Unit4 transportation and distribution物流專業(yè)英語 配送

Unit4TransportationandDistributionText1TransportationModeDialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditionsText2DistributionManagementDialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipmentText1TransportationMode【Para1】Whatistransportation（什么是運輸？）

Everyfirmrequiresthemovementofgoodsfromthepointtoanotherpoint.Transportationreferstothephysicalmovementofgoodsfromapointoforigintoapointofconsumption.Itcaninvolverawmaterialsbeingbroughtintotheproductionprocessorfinishedgoodsbeingshippedtothecustomer.Transportationisoneofthemostsignificantareasoflogisticsmanagement.Railway,road,waterway,air,andpipelinetransportationmakeupthemajormodesoftransportinmodernsociety.Eachmodehasitsownrequirementsandfeatures.Inthefollowingparagraphswelookatsomeofthedifferentcharacteristicsofeachtransportmode.Text1TransportationMode【Para2】RailwayTransportation（鐵路運輸）

Railofferscost-effectivetransportoflargequantitiesofcargosoverlongdistance.Itisespeciallygoodforcargoeswithhighvolumeandlowvalue,suchascoal,timberandgrain.Overthepastyearsrailusagehasdeclinedasroadtransporthastakenovershorthaulbusinessandwatertransporthastakenbulkcommoditiesfreight.Railtransportisoneofthemostenergyefficientmodesoflandtransport.Environmentalandsafeconsiderationalsofavorrailoverroadtransport.Text1TransportationModeHowever,themajordisadvantagesofrailwayaretheinherentinflexibilityofoperation,fixedtimeschedulesandservicefromterminaltoterminal.Text1TransportationMode【Para3】RoadTransportation（公路運輸）

Roadtransportiswidelyusedininlanddeliveryofgoods.Thismodetendstobeusedforhigher-valueandlower-volumecargooverrelativelyshortdistance.Itiscapableofprovidingadoortodoorservice.Ithasnotanybreakinthejourneytochangefromonevehicletoanother.Soitcanbeflexibleenoughtoperform“just-in-time”delivery.Anyworkplaceinthecountrycanbeservicedbyroad.Text1TransportationModeTheadvantagesofroadtransportareflexibilityofbothlocationandtimeandspeedofdelivery.Withthedevelopmentofroadtransport,newtypesofproblem,suchasasignificantgrowthoffuelconsumption,airpollution,trafficcongestionandroadaccidentshaveemerged.Text1TransportationMode【Para4】WaterwayTransportation（水路運輸）

Waterwaytransportationincludesmaritimeandrivertransportation.Astheoldestmodeoftransport,waterwayhasdevelopedconsiderablyoverthelastdecades.Waterwayisutilizedforlargeloadsoflow-value-per-unitgoods.Thecarriersarespecializedforinternalriver,canaltransport,andinternationaldeep-seaships.Text1TransportationModeItisthecheapestmethodofmovinggoodsworldwide.Themainadvantageofshippingindustryliesinmovingthevastquantitiesofcargoinoneship.Themaindisadvantageisthespeedoftheshipwhichisveryslowly.Text1TransportationMode【Para5】AirTransportation（航空運輸）

Airtransporthasbeenincreasedtremendouslyandplaysamoreimportantroleingloballogisticsthaneverbefore.Airtransportaccountsforthesmallestproportionofcargotransportation.Itsgrowthrateinrecentyearsisthehighestamongthemodesoftransport.Itoffersrapidandflexibledelivery.Themajoradvantageofairfreightisthespeedoftravel.Thelongerthedistanceoftheflight,thegreaterthetimesavingofthecustomer.Airtransportisprimarilyusedfor:Text1TransportationModeEmergencytransportofthecriticalitemsSpeedytransportofhigh-value,low-weightproductsSpeedytransportofperishableitemsText1TransportationMode【Para6】PipelineTransportation（管道運輸）

Thebasicnatureofpipelineisuniqueincomparisontoallothermodesoftransport.Pipelinesoperateonatwenty-four-hourbasis,sevendaysperweek.Pipelineroutesarepracticallyunlimited.Pipelinesareusuallyusedtotransitnaturalgas,petroleumandcoal.Text1TransportationModeNewWordsandPhrasesmovementn.移動，運動originn.生產(chǎn)地，原產(chǎn)地consumptionn.消費significantadj.重大的，有意義的requirementn.需求，需要featuren.特點，特征characteristicn.特性，特征Text1TransportationModecoaln.煤timbern.木材grainn.糧食，谷物hauln.拖拉，運輸bulkadj.大批的，散裝的environmentaladj.環(huán)境的inflexibilityn.不變性schedulen.

