人體正常結(jié)構(gòu)-消化系統(tǒng)

Splanchnology內(nèi)臟學(xué)夏青人體解剖學(xué)教研室天津醫(yī)學(xué)高等專(zhuān)科學(xué)校Composition:Digestivesystem消化系統(tǒng)Respiratorysystem呼吸系統(tǒng)Urinarysystem泌尿系統(tǒng)Reproductivesystem生殖系統(tǒng)DigestiveSystem

消化系統(tǒng)Composition消化系統(tǒng)組成Digestivetract消化管

Mouth口腔

Pharynx咽

Esophagus食管

Stomach胃

Smallintestine小腸

Largeintestine大腸

Duodenum十二指腸Jejunum空腸Ileum回腸Digestivegland消化腺：大消化腺，小消化腺Superiordigestivetube

上消化道Inferiordigestivetube

下消化道Majorsalivaryglands大唾液腺Liver肝Pancreas胰

Function:ingestion,digestion,absorption,egesting

Mouth

Pharynx

Esophagus

StomachDuodenumJejunumIleumLargeintestine

Liver

PancreasMajorsalivaryglandsReferencelinesofthorax胸部標(biāo)志線Anteriormedianline前正中線Midclavicularline鎖骨中線Midaxillaryline腋中線Scapularline肩胛線Posteriormedianline后正中線腋中線肩胛線后正中線Theabdominalregions腹部分區(qū)

Nineregions九區(qū)法Fourquadrants

四區(qū)法

Fourquadrants

四區(qū)法TheEsophagus食管

Generalfeatures位置及形態(tài)

amusculartuberabout25cmlong,connectingthepharynxatlevelofC6vertebra,atlevelofT11vertebraentersthestomach.Division:Cervicalpart頸部Thoracicpart胸部Abdominalpart腹部Threeconstrictions食管3個(gè)狹窄第一狹窄：起始部Atitsbeginning,15cmfromincisors,liesatlevelofC6,isthenarrowestpartoftheesophagus第二狹窄：

與左主支氣管交叉處Whereitiscrossedbyleftmainbronchus,25cmfromincisors,liesatlevelofintervertebraldiscbetweenT4andT5.第三狹窄：穿膈處

Whereitpassesthroughtheesophagealhiatusofdiaphragm,40cmfromincisors,atlevelofT10TheStomach胃

Shape形態(tài)、分部

Twosurface兩壁:

anterior前壁andposterior后壁.Twocurvatures兩緣Lessercurvature胃小彎

:short,concaveanddirectedtotherightandupward,Greatercurvature

胃大彎:long,convexanddirectedtotheleftanddownward.Twoopenings兩口Cardia

賁門(mén)Pylorus幽門(mén)Fourparts四部Cardiacpart賁門(mén)部Fundusofstomach胃底Bodyofstomach胃體Pyloricpart幽門(mén)部Pyloricantrum

幽門(mén)竇

Pyloriccanal幽門(mén)管Cardiacpart賁門(mén)部Fundusofstomach胃底

Bodyofstomach胃體Pyloricantrum

幽門(mén)竇Pyloriccanal幽門(mén)管Pyloricpart幽門(mén)部Position胃的位置－Mainlypartsissituatedinthelefthypochondriacregion左季肋區(qū),smallintheepigastricregion腹上區(qū);TheSmallIntestine小腸About5-7mlong,DividedintoDuodenum十二指腸

Jejunum空腸Ileum回腸DuodenumJejunumIleum

Duodenum十二指腸Fourparts

Superiorpart上部Duodenalcap十二指腸球Superiorduodednalflexure十二指腸上曲Descendingpart降部Majorduodenalpapilla

十二指腸大乳頭Minorduodenalpapilla十二指腸小乳頭Inferiorduodenalflexure十二指腸下曲Horizontalpart

水平部Ascendingpart

升部duodenojejunalflexure十二指腸空腸曲十二指腸懸韌帶

(ligamentofTreitz),asurgicallandmark,descendsfromtherightcrusofdiaphragmtoduodenaltermination.Jejunum空腸

andileum回腸

Jejunumandileum空腸，回腸區(qū)別Characteristic特點(diǎn)Jejunum空腸Ileum回腸Position位置Upper2/5Lower3/5Diameter管徑GreaterLessWall管壁ThickerThinCircularfolds環(huán)狀襞Larger,numerousFewer，smallerVascularity血管分部GreaterLess

