高中英語人教版Unit2Poems unit2sectionⅳ

SectionⅣGrammar&Writing虛擬語氣(Ⅱ)閱讀下列句子，體會黑體部分的用法1．Haveyoueverwishedyoucouldpaintaswellasaprofessionalartist?2．Itisnecessarythatwe(should)learnEnglishwell.3．Mymomsuggeststhatwe(should)eatoutforachangethisweekend.虛擬語氣可以應(yīng)用于主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句等從句中。一、用于主語從句中常用虛擬語氣(謂語動詞用shoulddo，其中should可以省略)的主語從句有以下三個(gè)句式：1．Itis/was＋important/necessary/essential/impossible/natural/strange/surprising...＋that從句。如：Itisveryimportantthatwe(should)masterthebasicskillsofcomputer.掌握電腦的基本技能是很重要的。2．Itis/was＋a/anrule/shame/honour/surprise...＋that從句。如：Itisarulethateveryone(should)obeythelawofthecountry.條例規(guī)定，人人都應(yīng)該遵守國家的法律。3．Itis/was＋suggested/requested/required/demanded/ordered/commanded/proposed...＋that從句。如：Itissuggestedwe(should)startbeforesunset.人們建議我們應(yīng)該日落前出發(fā)。二、用于賓語從句中1．用在wish之后的賓語從句中wish后的賓語從句使用虛擬語氣，表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。主句用法從句謂語動詞的形式主語＋wish表示現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望用一般過去時(shí)(be動詞通常用were)表示過去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望had＋過去分詞表示將來不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望would(could)＋動詞原形IwishIwereadoctor.我希望我是個(gè)醫(yī)生就好了。Iwishthattherainwouldstop.我希望雨能停下來。2．用在表示命令、建議、要求等一類動詞后面的賓語從句中表示“要求、建議、命令”等動詞后面的從句中用“should＋動詞原形”構(gòu)成虛擬語氣，其中“should”可以省略。這類動詞可以速記為：一堅(jiān)持(insist)；二命令(command，order)；三建議(advise，suggest，proposal)；四要求(request，require，demand，desire)。Iinsistedthatwe(should)tellthistoher.我堅(jiān)決要求我們該把這事告訴她。Theteachersuggestedthatwe(should)cleantheblackboardafterclass.老師建議我們課后把黑板擦了。Iwouldratheryouhadn'tcomehere.我希望你沒有來這里。Iwouldratherwehadarestnow.我寧愿我們能夠現(xiàn)在休息一下。[名師點(diǎn)津]suggest表示“暗示”時(shí)，insist表示“堅(jiān)持說，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)，其后賓語從句不用虛擬語氣形式。Heinsistedthathehadn'tstolenthemoney.他堅(jiān)持說自己沒有偷錢。Thesmileonherfacesuggestedthatshewasverysatisfied.她臉上的微笑表明她很滿意。三、用于表語從句和同位語從句中虛擬語氣在同位語從句和表語從句中的運(yùn)用。一些表示“建議、要求、命令”等的名詞advice，idea，order，demand，plan，proposal，suggestion，request等單詞，其后所接的表語從句和同位語從句的謂語動詞用“(should)＋動詞原形”。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)getstartedassoonaspossible.我的建議是我們盡可能快地出發(fā)。Myadviceisthatyou(should)quitsmoking.我的建議是你應(yīng)該戒煙。四、虛擬語氣的其他用法1．a(chǎn)sif/asthough引導(dǎo)的從句以及ifonly從句中的虛擬語氣asif/asthough/ifonly時(shí)間謂語動詞的虛擬形式與過去相虛擬had＋過去分詞與現(xiàn)在相虛擬一般過去時(shí)(be動詞用were)與將來相虛擬would/could/might＋動詞原形HespeaksEnglishasthoughhewereanAmerican.