必修4unit1主謂一致

人教課標(biāo)高一必修4Unit1GrammarWomenofachievement語法詳解：所謂主謂一致是指主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間,即主語的人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定著謂語動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的形式。Theboy___diving.They____diving.BothJackandTim___diving.Allofthem____diving.NeitherJacknorTim___walking.isareareisareFinishthefollowingexercises:BobBob_____aworker.isMike

MikeandBob_____workers.areBothMikeandBob____workers.areNeitherMikenorBob___ateacher.isBillNeither

ofthem___________(know)howtoteachEnglish.knows/knowAllofthem______workers.Noneofthem___________(know)howtoteachEnglish.areknows/know主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況：語法一致是指句子的主語和謂語在語法形式上一致，即謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式依主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式而定。主語為單數(shù)時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。語法一致原則1.and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞作主語的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞有以下兩種情況：(1)如果指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同的人或事物的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。HeandI____bothstudentsofthisschool.

我和他都是這個(gè)學(xué)校的學(xué)生。areThesingeranddancer____goingtogiveusaperformance.那個(gè)歌唱家兼舞蹈演員要給我們表演。Theknifeandfork____onthetable.刀叉在桌子上。

isis(2)但如果連接兩個(gè)以上的名詞指的是同一個(gè)人或物,或者指同一概念的時(shí)候,謂語要用單數(shù)。2.如果主語是不定式,動(dòng)詞ing形式或主語從句的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Whatheisdoingseemsveryimportant.他正在做的事情看起來很重要。Collectingstampsishishobby.收集郵票是他的愛好。3.定語從句的關(guān)系代詞who,which,that在從句中作主語時(shí)，要與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。Thosewhoenjoysingingmayjoinus.Tom,whoisyourfriend,shouldhelpyou.4.with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,like,without,except,but,including如果句子中有這些連接詞和主語連用,謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)隨主語的變化而變化。例如：

Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,isplantingtreesinthestreet.老師和他的學(xué)生們正在街道上植樹。鄰近一致是指謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與它最鄰近的名詞或代詞保持一致。

either...or;neither...nor;notonly...butalso,whether...or在句子中連接主語的時(shí)候或者在therebe句型中,謂語動(dòng)詞要和就近的主語保持一致。就近原則Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacher

wishesforaholiday.NeitheryounorIamwrong.Thereis

acupoftea

andsomeapplesonthetable.1．Oneortwodays____enoughtoseethecity．A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．a(chǎn)m D．be2．NeithermywifenorImyself____abletopersuademydaughtertochangehermind．A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．a(chǎn)m D．beExercises:3．NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary____tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother．A．is B．a(chǎn)reC．a(chǎn)m D．be4．Nottheteacher，butthestudents____lookingforwardtoseeingthefilm．A．is B．a(chǎn)reC．a(chǎn)m D．be5．NobodybutBettyandMary____lateforclassyesterday．A．was B．wereC．hasbeen D.havebeen6．Awomanwithsomechildren____soon．A．iscoming B.arecomingC．hascome D.havecome11.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks___tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered12.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory___yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecided

D.havenotdecided7．Nooneexceptmyparents____anythingaboutthis。A．know B．knowsC．isknown D．a(chǎn)reknown8．Theteacheraswellasthestudents____thebookalready．A．hasread B．havereadC．a(chǎn)rereading D．isreading9．Allbutone____intheaccident．A．waskilled

B．werekilledC．willbekilled D．a(chǎn)rekilled所謂概念一致原則是指謂語動(dòng)詞和主語一致不是取決于主語的語法形式,而是其實(shí)際意義。有的主語名詞在形式上是單數(shù),但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)；有的主語名詞在形式上是復(fù)數(shù),但在意義上卻是單數(shù)。概念一致原則1.不定代詞all,more,some,any,none作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞視情況而定。Alloftheapples____rotten.所有的蘋果都爛了。Alloftheapple____rotten.整個(gè)蘋果都爛了。