時間表terminaln.終點站，終端Text1TransportationModevehiclen.車輛，交通工具pollutionn.污染congestionn.堵塞，阻塞emergev.顯現(xiàn)，形成maritimeadj.海運的，海上的canaln.運河tremendouslyadv.非常的，驚人的proportionn.部分，比例emergencyn.緊急情況，緊急事件Text1TransportationModeperishableadj.

新鮮的，易腐爛的petroleumn.

石油rawmaterial原材料productionprocess生產(chǎn)線finishedgoods成品cost-effective經(jīng)濟有效的doortodoorservice門到門運輸服務(wù)incomparisonto與…比較Text1TransportationModeNotes1．Transportationreferstothephysicalmovementofgoodsfromapointoforigintoapointofconsumption.Itcaninvolverawmaterialsbeingbroughtintotheproductionprocessorfinishedgoodsbeingshippedtothecustomer.

運輸是指從生產(chǎn)地到消費地的物理性移動。具體包括了原材料運到生產(chǎn)線以及產(chǎn)成品運到消費者。Text1TransportationMode2．Overthepastyearsrailusagehasdeclinedasroadtransporthastakenovershorthaulbusinessandwatertransporthastakenbulkcommoditiesfreight.

近些年來，隨著公路主要從事短途業(yè)務(wù)及水路主要從事大批量的散貨運輸，鐵路的業(yè)務(wù)量逐年呈下降趨勢。Text1TransportationMode3．Soitcanbeflexibleenoughtoperform“just-in-time”delivery.

所以公路運輸足夠靈活，完成準時制服務(wù)。4．Theadvantagesofroadtransportareflexibilityofbothlocationandtimeandspeedofdelivery.

公路運輸?shù)膬?yōu)勢是位置、時間和交貨速度上的靈活性。Text1TransportationMode5．Waterwayisutilizedforlargeloadsoflow-value-per-unitgoods.

水運主要適用于單位價值較低的大批量貨物。6．Thelongerthedistanceoftheflight,thegreaterthetimesavingofthecustomer.

飛行的距離越長，客戶節(jié)約的時間就越多。Text1TransportationMode7．Speedytransportofperishableitems

新鮮貨物的快速運輸8．Thebasicnatureofpipelineisuniqueincomparisontoallothermodesoftransport.

與其他運輸方式相比，管道運輸?shù)奶攸c獨特。Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditions(ThefollowingisaconversationbetweentheMr.Lin,theclerkinalogisticscompanyandAmy,acustomerofthecompany.)Amy：Iamgladwehavesettledthetermsofpayment,Mr.Lin.Whenistheearliestshipmentyoucanmake?Lin：Itusuallytakesustwomonthstodelivery,andforaspecialorder,ittakesalittlelonger,threemonths.Youknowweshouldgetthegoodsready,makeoutthedocumentsandbookshippingspace.Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditionsAmy：Whenistheexactshippingdate?Lin：WecanmakepromptshipmentbytheendofJune.Amy：IamafraidthedateofshipmentwouldbelateforusLin：Themanufacturersarefullycommitted.Theyhavenostockonhand.Amy：Butpromptshipmentisofgreatimportanceforus.Lin：Isee.Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditionsAmy：Afterthearrivaloftheshipment,theflowofthegoodsthroughthemarketingchanneltakesatleasttwoorthreeweeksbeforethegoodscanreachus.Lin：Well,Isee.Wewillcontactthefactoryandseeiftheycanmanagetoadvancedeliverybyamonth.Amy：Thatwillbeexcellent.Lin：Howaboutpartialshipment?Wecanshipwhateverisreadytomeetyoururgentneedinsteadofwaitingforthewholelottogetready.Iproposethatwecanmakedeliveryof50percentofgoodsinMarchandbalanceinearlyApril.Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditionsAmy：YourproposalisworkableLin：Anotherproblemistheshippingspace.Evenwehadthegoodsready,IdonotthinkwecouldshiptheminMarch.Amy：Iknowthereisagreatdemandonshippinglately.Lin：IwasinformedthatlinerspaceforChangChenghasbeenfullybookeduptotheendofMarch.Amy：Maybetrampsarestillavailable.Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditionsLin：Anyhowwewilltry.WewillaskChinaShippingCo.,Ltdtomeetourneeds.Amy：Incaseyoushouldfailtoeffectdeliverywithinthestipulatedtime,weshouldhavetodeclareaclaimagainstyouforthelossandreservetherighttocancelthecontract.Amy：Weknowthat.Iassureyoutheshipmentwillbeeffectedintime.Lin：Thankyouforyourcooperation.Amy：Notatall.Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditionsNewWordsandPhrasessettlev.安排，解決documentn.文件，單證promptadj.迅速的，立即的commitv.委托，從事balancen.余額，剩下的effectv.實現(xiàn)，履行Stipulatev.指定，規(guī)定，約定Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditionstrampn.不定期租船termsofpayment支付條款partialshipment分批裝運shippingspace艙位declareaclaim索賠Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditionsNotes1．Youknowweshouldgetthegoodsready,makeoutthedocumentsandbookshippingspace.