他說英語就好像他是美國人一樣。Ifonlythedriverdidn'tdrivesofast!司機(jī)要是沒開那么快就好了！[名師點(diǎn)津]asif/asthough如果有明顯的跡象表示“有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事實(shí)”時(shí)，不用虛擬語氣。Itseemsasiftheyknoweachother.(真實(shí)情況)他們好像彼此認(rèn)識。Itseemsasthoughitwerealreadyspring.(虛擬語氣)好像已經(jīng)是春天了。2．It's(high/about)timethat從句中的虛擬語氣英語中，表示“早該做某事了”時(shí)，定語從句中的謂語動詞需用虛擬語氣，其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：Itis(high/about)time(that)＋主語＋動詞的過去式/should＋動詞原形。ItistimethatIwenttopickupmydaughteratschool.我該去學(xué)校接我的女兒了。Itishightimeyoushouldgotowork.你該上班了。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．I'dratheryou(nottell)meaboutityesterday.2．Robertwishesthathe(study)businessinsteadofhistorywhenhewasinuniversity.【導(dǎo)學(xué)號：33100014】3．HemadeasuggestionthattheEnglishtest(put)offuntilnextWednesday.4．Ifonlyhe(come)tomorrow!5．I'velovedyouasifyou(be)myson.【答案】'ttoldstudied3.(should)beputcomeⅡ.完成句子1．明天他必須來參加我們的會議。Itisessentialthatourmeetingtomorrow.2．當(dāng)一枝鉛筆的一部分處在一杯水中時(shí)，它看上去像斷了似的。Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater，itlooksasif．3．他提議我們應(yīng)該細(xì)致地做這項(xiàng)工作。Hegavetheadvicethattheworkcarefully.4．你要是聽從我的勸告就好了。youtomyadvice.5．我寧愿你自己干這事而不是請別人幫忙。Iyourselfinsteadofaskingothersforhelp.【答案】shouldcometowerebroken(should)doonly；hadlistenedratheryoudidit詩歌改寫本單元的寫作任務(wù)是詩歌改寫。改寫是用不同形式表達(dá)同一內(nèi)容，使之成為與原文意思相同而表達(dá)方式、文體不同的作品。改寫可以變換文章的人稱、順序，可以改變原文的體裁、結(jié)構(gòu)，也可以靈活運(yùn)用自己的語言，盡可能用多種方法來表達(dá)、替換原文的內(nèi)容。具體寫作步驟一般是“三段式”，具體為：第一段：簡要介紹詩歌的內(nèi)容。第二段：詳細(xì)論述詩歌的主題。第三段：總結(jié)照應(yīng)上文。改寫詩歌時(shí)，應(yīng)遵循以下原則；1．要忠實(shí)于原作的中心思想。這就要求想象和聯(lián)想要符合原作精神，不能任意想象，漫無邊際。2．適當(dāng)拓展，服務(wù)主題。詩歌用詞比較精練、含蓄，感情色彩較濃厚，也就是說它們的內(nèi)在含義比較豐富，改寫時(shí)，有發(fā)揮想象的余地，可以把原作簡潔的詞句拓展成具體的景象，形成一篇與主題相關(guān)的文章。3．避免簡單翻譯，要有創(chuàng)作性。改寫是再創(chuàng)作的過程，并不是單純的翻譯詩歌，不能僅就詩歌的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行簡單的擴(kuò)充，而是要進(jìn)一步展開種種想象，使人物形象有血有肉，栩栩如生，使故事情節(jié)更加完整生動。4．豐富想象，適當(dāng)添加。改寫時(shí)可將原來文中沒有的東西，如人物的表情、動作、語言、神態(tài)和行為等都加進(jìn)去，在沒有改變原作主題思想的基礎(chǔ)上，寫成一篇完整的文章?？傊?，詩歌改寫應(yīng)該把握原文的主題，用通俗易懂的語言進(jìn)行創(chuàng)作，加入自己的語言，使文章符合主題，流暢易懂。[亮點(diǎn)句式]1．Thepoemiswrittenbythefamouswriter...這首詩是由著名的詩人……寫的。2．Itrhymesattheendoftheeveryline.這首詩歌在每一行的末尾押韻。3．Wecanappreciatetheimageof...throughthepieceofpoem.我們可以通過這首詩歌欣賞到……的意境。4．Inthepoem，wecansense/find...