li unit3新視野第一冊(cè)第一單元A

UNIT3SectionA

AGoodHeart

toLeanon

NewHorizonCollegeEnglish(BI)RelevantInformation(I)1.ManhattanisasuburbofNewYork.

曼哈頓是美國(guó)紐約市5個(gè)行政區(qū)之中人口最稠密的一個(gè)，也是最小的一個(gè)行政區(qū)。曼哈頓主要由一個(gè)島組成，并被東河、哈得孫河以及哈萊姆河包圍。曼哈頓被形容為整個(gè)美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化中心，是紐約市中央商務(wù)區(qū)所在地，世界上摩天大樓最集中的地區(qū)，匯集了世界500強(qiáng)中絕大部分公司的總部，也是聯(lián)合國(guó)總部的所在地。下曼哈頓的華爾街是世界上最重要的金融中心，有紐約證券交易所和納斯達(dá)克，曼哈頓的房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)也是全世界最昂貴之一。根據(jù)2010年的資料，曼哈頓擁有1,585,873的居民，面積59.5平方千米，即平均每平方千米有26,668的人口，也使曼哈頓成為世界上人口最稠密的地方之一。曼哈頓也是全國(guó)其中一個(gè)最富有的地方，在2005年便有超過(guò)$100,000美元的人均GDP。由于每年有高達(dá)5,000萬(wàn)的游客到訪紐約市，所以曼哈頓的不少景點(diǎn)都是世界知名的。其中，被稱為“世界的十字路口”和“世界的中心點(diǎn)”的時(shí)代廣場(chǎng)是璀璨奪目的百老匯劇院的中心點(diǎn)、全世界其中一個(gè)最繁忙的行人過(guò)路處以及世界娛樂(lè)產(chǎn)業(yè)的中心點(diǎn)。曼哈頓也擁有很多世界知名的橋梁、摩天大廈以及公園；曼哈頓華埠是整個(gè)西半球最大的華人聚居地。曼哈頓也同時(shí)擁有大量的高中和大學(xué)，其中包括世界排名前50的知名學(xué)府如哥倫比亞大學(xué)、紐約大學(xué)以及洛克斐勒大學(xué)。由于紐約市是于曼哈頓的南端創(chuàng)立，故此紐約市政府的所在地紐約市政廳也位于此。I.RelevantInformation(II)2.BrooklynisasuburbofNewYork.I.RelevantInformation(III)

3.EbbetsFieldisthestadiumbuiltbyandnamedafterCharlieEbbets,theowneroftheBrooklynDodgersbaseballteam.ThefirstgameplayedinthisformerhomeoftheBrooklynDodgerstookplacein1938.TheDodgersnolongerplayforBrooklyn.I.RelevantInformation(IV)4.Dodgers:TheDodgers,thenameofabaseballteam;theteamoriginallyplayedforBrooklynbutnowitnolongerplaysforBrooklyn.

II.Lead-inActivities―HistoryDoyouknowwhenisFather’sDay?

The3rdSundayofJuneTip:WhataboutthehistoryofFather’sDay?Fordetails

TheStoryofFather’sDay(I)Mrs.JohnB·Dodd,ofWashington,firstproposedtheideaofa“father’sday”in1909.Mrs.Doddwantedaspecialdaytohonorherfather,WilliamSmart.WilliamSmart,aCivilWarveteran,waswidowedwhenhiswife(Mrs.Dodd’smother)diedinchildbirthwiththeirsixthchild.

BackMr.SmartwaslefttoraisethenewbornandhisotherfivechildrenbyhimselfonaruralfarmineasternWashingtonState.

TheStoryofFather’sDay(II)

ItwasafterMrs.Doddbecameanadultthatsherealizedthestrengthandselflessnessherfatherhadshowninraisinghischildrenasasingleparent.Back

TheStoryofFather’sDay(III)ThefirstFather’sDaywasobservedonJune19,1910inSpokane,Washington.In1924,PresidentCalvinCoolidgesupportedtheideaofanationalFather’sDay.Finallyin1966,PresidentLyndonJohnsonsignedapresidentialproclamationdeclaringthe3rdSundayofJuneas

Father’sDay.BackTheJourneytoSeekforaGoodHeart…

TypeofWriting:“GoodHeart”;

Father;Life;Plot:NarrationCharacters:fatherson&Place:Brooklyn,N.Y.Time:Whenthesongrewup