不定代詞all,more,some,any,none作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞視情況而定。

are

isNoneofthemoney_____left.沒有剩下一點(diǎn)錢。Noneofthestudents_____there.沒有學(xué)生在那里。

is

is2.therestof;halfof;partof;majorityof;percentof;onethirdof在句子中加名詞作主語的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞與of后面的名詞保持一致。Halfofthestudents_____finishedtheircomposition.一半的學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了他們的作文。Halfoftheapple____bad.一半的蘋果壞了。About60percentofthestudentsinourschool____boys.我們學(xué)校,大約百分之六十的學(xué)生是男生。haveisare3.集合名詞作主語,動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù),也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；指全體人員時(shí),動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。這一類常見的集合名詞有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。Hisfamily____goingout.Hisfamily____allmusiclovers.集合名詞作主語,動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù),也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；指全體人員時(shí),動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。這一類常見的集合名詞有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。is

are

4.某些名詞如people,police,cattle等,形式上是單數(shù),但意義上是復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。people指“民族”時(shí)是例外。Thepolicearesearchingforathief.Thecattleareeatinggrassonthehill.5.復(fù)合不定代詞作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，如someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing。

Someoneisaskingforyou.有人找你。

Nothingisfoundintheroom.在屋子里什么也沒找到。6.某些名詞如clothes,trousers,shoes,glasses等,通常只用其復(fù)數(shù)形式,但當(dāng)它們被apairof修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:Thepairofshoesiswornout.這雙鞋破了。Theshoesarewornout.鞋子破了。某些名詞以s結(jié)尾如maths,politics,physics,news,plastics等,謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。

Physicsisaveryinterestingsubject.物理是一門很有趣的學(xué)科。8.every...andevery...;each...andeach...;no...andno...在以上短語中and連接的單數(shù)名詞,整個(gè)短語在句中作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常使用單數(shù)。

Eachmanandeachwomanisaskedtoattend.Everyboyandeverygirlintheclassisdiligent.班級(jí)中的每個(gè)男孩女孩都很用功。Nosoundandnovoiceisheard.聽不到任何聲音。9.以anumberof作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);以thenumberof作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Anumberofnewbooksareonthedesk.Thenumberofstudentsinyouclassis50.10.有些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣,作主語的時(shí)候,其謂語動(dòng)詞由上下文決定,這一類名詞有:means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。Noteverymeansisuseful.不是每種方法都好使。Notallmeansareuseful.不是所有的方法都好使。11.manya,morethanone,oneandahalf與單數(shù)名詞組成的短語,謂語用單數(shù)。

Manyaboyhasseenit.許多孩子都看到了。12.書刊名、時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。

Thirtyyearsisnotalongtime.

RootsisafamousAmericannovel.1.thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind(這種書),其謂語用單數(shù);短語thiskindofmen=menofthiskind=thesekindofmen(口語)(這一類人),但thiskindofmen的謂語用單數(shù),menofthiskind和thesekindofmen的謂語用復(fù)數(shù),allkindsof后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：應(yīng)該注意的幾個(gè)問題:Thiskindofmenisdangerous.Menofthiskindaredangerous.2.在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。例如:Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.3.“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,aheapof,heapsof,halfof+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致,這是因?yàn)槎陶Z中后面的名詞是中心詞,而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語。例如:Lotsofdamagewascausedbyfire.Aboutthree-fourthsoftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.Three-fifthsoftheworkersherearewomen.和這種情況類似的還有“anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。但是,“thenumberof+名詞”的中心詞卻是number。試比較：Anumberofstudentshavegonetothecountrysidetohelpwiththeautumnharvest.Thenumberofpagesinthisbookistwohundred.注意:a(large)quantityof修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Alargequantityofpeopleisneededhere.quantitiesof修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:Quantitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable.短語inquantity,inlargequantities意為“大量”;insmallquantities意為“少量”。4.agreatdealof,alargeamountof,修飾不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù);largeamountsof修飾不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:Alargeamountof(Agreatdealof)damagewasdoneinaveryshorttime.Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.5.表示數(shù)量的oneandahalf后,名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但是其短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.6.如果主語由“the+形容詞(或過去分詞)”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時(shí),謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù);這類詞有:thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,thedeafanddub,theoppressed,theinjured,thewounded,theunemployed等;但也有少數(shù)的過去分詞與定冠詞連用時(shí)指?jìng)€(gè)別,則用單數(shù)。例如：Theblindstudyinspecialschool.Thedeparted(死者)wasawell-knownengineer.這類形容詞或分詞如果要表示個(gè)體時(shí),就要與名詞man,person或表示人的單數(shù)連用。例如:anoldman,arichperson,the(a)woundedsoldier.1.Onethirdofthecountry_____coveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizens_____blackpeople.(湖南2011)A.is;are