你知道，我們需要時間準備貨物，制作單證，預(yù)定艙位。Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditions2．Wewillcontactthefactoryandseeiftheycanmanagetoadvancedeliverybyamonth.

我們將聯(lián)系工廠，并看一下他們是否能提前一個月裝運。3．IwasinformedthatlinerspaceforChangChenghasbeenfullybookeduptotheendofMarch.

我接到通知“長城”號輪的班輪艙位在3月底前已被全部預(yù)定完畢。Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditions4．Incaseyoushouldfailtoeffectdeliverywithinthestipulatedtime,weshouldhavetodeclareaclaimagainstyouforthelossandreservetherighttocancelthecontract.

如果你們不能在規(guī)定的時間內(nèi)裝運，我們將針對損失提出索賠，并保留取消合同的權(quán)力。Dialogue1NegotiatingabouttheTransportationConditions

Tips：1．Whatwouldbeyourearliestdeliverydate?2．Ithinktheearliestshipmentwecanmakeis...3．Promptshipmentisveryimportanttous.4．Wetryourbesttoadvanceshipment,butwecannotcommitourselves.5．Thelastthingwewanttodoistopostponethedeliverydate.6．Itwillbebettertoshipthemallatonetimesothatwecouldn’tmissthesalesseason.7．Ifyouareinurgentneedofthegoods,wesuggestthatyouallowpartialshipment.8．Iassureyoutheshipmentwillbeeffectedintime.Exercise多式聯(lián)運__________transportation貨運標志__________marks運輸模式transportation______鐵路運輸_______transport冷藏拖車__________trailers中轉(zhuǎn)運輸_________transport運輸費用____________costs物流運輸基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施Logisticstransportation__________ExerciseTransportprovidesflexibilityandexistsnotonlyasalinkbetweenthedifferentelementsofthesupplychain,butalsorawmaterialstoprocessingplant,distributionoffinishedgoodstowholesalersandretailers.運輸所提供的便利不僅僅存在于供應(yīng)鏈各個因素之間的連接，還存在于從原材料到加工工廠，以及產(chǎn)品到批發(fā)商及零售商的配送之中。Thetransportdecisiononmodalchoiceisaverycomplexmatterandrelativeeffectofcostsshouldnotbeunder-estimated.運輸模式的選擇是一件非常復(fù)雜的事情，相關(guān)的成本影響不能被低估。ExerciseBasedontherealityofchainenterpriseanddistributioncentreinChina,thispaperdiscussesthedevelopmentstrategyandthedistributionmodelabouttheregionaldistributioncentreofchainenterprises.本文從中國連鎖企業(yè)和配送中心發(fā)展的實際出發(fā)，對我國連鎖企業(yè)區(qū)域性配送中心的發(fā)展策略和配送模式進行了探討。Warehousesfocusonminimizingtheoperatingcoststomeetshippingrequirements,whileDCsfocusonmaximizingtheprofitimpactoffulfillingcustomerdeliveryrequirement.倉庫運用最低的運營成本來滿足裝運需求，配送中心利潤最大化的同時履行客戶送貨需求。Text2DistributionManagement【Para1】WhatistheDistributionCenter?（什么是配送中心？）