MainIdeaoftheText

Byrecallingsomelifesectionsabouthisfather,thesonwantstoshowhowhiscrippledfather’sstrongpersonalityinfluenceshimandhelpshimkeepmentalbalancethroughthefather’sactofdeepcaringinlife.Inthisstory,asondescribeshowashamedhefeltasayouthwhenhewalkeddownthestreetwithhiscrippledfather.Thesondidnotlikehowpeoplestaredathim.Hisfatherneverletonthathesawanyofthis.Hewasveryactiveandenjoyedlife.Heoftentookpartinactivitiesthroughhisson.Overtime,thesonlearnedthathisfatherhadagoodheart.Hisfatherhasbeengonemanyyearsandthesonissorryhedidnottellhimhowmuchheadmiredhim.Now,heoftenremembershisfather’sexample.StructureAnalysisTherecallingofthefather’sexperienceThereflectiononthefather’slifeprincipleThereflectiononwhata“goodheart”isSection1(para1-4)Section2(para5-7)Section3(para8-13)leanon

dependonforsupportandencouragement我們有困難時(shí)總尋求父母的支持。Wealwaysleanonourparentswhenweareintrouble.KeyTranslationWordsandExpressions—WordUsingSubtitleMorethanIrealizedBeyondmyrealizationAfteralotofhardconstructionwork,thebeautyofthecityismorethanwordscandescribe.QHowdidthewriterfeeltobeseenwithhisfatherwhenhewasyoung?Andwhy?

HishandonmyarmforbalanceTheylayontheirbacks,theirhandscrossedundertheirheads.LanguagePoints

Iwouldinwardlystruggleattheunwantedattention.(L.3)

and

wouldmakeittotheofficeevenifotherscouldnot.(L.10)IwouldpullhimthroughthestreetsofBrooklyn(L.12)Hewould

clingtothehand-rail(L.14)He

wouldnothavetogooutsideagain…(L.16)★Theword“would”usedinthesesentencesshowwhatalwayshappenedbefore,meaning“usedtodosth.”BacktoPartIIfheevernoticedorwasbothered,he

neverleton.If:althoughItwasanicemeal,ifalittleexpensiveIfheevernoticedorwasbothered,he

neverleton.If:althougha.用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件從句：從來(lái)

b.用于表示比較的從句：曾經(jīng)

c.用于特殊疑問(wèn)句：究竟,到底,用任何方式___Itisrainingharderthanever.___Nothingevermakeshimangry.___Whoevercanitbe?bacNotestotheText—FocusStudy

ever從來(lái),曾經(jīng),究竟VI.LanguagePointsadjustto(L.7):makechangesinordertosuitaparticularsituationorpurpose.

e.g.新生應(yīng)該盡快適應(yīng)大學(xué)生活。Freshmenshouldlearntoadjustthemselvestothecollegelifeassoonaspossible.

BacktoPartIVI.LanguagePoints3.Hewenttoworksick(L.9):whenhewassicke.g.Hewenttobedhungrylastnight.Ican’tdrinkthewaterhot.BacktoPartI

VI.LanguagePoints4.despitenastyweather(L.9):inspiteofbadweatherBacktoPartI

LanguagePoints

makeittotheoffice(L.9):1)toarriveintime2)succeedwithefforte.g.想在演藝圈出人頭地，并非易事。It’shardtomakeittothetopinshowbusiness.

BacktoPartIVI.LanguagePointsclingto:holdtightlyto

e.g.clingtothehandrails/thebelief

e.g.同他爭(zhēng)論沒(méi)有意義，他是個(gè)墨守陳規(guī)的人。There’snopointinarguingwithhim,forheisamanwhoclingstotheoldideas.BacktoPartI

VI.LanguagePointsThelowerstepsthatthewarmertunnelairkeptice-free.★~-free:without~

e.g.duty-freeshop,care-freechildhood

★“thelowersteps”isusedastheobjectto“keep”;“ice-free”istheobjectcomplement.

BacktoPartIOnceOnceinbed,thechildrenusuallygotosleepveryquickly.Oncethere,hewouldclingtothehandrail

untilhereachedthelowerstepsthatthe

warmertunnelairkeptfreeofice.①hewouldclingtothehandrail②untilhereachedthelowersteps他就緊抓著地鐵通道口的扶手/一直往下走/因?yàn)榈罔F空氣暖和，下面幾級(jí)臺(tái)階沒(méi)有冰雪。

③thatthewarmertunnelairkeptfreeoficeNotestotheText—FocusStudy

TipsfortranslatinglongsentencesThelongsentencecanbedividedinto:長(zhǎng)句:修飾語(yǔ)多;并列成分多;語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)層次多

Tipsfortranslatinglongsentences2.找出句中所有的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從

