美國(guó)文學(xué)課件HermanMelville

HermanMelville

(1819~1891)

Date：2013-11-12ContentsOccupation,Lifestory1Works2AnalysisofMobyDick3Evaluation4OccupationBankclerkSalesmanFarm-handTeacherSailorCustomsinspectorNovelistPoetAmerican’sShakespeare

1.OneofthegreatesttragediesintheNorthAmericanliteraryhistory2.OneofthegreatestlossestoAmericanliteratureLifeStoryOfMelville

HischildhoodwashappytotheageofelevenwhenhisfatherdiedindebtThemarriedlifeofMelvillewasmorelikethatofScottFitzgeraldthanMarkTwain’sForaperiodofsomeeightyearsafterhisreturnfromsea,hewasathismostprolificForthelasttwentyyearsofhislifeMelvilleworkedintheCustomHouseinNewYork,goingoffinthemorningandcominghomelaterintheday.SeaExperiencesHewasaWhaler,aboutthelowestofsailors.Hisexperiencesandadventuresonthesea,stoodhiminrichstead.Theyfurnishedhimwithabundantmaterialforfiction.Marriage(1847)ElizabethShaw(daughterofChiefJusticeofBoston)ExtravagantlifestyleWritingformoneyFriendshipwithHawthorneMeetingHawthorneinthesummerof1850InfluencedbyhisblackvisionRevisingMobyDickTheyallrepresentedapositionoftragichumanismintheirtimeMelville’sgraveFeaturesEarlierWorks—drawinguponhisseaexperiences—blackandwhiteLaterWorks—ReconciliationbetweenmanandGod—livingbytherulesofthisworldMelville’sMajorWorksTypee?泰比?1846Omoo?歐穆?1847波里尼西亞三部曲Mardi

?瑪?shù)?1849 Pierre

?皮埃爾?1852哲學(xué)性小說(shuō)Redburn

?雷得本?1849WhiteJacket?白外衣?1850BillyBudd

《比利?巴德》1891Clarel《克拉萊爾》(apoem)1876Moby-Dick

?白鯨?，?莫比?狄克?1851MobyDick(1851)Hisbestworkandmasterpiece;thefirstAmericanproseepic.（散文體史詩(shī)）;anencyclopediaofeverythingShakespeareantragedyofmanfightingagainstoverwhelmingoddsinanindifferentandhostileuniverse小說(shuō)梗概小說(shuō)敘述一位名叫埃哈帕的捕鯨船船長(zhǎng)率領(lǐng)全體船員和捕鯨水手，追捕一條叫莫比迪克的白鯨，莫比迪克是一條令人心驚膽顫，兇殘狡猾的海中怪物，凡是捕鯨的漁民無(wú)不聞聲喪膽，談虎色變。埃哈帕的一條腿就是被它吞噬的，因此，他決心捕殺白鯨報(bào)仇雪恨。

捕鯨船在大海中日夜搜捕，終于和白鯨相遇，經(jīng)過(guò)三天的追蹤，白鯨終于被魚(yú)叉標(biāo)槍所擊中。發(fā)狂的白鯨撞翻了漁船，船長(zhǎng)被魚(yú)叉標(biāo)槍上的繩索纏住，一起卷入海中，最后兩敗俱傷，船沉人亡。只有船員伊什梅爾生還，向我們講述這個(gè)悲壯的故事。人物分析Pequod:“皮闊德”號(hào)捕鯨船被稱為人類世界的縮影，既是一個(gè)設(shè)備齊全的人類配備充足的生產(chǎn)中心同時(shí)也是個(gè)小社會(huì)。在這個(gè)社會(huì)中，管理機(jī)密，人人各司其職，操作程序有條不紊。Ahab:埃哈帕船長(zhǎng)是根據(jù)《舊約全書(shū)》中十分刻毒的同名復(fù)仇國(guó)王的原型塑造的。是人類征服自然的代表，有著普通人所沒(méi)有的堅(jiān)毅，剛強(qiáng)，近乎神明。但卻有自私，剛愎自用，瘋狂等陰暗面。是社會(huì)的生產(chǎn)中心和至高無(wú)上的主宰。MobyDick:自然的代表，自然力量的象征。Ishmael:伊什米爾是一名教師，希望擺脫平庸的生活，投入了大海懷抱。他是小說(shuō)的敘述者，是唯一的幸存者。ThemesofMobyDick1.Searchfortruth

Thestorydealswiththehumanpursuitoftruthandthemeaningofexistence.

2.ConflictbetweenGoodandEvil.

3.ConflictbetweenManandNature.

4.Isolationbetweenmanandman;manandnature;manandsociety.

5.Solipsism(唯我論）作品理解通過(guò)《白鯨》向人們指出，人必須承認(rèn)自己靈魂中的“惡”；人雖然可以觀察世界，或者對(duì)世界有一定的影響力量，但從根本來(lái)說(shuō)，人不能左右自然征服自然；人只要不冒失的自取滅亡，大自然便樂(lè)于讓他平靜的生活。《白鯨》是作者對(duì)社會(huì)和人生的認(rèn)識(shí)的全面總結(jié)，它描寫了捕鯨工人的辛勤勞動(dòng)和智慧，解釋了資本主義的殘酷剝削。但它的文字有事冗長(zhǎng)，艱澀，給人一種借題發(fā)揮，離題跑偏的感覺(jué)。梅爾維爾超越了時(shí)代的認(rèn)知能力，這是他在世時(shí)收到冷落的根本原因，直到絕望彌漫的20世紀(jì)，他的小說(shuō)才被大家認(rèn)可。SymbolismandallegoryinMoby-DickLand:asymbolofsafetySea:adventureanddangerThePequod:thehumanworld

Thevoyage：tendstoimplythevoyageofmindsearchingfortruthandknowledgeoftheforcesworkingintheuniversethatcontrolmenandtheirdestiny.5）Thewhitewhalemeansmanythings:ToMelville,itsymbolizesnature,foritiscomplex,unfathomable（高深莫測(cè)的）,malignant（惡性的）,andbeautifulaswell.ToAhab,itrepresentsevil.Moby-Dickislikeawall,hidingsomeunknown,mysteriousthingsbehind.Ahabpursuedthewhalesoastopiercethewall,torootouttheevil,butonlytobedestroyedbyevil,inthiscase,byhisowndesire,hismadness.

Totheauthor,thereaderandIshmael,thenarrator,MobyDickisamystery,amysteryofuniverse,inscrutable（難以了解的）andambivalent（矛盾的）,andthevoyageofthemindwillforeverremainasearch,notadiscovery,ofthetruth.EvaluationsD.H.LawrenceonH.Melville“Herecordsalso,almostbeyondpainorpleasure,theextremetransitionsoftheisolated,far-drivensoul,thesoulwhichisnowalone,withoutanyrealhumancontact”Hawthorne“Hewillneverrestuntilhegetsholdofadefini