Distributioncenterisalogisticslink.Itsmainfunctionistocarryonphysicaldistribution.Indetail,itisalargeandautomatedcenterdestinedtoreceivegoodsfromvariousplantsandsuppliers,takeorder,fillthemefficiently,anddelivergoodstocustomersontime.Text2DistributionManagement【Para2】ThedifferencebetweenDistributionCentersandWarehouses（配送中心和倉庫的區(qū)別）

Unlikeawarehouse,however,it’semphasisisonthemovingofgoodsratherthanonlong-termstoragecenter.Itislocatedclosetoamajormarket.Itcanachievetotherapidprocessingofordersandshipmentofgoodtocustomers.Thedifferencesindetailareasfollows:Text2DistributionManagement

Warehouses(Ws)handlemostproductsinreceiving,storingandshipping;whiledistributioncenters(DCs)handlemostproductsinreceiving,picking,packagingandshipping.Wsperformaminimumofvalue-addedactivities(receive-store-shipgenerallyinoriginalforms),whileDCsperformagreatdealofvalue-addedactivities,e.g.,finalassembly.Wscollectdatainbatches(generallyreceiveandshipgoodsinbatches),whileDCscollectdatainrealtime.Text2DistributionManagement

Wsstoreallproducts(sloworfastmoving),whileDCsholdpredominantlyhighdemanditems.Wsfocusonminimizingtheoperatingcoststomeetshippingrequirements,whileDCsfocusonmaximizingtheprofitimpactoffulfillingcustomerdeliveryrequirement.Text2DistributionManagement【Para3】OperationFlowofDistributionCenter（配送中心的運作流程）

Therearesevenstepsofoperationflowinthedistributioncenter.Goodsconsolidation：Itreferstoreceivegoodsfromvariousplantsandsuppliers.Storage：Itreferstokeepthegoodsinthewarehouses.Text2DistributionManagementOrderPicking：Itreferstopickupthedestinedgoodsaccordingtotheorders.Purchase：Itreferstomakeorderswiththesuppliers.Orderfill：Itreferstofilltheorders.Sorting：Itreferstoputthegoodsintoseparatedpackageaccordingtotheorder.Distribution：Itreferstodispatchthegoodsinthespecifictransportationmode.Text2DistributionManagement【Para4】CostofDistribution（配送成本）

Distributionisanimportantaspectofacompany’smarketingandproductioneffortandthecostsofdistributionbearonthefinaldeliveredcostofanyproduct.Transportationcosts：Themostusedmodeoftransportationishighwaymotortransport.Butthecostofthismodeisrelativelyhigh.Changingthelocationandthenumberofwarehouseschangetransportationcostsinunanticipatedandcomplexways.Text2DistributionManagement

Storagecosts：Toprovidecustomerservicethroughthecompany’schosenchannelsofdistribution,somewarehousingisrequired.Thekeepingofstocksgivesrisetocosts.Costsofproduction：Itvariesbetweenlocations,withthelevelofinvestmentandwiththevolumeofoutput.Productiondecisionsmusttakeaccountofdistributioncosts.Text2DistributionManagement

Communicationsanddataprocessingcosts：Itvarieswiththecomplexityofthedistributionfunctionandoperation.Thisincludesthelevelofcustomerserviceprovided,orderprocessing,inventorycontrolandtransportdocumentation.Text2DistributionManagementNewWordsandPhraseslinkn.

連接點destinev.

預(yù)定，指定suppliern.供給者，供應(yīng)商efficientadj.有效率的，最經(jīng)濟的emphasisn.強調(diào)，重點collectv.集合，收集predominantlyadv.壓倒性的，主要的Text2DistributionManagementconsolidationn.聯(lián)合，配貨sortv.分類，分揀separatev.分離，隔離dispatchv.派遣，發(fā)送anticipatev.預(yù)期，預(yù)料complexadj.復(fù)雜的，合成的complexityn.復(fù)雜性documentationn.文件，單證Text2DistributionManagementvalue-added增值inbatches分批地，成批地realtime實時orderpicking訂單揀選orderfill訂單履行g(shù)iveriseto導(dǎo)致，引起Text2DistributionManagementNotes1．Indetail,itisalargeandautomatedcenterdestinedtoreceivegoodsfromvariousplantsandsuppliers,takeorders,fillthemefficiently,anddelivergoodstocustomersontime.