句的引導(dǎo)詞。1.找出全句的主、謂、賓語(yǔ)，從整體上把握句

子的結(jié)構(gòu)。NotestotheText—FocusStudy

3.分析從句和短語(yǔ)的功能。例如，是否為主語(yǔ)從

句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句等。

4.分析詞、短語(yǔ)和從句之間的相互關(guān)系。例如，

定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的先行詞是哪一個(gè)。5.注意插入語(yǔ)等其他成分。6.注意分析句子中是否有固定詞組或固定搭配。NotestotheText—FocusStudy

VI.LanguagePoints…agrownmantosubjecthimselftosuchindignityandstress.(L.20):causesb.toexperienceorsuffer使某人承受/經(jīng)受e.g.這種產(chǎn)品投放市場(chǎng)前必須接受數(shù)次嚴(yán)格的測(cè)試Thistypeofproductmustbesubjectedtoanumberofseveretestsbeforecomingintothemarket.

BacktoPartIINormally,whenyouclipthemodifiers(修飾語(yǔ)),youwillseethekeyidea.Amodifiercanbeaclause,prepositionalphrase,adverbialphrase,indefinitephrase,etc.現(xiàn)在回想起來(lái)，我感到十分驚嘆。想他那樣一個(gè)成年人，得有多大的勇氣才能經(jīng)受這樣的屈辱和壓力。Thekeyidea:Ifeelgreatlysurprised.

WhenIthinkofitnow,Ifeelgreatlysurprisedathowmuchcourageitmusthavetakenformyfathertoexperiencesuchshameandstress.NotestotheText—FocusStudy

Whensb.thinksofsth./sb.now(somedayinthefuture),he/sheis/feelsamazed/shocked/delighted/embarassed/guilty/alarmed/…at…現(xiàn)在（將來(lái)有朝一日）回想起某事/某人來(lái)，某人會(huì)對(duì)…感到驚嘆震驚高興難堪內(nèi)疚恐慌。WhenIthinkthemilitarytrainingnow,IstillfeelamazedathowmuchwillpowerIdisplayedthen.hasamHeisnotafootballfan,nor_____I.IhaveneverbeentoParis,nor____mywife.Henevertalkedabouthimselfasan

objectofpity,nordidheshowanyenvyofthemorefortunateorable.never…,nor…從不……,也從不……NotestotheText—FocusStudy

NowthatIamolder,Ibelievethatisaproper

standardbywhichtojudgepeople...Translation

我真不知道該說(shuō)什么。Ireallydon’tknowwhattosay.whichtojudge:疑問(wèn)詞+不定式

你已經(jīng)決定國(guó)慶節(jié)去哪兒了嗎?HaveyoudecidedwheretogofortheNational

Day?NotestotheText—FocusStudy

engagein(L.27):takepartinsth./participateinsth.engageda.忙碌的,使用中的;已訂婚的engagementn.訂婚;約會(huì);保證書(shū)

(Altoughsb.is)adj./p.p.phrase,sb.stilldoes…

雖說(shuō)是…，某人還是…(某人盡管有不利因素但仍然努力去做)

findoneself+prep./V-ing/V-edAtdusk,theyfoundthemselvesatavalley.Ifoundmyselfagreeingwitheverythingshesaid.Theywokeuptofindthemselvessurroundedbywater.Normally,awriterstartswithageneralpointandthenpresentsanumberofexamplestosupporthispoint.GeneralSpecific(Exemplification)Para.8Example1:Example2:Ageneralpoint:Myfathertriedtoparticipateinmanyactivitiesinsomeway.keeptheteamgoingasamanagerliketogotodancesandpartiesTextunderstandingcontentto

他對(duì)這種平靜的生活感到完全心滿意足。He’sperfectlycontenttolivesuchapeacefullife.KeyTranslationhappyorsatisfiedWordsandExpressions—WordUsing

VI.LanguagePointstakeadive(L.37):pretendtobedefeatedpretendtoloseafightoragame

★Whydidn’tanyonefightwithhim?Itwasamixedfeelingofrespectandfearofthefatherthaturgedthefighterstopretendtobedefeatedbeforethefightbegan.(Itshowspeople’srespect,admirationandfearofthefather.Inaweofthefather,theydidn’tdaretofightwithhim.)

BacktoPartIII

VI.LanguagePointshesawtoitthat….:makesurethat…

你能確保今天發(fā)出這封信嗎？此信周四前必須到達(dá)總部。Willyouseetoitthatthislettergetspostedtoday?IthastoreachtheheadofficebeforeThursday.