在詩歌中，我們能夠意識到/發(fā)現(xiàn)……5．Thewriterexpressedhis/hepoem.作者在詩歌中表達(dá)了自己……的感情。6．Thispoemhassuccessfullytouchedtheheartsofthereaders.這首詩歌成功地觸動了讀者的心弦。[寫作任務(wù)]下面是唐朝詩人李紳的名作《憫農(nóng)》，請寫一篇80詞左右的短文解釋一下詩歌的意義以及詩中所蘊(yùn)含的作者的思想感情。SympathyontheFarmersAtnoon，afarmerisweeding，Downthefield，sweatisdripping，Whoknowsriceonadish，Everygrainisfullofmoiling?[審題謀篇]體裁詩歌改寫話題憐憫農(nóng)民、愛惜糧食時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)人稱第三人稱[遣詞造句]Ⅰ.詞匯1．受歡迎2．如下3．提醒某人某事4．浪費(fèi)食物5．珍惜【答案】popularwithfollows3．remindsth.food5．treasure/cherishⅡ.句式1．LiShenintheTangDynastywrotethepoemtitled“SympathyontheFarmers”．ItispopularwithChinesereaders.(合并為復(fù)合句)2．理解這首詩，愛惜每一粒糧食，對今天的年輕一代來說是必要的。(一句多譯)①②【答案】isapoemtitled“SympathyontheFarmers”writtenbyLiShenintheTangDynasty，whichispopularwithChinesereaders.2．①Itisnecessaryfortheyounggenerationtodaytounderstandthepoemandtreasureeverygrain.②It'snecessarythattheyounggenerationtodayshouldunderstandthepoemandtreasureeverygrain.[妙筆成篇]【參考范文】Thepoem“SympathyontheFarmers”byLiShenintheTangDynastyispopularwithChinesereaders.Themeaningofthepoemisas'sveryhotatasummernoon，yetafarmerisstillworkinginthesweatispouringoffhimandfallingintothesoilwherethecropswhoknowsourmealscomefromthehardworkofthefarmers?Thispoemisaimedatremindingpeopleoftheimportanceofthefarmers'hard'snecessarythatyounggenerationtodayunderstandthepoemandtreasureeverygrain.學(xué)業(yè)分層測評（六）Ⅰ.完成句子1．要是我當(dāng)時(shí)向她道歉就好了。IfonlyI.2．我們早該采取措施來制止污染了。It'stimethat.3．他談起話來好像他去過世界上的很多地方似的?！緦?dǎo)學(xué)號：33100036】Hetalksasifheintheworld.4．我們接受了他的建議：我們應(yīng)該請求老師的幫助。Wefollowedhisadvicethatwe.5．但愿我能知道要發(fā)生什么事。Iwish.【答案】apologizedtoherthen2．wetookmeasurestostoppollution3．hadbeentomanyplaces4．shouldaskourteacherforhelp5．IknewwhatwasgoingtohappenⅡ.閱讀理解Poetryisoneoftheimportantartformsofliterature,andisaneasywaytoexpressyour,everyoneunderstandsitintheirownfindreliefinpoems;somereadthemsimplyforpeace;somereadpoemsforsimpleartisticpleasure.Therearesomespecialfeaturesofpoetry,whichmakeitquitedifferentfromotherformsofofall，poemshaverhythmicmostpartsofapoemfollowthesameformofmayhaverhyme,buttheydon'thavelinesareneatlyarrangedtogethersothattheyexpressaparticularfeelingoremotion.Therecanbevarioustypesofpoemsbutaccordingtothepatternortheform,therearemainlythreetypes:Lyrics:Thelyricmainlyconcentratesonhumanthoughtsandemotionsratherthanaalwaysbearsong-likearemainlyshortlyricpoemformsaretheelegy,theodeandtheShakespeare,EdmundWallerandKeatsaresomeofthegreatestlyricwritersofalltimes.Narrativepoems:ThistypeofpoetrytellsapoemsareusuallylongandballadsfallunderthisofthegreatestepicpoetsareJohnMilton,Dante,EdgarAllanPoe，AlexanderPope,WilliamShakespeare,etc...Dramaticpoems:Anydramathatiswritteninverseisadramaticpoemsgenerallytellaverse,dramaticmonologuesandclosetdramabelongtothisShakespeare,ChristopherMarloweandBenJonsonaresomeofthegreatdramaticpoets.Whatevertheformis,onething，whichcannotbedenied,isthatpoetryisoneofthemostpowerfultoolstoexpressourfeelings.1．Whatdoweknowaboutlyrics?①Theyaresimilartosongs.②Theyusuallytellstories.③Theyarenotverylong.④Thesonnetisatypeoflyric.A．①②③ B．②③④C．①②④ D．①③④【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段我們可以知道抒情詩主要表達(dá)人的思想和情感而不是寫故事，具有歌曲的特點(diǎn)，通常比較短，挽歌、頌歌、十四行詩都屬于抒情詩，故選D?！敬鸢浮緿2．Whichofthefollowingbelongstonarrativepoetry?A．Theelegy.B．Thedramaticmonologue.C．Theepic.D．Theode.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Epicsandballadsfallunderthistype.”可知?！敬鸢浮緾3．Wecanknowfromthetextthat．A．poemsareweakinshowingfeelingsB．narrativepoemsareshorterthanlyricpoemsC．somepoetswritemorethanonetypeofpoemD．thesonnetandtheballadbelongtothesametype【解析】推理判斷題。從每種類別后舉的例子可看出有的詩人不止寫一種類型的詩，如莎士比亞?！敬鸢浮緾4．Thispassageiswrittenmainlyto．A．tellussomesimplefactsaboutpoetryB．teachushowtowritepoemsC．givesomeadviceonreadingpoemsD．makeusinterestedinpoems【解析】主旨大意題。這篇文章向我們介紹了詩的特點(diǎn)、分類等一些基本知識?！敬鸢浮緼Ⅲ.語法填空First,readingbooks1.(be)canalwayskeepyourself2.(interest)anditcanhelpyouhaveanenjoyabletimeifyoulikeisespeciallyusefulwhentheweatherisisa(n)3.(relax)hobbytoo.Next,youcanreadabookanywhere:inacar,onaplane,inbed，eveninthe.youneedisabook!Readingisaconvenienthobbyasitiseasytostopandstartagain.Anothergoodreasonforreadingbooksis5.itisyoureadasahobbyyou6.(get)betterandbetteratmeansthatyouwillreadfasterandbecome7.(good)atunderstandingwhatyouyourreadingimproves,youwillprobablyfindyourschoolworkbecomesmuchschoolsubjectsdepend8.goodreadingand,asyoureadyoulearnmoreandmore.Goodreadersaremostlikelytobegood9.(write),areusuallygoodat10.(spell)aswell,andhavemorethingstowritebooksisreallyawonderfulhobby.1．【解析】v．-ing形式作主語，謂語用單數(shù)形式?！敬鸢浮縤s2．【解析】修飾yourself，用interested?！敬鸢浮縤nterested3．【解析】修飾hobby，用relaxing“令人放松的”。【答案】relaxing4．【解析】what引導(dǎo)主語從句，且在從句中作賓語?！敬鸢浮縒hat5．【解析】that引導(dǎo)表語從句，在從句中不作成分?！