具體的說，配送中心是一個大型的自動化中心,它從工廠和供應(yīng)者手中接受貨物,接受訂單，有效執(zhí)行定單,并將貨物準時送給客戶。Text2DistributionManagement2．Wsperformaminimumofvalue-addedactivities(receive-store-shipgenerallyinoriginalforms),whileDCsperformagreatdealofvalue-addedactivities,e.g.,finalassembly.

倉庫處理極少的增值物流活動，然而配送中心處理大量的增值活動，例如，產(chǎn)品終端裝配。3．DCscollectdatainrealtime.

配送中心收集處理實時數(shù)據(jù)。Text2DistributionManagement4．Wsfocusonminimizingtheoperatingcoststomeetshippingrequirements,whileDCsfocusonmaximizingtheprofitimpactoffulfillingcustomerdeliveryrequirement.

倉庫運用最低的運營成本來滿足裝運需求，配送中心利潤最大化的同時履行客戶送貨需求。Text2DistributionManagement5．Itreferstopickupthedestinedgoodsaccordingtotheorders.

根據(jù)訂單收集指定貨物。6．Itreferstoputthegoodsintoseparatedpackageaccordingtotheorder.

根據(jù)訂單將貨物進行不同的包裝。Text2DistributionManagement7．Itreferstodispatchthegoodsinthespecifictransportationmode.

將貨物按指定的運輸方式發(fā)送貨物。8．Changingthelocationandthenumberofwarehouseschangetransportationcostsinunanticipatedandcomplexways.

改變倉庫的位置和數(shù)目會以一種無法預(yù)料且極其綜合的方式改變運輸成本。Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipment(ThefollowingisaconversationbetweentheMr.Gong,theclerkinaninternationallogisticscompanyandMary,acustomerofthecompany.)Gong：Speakingofyourorder,No156,MissMary,I’mafraidwecan’tshipthewholelotatonetime.Mary：Why?Isthereanythingwrongwithmyorder?Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipmentGong：Asfarasyourorderisconcerned,everythingisallright.Onlyit’sdifficultforustogetsomanygoodspreparedwithinsuchashortperiod.Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipmentMary：Whatdoyouproposedoing?Youarenotgoingtoadvisemetocanceltheorder,areyou?Gong：No.Ionlyproposethatpartialshipmentbeallowed.Mary：Butourcustomersareinurgentneedofthesegoods.Soitwillbebettertoshipthemallatonce.Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipmentGong：MissMary,maybeyouarenotclearaboutmypointyet.Itisinyourownintereststhatweputforwardsuchaproposal.Ifpartialshipmentisallowed,insteadofwaitingforthewholelottogetready,wecanshipwhateverisreadytomeettheurgentneedofyourend-users.Mary：Oh,Isee.InthatcaseIagreetopartialshipment.Howdoyouwantthegoodsdivided?Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipmentGong：Forthoseitemsthataresmallinsizeandlightinweight,wesendthemviaairfreight.It’llbeallrighttoshipotherordinaryandlargesizeditemsbysea.Mary：Pleasebyallmeansguaranteethedateofshipmentsothatwewouldn’tmissthesalesseason.Gong：WecanassureyouthattheshipmentofyourorderwillbeeffectedinJuneatthelatest.Thereisnoneedtoworry.Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipmentMary：Bytheway,wedohopeyoucanmakeadirectshipment.Gong：We’lldowhatwecan.Incasethereisnodirectshipment,willyouconsiderallowingtransshipment?Mary：I’mafraidnot.Youknow,Mr.Gong,transshipmenttakesmuchmoretime.What’smore,therearerisksofdamagetothegoodsduringtransshipment.Ihopeyouwilltrysomeotherway.Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipmentGong：Howaboutthisthen?I’llcontacttheshippingcompanyagainandaskthemtomakedeliveryhalfamonthinadvance.Thiswillensuretheconsignmenttoreachyourportintimeforyourcustomers’needs.Mary：That’smarvelous!Makedeliveryhalfamonthinadvance,andI’llagreetoyoursuggestion.Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipmentNewWordsandPhrasesurgentadj.緊急的，迫切的dividev.分割，分類viaprep.

經(jīng)由，經(jīng)過guaranteev.

保證，承諾transshipmentn.