BacktoPartIIIPara.11Example3:Ageneralpoint:Inowknowheparticipatedinsomethingsthroughme,hisonlyson.Example1:Example2:visitedhisofficeplayedballjoinedtheNavyTextunderstanding

VII.RhetoricalTechniques(I)1.Euphemism（委婉）:e.g.Hisfatherhasbeengoneformanyyearsnow(line45).(“hasbeengone”isusedheretoreplace“hasbeendead”).

VII.RhetoricalTechniques(II)2.Parallelism（平行結(jié)構(gòu)）:

將結(jié)構(gòu)相同或類似、意義相關(guān)的語(yǔ)言成分平行的并列在一起起到加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)勢(shì)，表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈感情的作用，并列的成分可是單詞，短語(yǔ)，從句，句子等。

e.g.1)IamsorryInevertoldhimhowsorryIwas,howunworthyIwas,howIregrettedit.(L.46)2)IthinkofhimwhenIcomplainabouttrifles,whenIamenviousofanother’sgoodfortune,whenIdon’thavea“goodheart”(L.47)Thecontrastiscenteredaround“theson”and“thefather”:1)Theirattitudestowardspeople’sstaringThefather:neverlettingonevenwhenbotheredortalkingabouthimselfasanobjectofpityTheson:embarrassedtobeseenwalkingwiththecrippledfather

VII.RhetoricalTechniques(III)3.Comparison&Contrast2)TheirwaysofconductingoneselfTheson:enviousofanother’sgoodfortune,shortof“goodheart”,complainingabouttrifles(Para.12)Thefather:brave(courage)tosubjecthimselftotheshameandstresswithoutbitternessandcomplaint,showingnoenvyofthemorefortuneorable,andlookingfor“goodheart”inothers(Para.5and6)Back3)TheirdependenceoneachotherTheson:Iputmyhandonthefather’sarmformybalanceofmindwhenIcomplainabouttrifles,whenIamenviousofanother’sgoodfortune,whenIdon’thavea‘goodheart’.Thefather:Iputmyhandontheson’sarmformybalanceofbodywhenwewalkedtogether,whenIwenttowork,whensnoworicewasontheground.Back

VII.RhetoricalTechniques(IV)4.Echoism:

1)Echoismbetweenthetopicandtheending:

Thetopic“Agoodhearttoleanon”andtheending“Yousetthepace.Iwilltrytoadjusttoyou”bothconveytheauthor’sdependenceonthefather’smentalguide.2)Echoismbetweentheformerandlatterparts:

Yousetthepace.Iwilltrytoadjusttoyou.(Youguidemephysically.)Yousetthepace.Iwilltrytoadjusttoyou.(Youguidemementally.)

Ⅷ.Grammar—VerblessClause1.VerblessClause無(wú)動(dòng)詞分句★ModelsintheText：Whenwewouldwalktogether,hishandonmyarmforbalance,peoplewouldstare.Itwasdifficulttocoordinateoursteps—hishalting,mineimpatient.Hewenttoworksick,anddespitenastyweather.Oncethere,hewouldclingtothehandrailuntilhereachedthelowerstepsthatthewarmertunnelairkeptice-free.Unabletoengageinmanyactivities,myfatherstilltriedtoparticipateinsomeway.★DefinitionofVerblessClause:無(wú)動(dòng)詞分句是一種縮略分句結(jié)構(gòu)。所謂“無(wú)動(dòng)詞”是因?yàn)檫@種結(jié)構(gòu)中沒(méi)有任何形式地謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?！颰ypesofVerblessClause:1)無(wú)動(dòng)詞分句通常只有隱含邏輯主語(yǔ)，它是通過(guò)與主句共用主語(yǔ)而依附于主句，如：Oncethere,hewouldclingtothehandrail.Unabletoengageinmanyactivates,myfatherstilltriedtoparticipateinsomeway.Asciencereporter,hehasawiderangeofknowledge.Closetotheurbanareas,thisfarmmainlydoesmarketgardening.WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.Back2)而無(wú)動(dòng)詞分句也有將自己的主語(yǔ)表示出來(lái)的。如：Itisdifficulttocoordinateoursteps,hishalting,mineimpatient.Dozensoftouristslosttheirway,manyofthemchildren.帶主語(yǔ)的無(wú)動(dòng)詞分句一般由名詞短語(yǔ)+名詞詞組/介詞詞組/形容詞詞組/副詞詞組構(gòu)成。如：Shetalkedaboutherfriends,allofthemtelevisionstars.Helookedup,annoyanceonhisface.FledlookedatHarry,hiseyesfullofdoubt.Breakfastover,hewen