Colour顏色DeeperredPalerpink

Lymphaticfollicles淋巴濾泡SolitaryAggregatedLargeIntestine大腸

Approximately1.5mlong,Fiveparts:Cecum

盲腸Vermiformappendix闌尾Colon結(jié)腸Rectum直腸

Canal肛管LargeIntestine大腸FeaturesColicbands結(jié)腸帶Haustraofcolon結(jié)腸袋Epiploicappendices

腸脂垂Cecum

盲腸Blindsac,firstpartoflargeintestine,withlargestdiameterandthinnestwallLiesinrightiliacfossaTheiliumentersthececumobliquely,andpartiallyinvaginatesintoit,formingtheileocecalvalve－consistsoftwofolds,probablydelaysflowofilealcontentsintolargeintestineVermiformappendix闌尾位于右髂窩，長(zhǎng)約6-8cm。闌尾根部體表投影（MacBurney麥?zhǔn)宵c(diǎn))右髂前上棘與臍連線的中、外1/3交點(diǎn)處。Surfacemarkingofthebaseisattheso-calledMcBurney’spointwhichisatjunctionoflateralandmiddlethirdsoflinejoiningrightanteriorsuperioriliacspineandumbilicusColon

結(jié)腸Ascendingcolon

升結(jié)腸rightcolicflexure

結(jié)腸右曲Transversecolon橫結(jié)腸leftcolicflexure

Descendingcolon降結(jié)腸descendsalmostverticallyfromleftcolicflexuretosigmoidcolonatleftiliaccrest.Sigmoidcolon乙狀結(jié)腸－extendsfromdescendingcolontorectumatlevelofS3.Rectum直腸Position:withinpelviccavity,extendsfromS3topelvicdiaphragm.Curves兩個(gè)彎曲：SagittalplaneSacralflexure直腸骶曲

convexbackward

Perinealflexure直腸會(huì)陰曲

convexforward.骶曲會(huì)陰曲肝Liver

概述Introduction肝的功能:合成分泌膽汁；參與物質(zhì)代謝,蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪和糖；代謝解毒，藥物、激素轉(zhuǎn)化分解；吞噬及免疫防御；

一、肝的形態(tài)肝呈不規(guī)則的楔形，分膈面、臟面和上下緣。（一）膈面DiaphragmaticSurfaceRightLobeofLiver肝右葉LeftLobeofLiver肝左葉鐮狀韌帶肝圓韌帶

肝圓韌帶裂

左側(cè)縱溝靜脈韌帶裂“H”溝

橫溝：肝門(mén)、肝蒂

膽囊窩

右側(cè)縱溝

腔靜脈溝分葉:左葉、右葉、方葉、尾狀葉肝的位置和毗鄰（二）臟面VisceralSurface右葉肝門(mén)肝固有動(dòng)脈肝左、右管肝門(mén)靜脈肝圓韌帶裂靜脈韌帶膽囊下腔靜脈左葉方葉尾狀葉下緣三、肝的體表投影肝的上界與膈的穹窿一致，肝最高點(diǎn)。在右側(cè)相當(dāng)于右鎖骨中線與第五肋的交點(diǎn)處。在左側(cè)相當(dāng)于左鎖骨中線與第五肋間隙的交點(diǎn)處，肝的下界，右側(cè)大致與右肋弓一致，在腹上區(qū)可達(dá)劍突下３－５ｃｍ。

膽囊

gallbladder形態(tài)

位置分部底、體、頸、管膽囊底體表投影膽囊三角(Calot三角)

輸膽管道

BileDuct包括肝左管、肝右管、肝總管、膽囊Gallbladder與膽總管。肝左管肝右管CommonHepaticDuct肝總管Gallbladder膽囊Cysticduct膽囊管CommonBileDuct膽總管FundusofGallbladder膽囊底BodyofGallbladder膽囊體NeckofGallbladder膽囊頸HepatopancreaticAmpulla肝胰壺腹膽汁排泄途徑平時(shí)

肝肝左管、肝右管肝總管膽囊管膽囊進(jìn)食

膽囊膽囊管膽總管肝胰壺腹肝肝左管、肝右管肝總管十二指腸大乳頭十二指腸小結(jié)肝的形態(tài)肝的位置肝的體表投影肝外管道第八節(jié)胰Pancreas2.胰分胰頭、胰體、胰尾BodyofPancreas胰頭Bodyofpancreas胰體Tail