件naturalmaterials天然材料reservoir水庫settlement沉降displacement位移deformation變形tectonic構造應力residual殘余應力angleinternalfriction內(nèi)摩擦角cohesion內(nèi)聚力（凝力、粘力）pressure壓力隧洞undergroundcavern/cavity地下洞室overburden覆蓋物bed（basefoundation）基巖firm）硬weak（soft）軟interbed夾層zone（brokenzones）破碎帶homogeneity均質(zhì)nonhomogeneity（heterogeneity）非均質(zhì)性isotropy各向同性anisotropy各向異地質(zhì)礦英語常用詞：地質(zhì)造（structurefault

[f

斷層normal

['n?l]

正斷層reversed

逆斷層paralled平移斷層gougestria

[aud?]

斷層泥擦痕joint

[d?

節(jié)理primary

['praim

原生節(jié)secondary

?nd

次生節(jié)tension

['ten??n]

張節(jié)理unloading

[,?udi

卸荷節(jié)schistosity

[?

片理bedding

['bedi

層理foliation板理（葉）ripple

波痕mud

?[kr?k]

泥痕rain雨痕orientationofbedrock

[,??u-]

巖層產(chǎn)strike

走向dip

傾向angledipangle）傾角fold

[f

褶皺anticline

背斜syncline

['si

向斜monocline（homocline

['m?n?uklain]

單斜dome

穹隆soft軟弱巖層zone（broken）破碎affected影響帶platystructure板狀構造cleavage

?

解理fracture（rupture）

['fr?kt?]

斷裂fissure（crackfracture

['fi?]

裂隙地質(zhì)礦英語常用詞：地質(zhì)代（geochronologygeologic）Archaeozoicera太古代界）Proterozoicera元古代界）Palaeozoicera（erathem，古生（界）Mesozoic（erathem，生代（）Cenozoic（erathem，生代（）Sinian（system震旦紀系）Cambrian寒武紀（系Ordovician奧