轉(zhuǎn)運，轉(zhuǎn)船damagen.

損失，損害consignmentn.委托，運送之貨物Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipmentpartialshipment分批裝運end-user最終用戶inadvance提前Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipmentNotes1．Itisinyourownintereststhatweputforwardsuchaproposal.

我們提出這一建議正是為了您的利益。Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipment2．Ifpartialshipmentisallowed,insteadofwaitingforthewholelottogetready,wecanshipwhateverisreadytomeettheurgentneedofyourend-users.

如果允許分批裝運，我們就可以手頭有多少貨發(fā)多少貨，滿足貴方用戶的急需，而不必等到全部貨物備妥才發(fā)運。Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipment3．Thiswillensuretheconsignmenttoreachyourportintimeforyourcustomers’needs.

這將確保貨物及時到達貴方港口以應(yīng)客戶需要。Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipment

Tips：1.Onexamination,15caseswerefoundtobebadlydamaged.2．Wehavetoclaimonyoufor...3．Weregretbeingunabletoacceptyourclaimbecausethecasewereinperfectconditionwhenthegoodswereloaded.4．Accordingtothesurveyor’sreport,thedamageiscausedbyimproper...Dialogue2PartialShipmentandTransshipment5．Weshalltrytomakeupthelossyousustained.6．Themistakeisonourside.We’llarrangetosendyoureplacementatonceandwe’vealsopreparedtomeetyourclaim.7.We’vealreadytoldyouthatthisisacaseofForceMajeure.It’sexemptfromclaim.8.Wehopealldisputescanbesettledbynegotiation.Exercise配送中心是一個把完成物資配送作為其主要功能的物流結(jié)點。Distributioncentreisalogisticslinktofulfillphysicaldistributionasitsmainfunction.航空運輸具有速度上的優(yōu)勢。Airtransporthastheadvantageofspeed.Exercise運輸是指貨物在不同地點之間的物理性移動。Transportationreferstothephysicalmovementofgoodsfromonepointtoanotherpoint.隨著國際貿(mào)易的快速發(fā)展，運輸設(shè)施得到了大大改善以滿足日益增長的需求。Withtherapiddevelopmentofinternationaltrade,transportationfacilitieshavegreatlyimprovedtomeetthedemand.ExerciseCaseStudy1:海運是最常見的運輸方式Tom:早上好，比爾。我在把我的貨物運送到國外的問題上遇到了麻煩，這是我第一次跨國交易。你能告訴我，我該怎么做才能使得我的利潤最高嗎？Bill：不要著急。剛開始你可以考慮運輸方式，然后就試著找一個好的運輸公司或者貨運代理。Tom：當然，我們正在考慮這個。但是哪種運輸是最好的呢？Bill：總的來說，海運是最常見的。在中國和大多數(shù)外國國家，如果你的貨物很多而且目的地很遠的話，這是所有運輸中最便宜的。Tom：哦，這就是為什么很多公司選擇海運作為他們貨物的傳送方式了。ExerciseBill：是啊，但是海運的程序很麻煩，所以很多的公司選擇不親自去談細節(jié)，而是拜托給代理商。Tom：你能為我分析一下其他運輸方式嗎？Bill：火車通常用來運輸量大、低價值的、長距離的產(chǎn)品?？ㄜ嚳梢酝Ｔ谝粋€城市的任何地方并且交付的貨物可直接進入市場。一旦裝車完成可立即出發(fā)。Tom：空運呢？Bill：空運是最快的，但是有些貴。但是把速度考慮進去，它會很有效。食品和一些緊急物資通常被選擇用飛機運輸。Tom：謝謝你，你提醒我很多東西。ExerciseCaseStudy2:配送中心與倉庫的區(qū)別Jack:早上好，Tom。我有件事情想請教您，可以嗎？Tom：當然可以。Jack：倉庫和配送中心的區(qū)別是什么？Tom：與倉庫不同的，配送中心強調(diào)的是貨物的運輸而非長期的儲存。它是一個短期的存儲中心，接近主要市場，為訂單的快捷處理和向客戶送貨提供方便。Jack：我知道倉庫通過接收、存儲、運輸和分揀四個環(huán)節(jié)來處理大部分物品。那么配送中心呢？Tom：配送中心通過接收和運輸兩個環(huán)節(jié)來