敬鸢浮縯hat6．【解析】由句意知用一般將來時(shí)?！敬鸢浮縲illget7．【解析】由前面faster知此處用比較級?！敬鸢浮縝etter8．【解析】dependon“依靠，依賴”?！敬鸢浮縪n9．【解析】形容詞修飾名詞，且由前面readers知用writers?！敬鸢浮縲riters10．【解析】begoodat“擅長”，介詞后用名詞，代詞，動名詞。【答案】spellingⅣ.完形填空(2023·浙江臺州書生中學(xué)高二期中考試)Checkoutanywoman'swardrobeandyouwillbesuretofindatleastonepairofhighheelshoesall，whichwomancan1wearingsomethingthatmakesherlooktallerandherlegs2longer?Unfortunately，thosehighheelshoeswomenlovesomuch3theirname，andcanendupdoingmoredamagethanyoucanimagine4thespine(脊柱)andlowerback－ifcareisnottaken.Murlowska，atherapist(治療師)，is5withtheconsequencesofwearinghighmajorityof6whoarriveatMurlowska'sofficecometoherwithbackandlowerbackoftenthe7aretheresultofnotwalkingproperlyinhighheelsorchoosingthe8kindoffootwear.“Iknowwomenlovewearinghighheelsbuttheycan9extremedamagetothebody，”Murlowskasays，“Irecentlyhadapatientwhohadaterriblefallwhilewalkinginhighheelsandtwistedher10．Shedidnotthinkmuchofitatthetime，butthenextmorningshe11uptofindherkneeswollenandpainful.”Ifawomanwalksinheels12thanfivecentimeters，severalpressurepointsdevelopinvariouspartsofthebodywhichexperience13．Essentially，awomanwearinghighheelsisattemptingto14herentirebodyonaverysmallcausesextremestressonthemusclesofthelegs15increasingthechancesoftheanklegettingcan16damagetothekneeligaments(韌帶)andtendons(腱)．Highheelsforcethe17intoanunnaturaldown-turned，therestofthebodyhasto18itselfinordertostaylowerpartofthespineaswellasthehipbonetilts(傾斜)forwardwhilethe19spineandthenecktiltsbackinordertomaintainbalance.Overaperiodoftime，thehipbonealsogets20becauseofthechangeinthecenterofgravityasaresultofwearinghighheels.1． B．enjoyC．request D．resist【解析】考查動詞辨析。羨慕；喜歡；要求；抵抗；句意：畢竟，哪個(gè)女人能抵抗住高跟鞋的誘惑，讓自己變得更高，腿顯得更長，resistdoingsth.抵抗做某事，故選D項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮緿2． B．becomeC．grow D．turn【解析】考查動詞辨析。出現(xiàn)；成為；長大；轉(zhuǎn)向；句意：畢竟，哪個(gè)女人能抵抗住高跟鞋的誘惑，讓自己變得更高，腿更長，故選A項(xiàng)。【答案】A3．to B．goupC．liveupto D．a(chǎn)rrivein【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。to到達(dá)；up上升；upto不辜負(fù)；in到達(dá)；句意：不幸地是，那些女性喜歡的高跟鞋并沒有辜負(fù)它們的名字，如果不注意的話，可能對脊柱和后背造成傷害，故選C項(xiàng)。【答案】C4． B．withC．a(chǎn)s D．for【解析】考查介詞辨析及語境理解。句意：不幸地是，那些女性喜歡的高跟鞋并沒有辜負(fù)他們的名字，如果不注意的話，可能對脊柱和后背造成傷害，dodamagetosth.對某物造成傷害，故選A項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮緼5． B．familiarC．famous D．worried【解析】考查形容詞辨析。知道；熟悉的；著名的；擔(dān)心的；句意：一個(gè)治療師Murlowska很了解它的后果，befamiliarwith熟悉，故選B